Reasons for Growth of Poverty
History: Edexcel A Level England, 1509-1603, topic 3.2.1
Reasons Behind the Growth of Poverty in Elizabethan England
Historians view the period of 1540-1660 as a time of social disorder. This manifested itself in rising poverty levels. This was caused by several factors:
Inflation
- On average, the price of goods increased by 400%.
- This had, in part, been caused by the rise in the population, which meant goods were more in demand.
- Inflation hit those at the bottom of society the most.
Demographic change
- The population had more than doubled between the beginning and end of the Tudor dynasty.
- Pressure on land led to increased rents but wages fell.
- This placed pressure on resources and goods, leading to greater poverty.
Bad harvests
- England experienced bad harvests between in the 1550s, and then between 1594 and 1598.
- The lack of foodstuffs led to higher prices and less food, increasing poverty in England.
Urban growth
- London grew faster than anywhere else. New urban centres began in some places (e.g. Manchester, Plymouth). Some towns declined (e.g. Winchester).
- New urban centres grew because of manufacturing, although it was still small-scale. Examples of cottage industry: soap, nails, hosiery.
- Ordinary workers and labourers saw real wages fall and living standards decline.
Test yourself on Reasons for Growth of Poverty
On average, by how much did the price of goods increase?
When did England experience bad harvests?