1.7.1
Automated Systems
Automated Systems
Automated Systems
Automated systems are found in many areas, such as industry, transport, agriculture, science, and even gaming.
What are automated systems?
What are automated systems?
- An automated system is a process or machine that can operate without direct human control.
- They use sensors, microprocessors, and actuators to work together.
- They are designed to operate continuously and often repeat the same tasks with precision.
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Key components
Key components
- Sensors:
- Detect and measure physical changes in the environment
- Example: Temperature sensor (measures heat); Motion sensor (detects movement)
- Microprocessors:
- The "brain" of the system
- Receives data from the sensors and processes it to make a decision based on programmed instructions
- Actuators:
- Parts that carry out actions based on instructions from the microprocessor
- Example: Turning a motor on; Sprinkler releasing water; Switching a light off
How they work together
How they work together
- The three components create a continuous loop:
- A temperature sensor detects a room is too hot.
- The data is sent to the microprocessor.
- The microprocessor processes the data and makes a decision → "If temperature is above 25°C, turn the fan on".
- The microprocessor sends a signal to the actuator (such as a fan motor).
- The fan motor (actuator) performs the action and turns on.
Advantages of automated systems
Advantages of automated systems
- Industry & manufacturing:
- Increased speed and accuracy, leading to more efficient production.
- Transport
- Improved safety through automated braking and navigation systems.
- Agriculture:
- Saving water and resources through automated watering and harvesting.
- Science:
- Precise data collection in experiments, reducing the chance of human error.
- 24/7 Operation:
- Automated systems can work continuously without breaks, which is useful in many industries.
Disadvantages of automated systems
Disadvantages of automated systems
- Costs:
- The systems and their installation are often expensive.
- Loss of jobs:
- Automation can replace human workers, leading to unemployment.
- Maintenance:
- Automated systems are complex and require specialist skills if they break down.
- Lack of flexibility:
- They can only perform tasks they have been specifically programmed for.
- System failure:
- If the system malfunctions, it can lead to a complete shutdown of a factory or a critical process.
1Computer Systems
1.1Data Representation
1.1.1Binary Numbers
1.1.2Negative Binary Numbers
1.1.3Hexadecimal
1.1.4Using Hexadecimal
1.1.5Converting Binary & Hexadecimal
1.1.6Converting Denary & Hexadecimal
1.1.7Capacity
1.1.8Calculating Capacity Requirements
1.1.9Binary in Computer Systems
1.1.10Data Compression
1.1.11Run Length Encoding
1.1.12File Formats
1.2Data Transmission
1.3Hardware
1.3.1Elements of Computer Systems
1.3.2Types of Computer System
1.3.3Von Neumann Architecture
1.3.4The Fetch, Decode, Execute Cycle
1.3.5Factors Affecting CPU Performance
1.3.6Computational Logic
1.3.7Input Devices
1.3.82D & 3D Scanners
1.3.9Code Readers
1.3.10Solid State Storage
1.3.11Magnetic Storage
1.3.12Examples of Magnetic Storage
1.3.13Optical Storage
1.3.14Examples of Optical Storage
1.3.15Types of Optical disk
1.3.16Storage Requirements
1.3.17Translation - Compilers
1.3.18Translation - Interpreters
1.3.19Translation - Assemblers
1.3.20Acoustic Sensors
1.3.21Flow Sensors
1.3.22Gas Sensors
1.3.23Humidity Sensors
1.3.24Infrared Sensors
1.3.25Level Sensors
1.3.26Light Sensors
1.3.27Magnetic Field Sensors
1.3.28Moisture Sensors
1.3.29pH Sensors
1.3.30Pressure Sensors
1.3.31Proximity Sensors
1.3.32Temperature Sensors
1.3.33Network Hardware
1.5The Internet & its Uses
1.6Cyber Security
1.6.1Forms of Attack
1.6.2Penetration Testing
1.6.3Types of Malware
1.6.4How Malware Spreads
1.6.5Protecting Against Malware
1.6.6Information Security
1.6.7Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection
1.6.8Firewalls
1.6.9Authentication: User Access Levels
1.6.10Authentication: Passwords
1.6.11Social Engineering
1.6.12Phishing
1.6.13Denial of Service Attacks
1.7Automated & Emerging Technologies
2Algorithms, Programming & Logic
2.1Algorithm Design & Problem Solving
2.1.1Computational Thinking - Abstraction
2.1.2Computational Thinking - Decomposition
2.1.3Computational Thinking - Algorithmic Thinking
2.1.4Pseudocode
2.1.5Flow Diagrams
2.1.6Interpreting, Correcting & Completing Algorithm
2.1.7Correcting Algorithms
2.1.8Completing Algorithms
2.1.9Testing
2.1.10Types of Testing
2.1.11Test Plans
2.1.12Validation & Sanitation
2.1.13Authentication & Contingencies
2.2Programming
2.2.1Programming Fundamentals - Variables & Constants
2.2.2Programming Fundamentals - Comments
2.2.3Programming Fundamentals - Input & Output
2.2.4Data Types
2.2.5Casting
2.2.6Controlling Program Flow - Sequence
2.2.7Controlling Program Flow - Selection
2.2.8Controlling Program Flow - Iteration
2.2.9Modularity - Subroutines
2.2.10Modularity - Scope
2.2.11Arrays
Jump to other topics
1Computer Systems
1.1Data Representation
1.1.1Binary Numbers
1.1.2Negative Binary Numbers
1.1.3Hexadecimal
1.1.4Using Hexadecimal
1.1.5Converting Binary & Hexadecimal
1.1.6Converting Denary & Hexadecimal
1.1.7Capacity
1.1.8Calculating Capacity Requirements
1.1.9Binary in Computer Systems
1.1.10Data Compression
1.1.11Run Length Encoding
1.1.12File Formats
1.2Data Transmission
1.3Hardware
1.3.1Elements of Computer Systems
1.3.2Types of Computer System
1.3.3Von Neumann Architecture
1.3.4The Fetch, Decode, Execute Cycle
1.3.5Factors Affecting CPU Performance
1.3.6Computational Logic
1.3.7Input Devices
1.3.82D & 3D Scanners
1.3.9Code Readers
1.3.10Solid State Storage
1.3.11Magnetic Storage
1.3.12Examples of Magnetic Storage
1.3.13Optical Storage
1.3.14Examples of Optical Storage
1.3.15Types of Optical disk
1.3.16Storage Requirements
1.3.17Translation - Compilers
1.3.18Translation - Interpreters
1.3.19Translation - Assemblers
1.3.20Acoustic Sensors
1.3.21Flow Sensors
1.3.22Gas Sensors
1.3.23Humidity Sensors
1.3.24Infrared Sensors
1.3.25Level Sensors
1.3.26Light Sensors
1.3.27Magnetic Field Sensors
1.3.28Moisture Sensors
1.3.29pH Sensors
1.3.30Pressure Sensors
1.3.31Proximity Sensors
1.3.32Temperature Sensors
1.3.33Network Hardware
1.5The Internet & its Uses
1.6Cyber Security
1.6.1Forms of Attack
1.6.2Penetration Testing
1.6.3Types of Malware
1.6.4How Malware Spreads
1.6.5Protecting Against Malware
1.6.6Information Security
1.6.7Structured Query Language (SQL) Injection
1.6.8Firewalls
1.6.9Authentication: User Access Levels
1.6.10Authentication: Passwords
1.6.11Social Engineering
1.6.12Phishing
1.6.13Denial of Service Attacks
1.7Automated & Emerging Technologies
2Algorithms, Programming & Logic
2.1Algorithm Design & Problem Solving
2.1.1Computational Thinking - Abstraction
2.1.2Computational Thinking - Decomposition
2.1.3Computational Thinking - Algorithmic Thinking
2.1.4Pseudocode
2.1.5Flow Diagrams
2.1.6Interpreting, Correcting & Completing Algorithm
2.1.7Correcting Algorithms
2.1.8Completing Algorithms
2.1.9Testing
2.1.10Types of Testing
2.1.11Test Plans
2.1.12Validation & Sanitation
2.1.13Authentication & Contingencies
2.2Programming
2.2.1Programming Fundamentals - Variables & Constants
2.2.2Programming Fundamentals - Comments
2.2.3Programming Fundamentals - Input & Output
2.2.4Data Types
2.2.5Casting
2.2.6Controlling Program Flow - Sequence
2.2.7Controlling Program Flow - Selection
2.2.8Controlling Program Flow - Iteration
2.2.9Modularity - Subroutines
2.2.10Modularity - Scope
2.2.11Arrays
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