3.1.2
Crime in Industrial Britain
Crime in Industrial Britain
Crime in Industrial Britain
Changing living conditions, the rising population in towns and the greater ability to travel had an impact on crime.
![Illustrative background for Highway robbery](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/c4685f07-54f2-4c2d-9299-dd41be31ae1c/rob,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
![Illustrative background for Highway robbery ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/c4685f07-54f2-4c2d-9299-dd41be31ae1c/rob,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
Highway robbery
Highway robbery
- This type of crime was a huge threat to the authorities as it was a cause of disruption to trade.
- Demobilised soldiers were returning from foreign wars and being jobless in many cases resorted to highway robbery to steal goods for resale.
- Horses and weapons had become much cheaper to obtain and increasing numbers of businessmen were travelling around the country.
![Illustrative background for Impact of toll roads](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/9165a52b-3689-46a8-a4d6-ff8ec597a4f8/road,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Impact of toll roads ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/9165a52b-3689-46a8-a4d6-ff8ec597a4f8/road,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Impact of toll roads
Impact of toll roads
- The creation of toll roads, better roads which you paid to travel on, had the effect of making travel much easier.
- Businessmen travelling around to complete transactions also carried large amounts of cash and expensive items making them an easy target.
![Illustrative background for Laws on poaching](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/7.3.1- Effects of human interactions on ecosystems/forest-2541928_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Laws on poaching ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/7.3.1- Effects of human interactions on ecosystems/forest-2541928_640-min,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Laws on poaching
Laws on poaching
- Only landowners with land over the value of £100 were allowed to hunt on their land.
- If your land was valued at less or you had tenant farmers then hunting was forbidden.
- The 1723 Black Act made hunting deer, hare or rabbits a capital crime.
- Therefore, if you were found out at night armed, disguised or with a blackened face then you would have been prosecuted for poaching.
- This was not a new crime but it was widely tolerated.
- This meant that it was having an impact on rich landowners who did not wish people to be accessing their land and hunting their animals.
![Illustrative background for The crime of poaching](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/224030c5-1ff7-40fc-915c-e63504482dc7/shrug-woman-,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
![Illustrative background for The crime of poaching ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/224030c5-1ff7-40fc-915c-e63504482dc7/shrug-woman-,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
The crime of poaching
The crime of poaching
- Gamekeepers were often employed to protect land, but this sometimes led to violence as poachers would often attack them.
- Villagers would then provide an alibi for those accused, which again evidences attitudes towards this crime.
- Many poachers would sell their haul on the black market as you could make significantly more money selling their catch than working as a labourer for the day.
![Illustrative background for Smuggling](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/18682f5b-63f8-4ac9-a727-16077ecf4247/pirate-,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
![Illustrative background for Smuggling ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/18682f5b-63f8-4ac9-a727-16077ecf4247/pirate-,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
Smuggling
Smuggling
- This crime took place in the coastal areas of England where smugglers brought tea, wine, cloth and spirits into the country, avoiding the payment of tax on the goods.
- Tax and duties were an important source of income for the government. As a result, smuggling was a crime that had a great impact on the income of the authorities.
- Often smugglers were ruthless and would happily resort to violence to ensure goods could enter the country.
![Illustrative background for Smugglers](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/4bfec079-9d65-4a69-bd55-8aa7877ebc88/pirate-ship-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Smugglers ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/4bfec079-9d65-4a69-bd55-8aa7877ebc88/pirate-ship-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Smugglers
Smugglers
- Smuggling attracted all sorts of people as it was a good source of additional income and also resulted in you having access to a number of luxury items.
- Many towns and villages turned a blind eye to smuggling as they often gained benefit from it and most did not agree with the payment of taxes and duties on goods.
- Often smuggling gangs would be 50 - 100 strong and as a result, would drastically outnumber any customs officials sent to try and stop them.
The Tolpuddle Martyrs
The Tolpuddle Martyrs
The Tolpuddle Martyrs reflect how the law was not adapted to meet the changing dynamics in industrial society.
![Illustrative background for Aftermath of the French Revolution](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/4b294d85-31f6-46ab-8dc9-8749cc8235e4/bastille-paris-france-revolution-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Aftermath of the French Revolution ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/4b294d85-31f6-46ab-8dc9-8749cc8235e4/bastille-paris-france-revolution-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Aftermath of the French Revolution
Aftermath of the French Revolution
- Following the French Revolution, there was a genuine fear of revolt and uprising in England.
- The Government worried that the same thing would happen here and as a result were extra vigilant looking for signs of conspiracy and plotting.
![Illustrative background for The Tolpuddle martyrs](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/e3a4238b-97e2-4222-a8cd-039bec6fbaa4/unhappy-worried,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for The Tolpuddle martyrs ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/e3a4238b-97e2-4222-a8cd-039bec6fbaa4/unhappy-worried,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
The Tolpuddle martyrs
The Tolpuddle martyrs
- The Tolpuddle martyrs were a group of farm labourers led by George Loveless.
- Unhappy with their wages they were trying to improve them and their working conditions.
![Illustrative background for Secrecy](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/1b8ba991-4cf4-4345-97c2-aa53fc2c840a/secret-shh,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Secrecy ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/1b8ba991-4cf4-4345-97c2-aa53fc2c840a/secret-shh,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Secrecy
Secrecy
- This was a period prior to the formal existence of unions, this movement was in its infancy.
- The group established a secret union and swore an oath to keep it secret and to support one another.
![Illustrative background for Exposing the Tolpuddle martyrs](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/db1c4f92-dbfd-4b81-ba7f-921de21296fd/Judge-Gavil-Trial-Court-Wig-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
![Illustrative background for Exposing the Tolpuddle martyrs ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/db1c4f92-dbfd-4b81-ba7f-921de21296fd/Judge-Gavil-Trial-Court-Wig-,h_400,q_80,w_640.jpg)
Exposing the Tolpuddle martyrs
Exposing the Tolpuddle martyrs
- They were caught as news of their secret oath leaked to the rich landowners.
- This not being a crime made it difficult to punish the men, so they were tried under old naval laws designed to prevent mutiny at sea.
![Illustrative background for Finding a way to punish the Tolpuddle martyrs](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/96b3cdfb-6303-4aa9-bbfe-d7a0774301d8/high-five,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
![Illustrative background for Finding a way to punish the Tolpuddle martyrs ?? "content](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/96b3cdfb-6303-4aa9-bbfe-d7a0774301d8/high-five,h_400,q_80,w_640.png)
Finding a way to punish the Tolpuddle martyrs
Finding a way to punish the Tolpuddle martyrs
- Employers celebrated a victory as the union had been destroyed and the Tolpuddle martyrs were sentenced to 7 years transportation for their crime.
1Medieval England, 1000-1500
1.1Changing Definition of Crime in Medieval England
1.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
1.3Case Studies From 1000-1500
2Early Modern England, 1500-1700
2.1Changing Definitions of Crime
2.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
2.3Case Studies From 1500-1700
318th & 19th Century Britain
3.1Changing Definition of Crime in Industrial Britain
3.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
3.3Case Studies From 1700-1900
4Modern Britain, 1900-Present
4.1Changing Definition of Crime in Modern Britain
4.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
5Whitechapel Local Study
5.1The Geographical Area & Living Conditions
5.2The People of Whitechapel
Jump to other topics
1Medieval England, 1000-1500
1.1Changing Definition of Crime in Medieval England
1.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
1.3Case Studies From 1000-1500
2Early Modern England, 1500-1700
2.1Changing Definitions of Crime
2.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
2.3Case Studies From 1500-1700
318th & 19th Century Britain
3.1Changing Definition of Crime in Industrial Britain
3.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
3.3Case Studies From 1700-1900
4Modern Britain, 1900-Present
4.1Changing Definition of Crime in Modern Britain
4.2Nature of Law Enforcement & Punishment
5Whitechapel Local Study
5.1The Geographical Area & Living Conditions
5.2The People of Whitechapel
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