3.3.2

Uprisings Against Henry VIII

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The Pilgrimage of Grace

The Pilgrimage of Grace was motivated by a complex mix of reasons. Historians view the Pilgrimage of Grace as the commons efforts to restore harmony in society.

Causes

Causes

  • Religious causes:
    • The rebellion was a response to Henry VIII’s religious policy and, in particular, the suppression of monasteries.
    • Williams: "The pilgrims were protesting against an unprecedented intrusion by the Crown into their local communities and traditional ways".
  • Economic causes:
  • There had been an extreme expansion in tax. E.g. on food, levies on Churching.
  • Rumours began to circulate that the government was going to introduce more taxes (such as tax on white meat).
Course

Course

  • The riots grew to become a rebellion of 40,000 people, called the Pilgrimage of Grace.
  • The rebellion was led by Robert Aske.
  • The rebels issued a range of demands, including ending the Statute of Uses (a property law that Henry VIII passed), Princess Mary to restored to the succession, the dismissal of Cromwell, stopping enclosure, elections and the Catholic Church to be restored to all its former rights.
Consequence

Consequence

  • Henry VIII agreed to pardon the rebels and said Parliament would look at their demands.
  • Fresh rebellions in the north in January 1536 gave Henry VIII the excuse he needed to execute the rebel leaders and go back on his promise.

Historical debate

  • There has been considerable historical debate about the causes of Tudor rebellions.
    • For example, Marxist historians focus on material causes and discount factors such as religion.
    • Today, religion is being taken more seriously as a factor.
    • Lockyer and O'Sullivan remind us of the complexity of the Pilgrimage of Grace's causes: “The Pilgrims’ Articles were a mixture of economic, political and religious grievances.”
Jump to other topics
1

Monarch & Government

1.1

Tudor Monarchs

1.1.1Henry VII1.1.2Henry VIII1.1.3Edward VI1.1.4Mary I1.1.5Elizabeth I1.1.6Succession Disputes
1.2

Changing Role of Parliament

1.2.1Parliament & Henry VII1.2.2Parliament & Henry VIII1.2.3Parliament After the Reformation
1.3

Principal Servants to the Crown

1.3.1Principal Servants to the Crown
2

Religious Changes

2.1

Tudor Monarchs & Religious Change

2.1.1The Henrician Reformation2.1.2Impact of Religious Change Under Henry VIII2.1.3Religious Change Under Edward VI2.1.4Religious Change Under Mary I2.1.5Elizabethan Settlement
2.2

Catholicism & Survival

2.2.1Popular Attitudes to Catholicism2.2.2Catholicism Under Henry VIII2.2.3Catholicism Under Elizabeth I2.2.4Catholic Nobility
2.3

Protestantism & Puritanism

2.3.1Protestant Influences2.3.2Protestantism Under Edward VI2.3.3Protestantism Under Elizabeth I
3

State Control & Popular Resistance

3.1

Tudor Control of the Country

3.1.1Councils3.1.2Role of Nobility3.1.3Justices of the Peace3.1.4Lord Lieutenant
3.2

The State & the Poor

3.2.1Reasons for Growth of Poverty3.2.2Punishments for Paupers3.2.3Role of Charities
3.3

Resistance to Tudor Rule

3.3.1Resistance to Tax & Subsidies3.3.2Uprisings Against Henry VIII3.3.3Uprisings Against Edward VI3.3.4Uprisings Against Elizabeth I3.3.5Decline of Popular Resistance
4

Economic, Social & Cultural Change

4.1

Patterns of Domestic & Foreign Trade

4.1.1Wool & Cloth4.1.2Exploration & Trade
4.2

Changing Structure of Society

4.2.1Population4.2.2Dissolution of Monasteries4.2.3Enclosure
4.3

Cultural Change

4.3.1Education & Literature4.3.2Impact of Religious Change4.3.3Patronage4.3.4The Arts4.3.5Cult of Gloriana
5

Historical Interpretations

5.1

Significance of Threats to National Security

5.1.1Spain5.1.2The Spanish Armada5.1.3Ireland
5.2

Court Politics

5.2.1Court Factions5.2.2Essex's Rebellion
5.3

Elizabeth & Parliament

5.3.1Conflict with Parliament
5.4

Social Distress in the 1590s

5.4.1Social Distress in the 1590s

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Resistance to Tax & Subsidies

Uprisings Against Edward VI