3.1.1

Councils

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The Council of Wales and the Marches

The Council of Wales and the Marches is one of the earliest forms of regional government in England.

Origins of the Council

Origins of the Council

  • The Council was first established by Edward IV in 1472.
  • The Council was designed to manage the finances of the Prince of Wales.
  • In 1473, the remit of the Council expanded to include maintaining law in Wales.
The Council Under Henry VIII

The Council Under Henry VIII

  • Under Henry VIII, the Council gained more power and governed the area with greater repression.
  • The president of the Council, Rowland Lee, was renowned for his draconian measures.
  • The Act of Union (1536) brought Wales into English legal and government systems.
    • Wales was divided into three shires with JPs appointed by the king and given 24 MPs.
  • In 1542, the Laws in Wales Act gave the Council statutory recognition.
  • The Council gained greater control in governing the area.

The Council of the North

The Council of the North was used by the Tudors to maintain control of the northern region. The Council was reinvigorated after the Pilgrimage of Grace.

Origins of the Council

Origins of the Council

  • The Council was first established by Edward IV in 1472.
  • The Council was based in Yorkshire.
Reasons for Henry VII using the Council

Reasons for Henry VII using the Council

  • The Council of the North was used to maintain law and order (like the Council of Wales).
  • Henry VII was particularly concerned about gaining the allegiance of the North (the Yorkist stronghold).
Recreation under Henry VIII

Recreation under Henry VIII

  • Following the Pilgrimage of Grace, the Council of the North had a renewed importance.
  • Henry VIII hoped that the Council would help reduce resistance to the Reformation.
  • The Council was responsible for serving justice in the area.
Council of the North under Elizabeth I

Council of the North under Elizabeth I

  • From 1572, it was led by the Earl of Huntingdon, a committed Protestant. He took over from the Earl of Sussex.
  • Huntingdon took over after the Northern Rebellion and Ridolfi plot. He made sure increasingly harsh measures suppressing Catholics were implemented.
Jump to other topics
1

Monarch & Government

1.1

Tudor Monarchs

1.1.1Henry VII1.1.2Henry VIII1.1.3Edward VI1.1.4Mary I1.1.5Elizabeth I1.1.6Succession Disputes
1.2

Changing Role of Parliament

1.2.1Parliament & Henry VII1.2.2Parliament & Henry VIII1.2.3Parliament After the Reformation
1.3

Principal Servants to the Crown

1.3.1Principal Servants to the Crown
2

Religious Changes

2.1

Tudor Monarchs & Religious Change

2.1.1The Henrician Reformation2.1.2Impact of Religious Change Under Henry VIII2.1.3Religious Change Under Edward VI2.1.4Religious Change Under Mary I2.1.5Elizabethan Settlement
2.2

Catholicism & Survival

2.2.1Popular Attitudes to Catholicism2.2.2Catholicism Under Henry VIII2.2.3Catholicism Under Elizabeth I2.2.4Catholic Nobility
2.3

Protestantism & Puritanism

2.3.1Protestant Influences2.3.2Protestantism Under Edward VI2.3.3Protestantism Under Elizabeth I
3

State Control & Popular Resistance

3.1

Tudor Control of the Country

3.1.1Councils3.1.2Role of Nobility3.1.3Justices of the Peace3.1.4Lord Lieutenant
3.2

The State & the Poor

3.2.1Reasons for Growth of Poverty3.2.2Punishments for Paupers3.2.3Role of Charities
3.3

Resistance to Tudor Rule

3.3.1Resistance to Tax & Subsidies3.3.2Uprisings Against Henry VIII3.3.3Uprisings Against Edward VI3.3.4Uprisings Against Elizabeth I3.3.5Decline of Popular Resistance
4

Economic, Social & Cultural Change

4.1

Patterns of Domestic & Foreign Trade

4.1.1Wool & Cloth4.1.2Exploration & Trade
4.2

Changing Structure of Society

4.2.1Population4.2.2Dissolution of Monasteries4.2.3Enclosure
4.3

Cultural Change

4.3.1Education & Literature4.3.2Impact of Religious Change4.3.3Patronage4.3.4The Arts4.3.5Cult of Gloriana
5

Historical Interpretations

5.1

Significance of Threats to National Security

5.1.1Spain5.1.2The Spanish Armada5.1.3Ireland
5.2

Court Politics

5.2.1Court Factions5.2.2Essex's Rebellion
5.3

Elizabeth & Parliament

5.3.1Conflict with Parliament
5.4

Social Distress in the 1590s

5.4.1Social Distress in the 1590s

Practice questions on Councils

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    When did the remit of the Council expand to include maintaining law in Wales?Multiple choice
  2. 2
    Who was president of the Council of Wales and the Marches under Henry VIII?Multiple choice
  3. 3
    Where was the Council of the North based?Multiple choice
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Protestantism Under Elizabeth I

Role of Nobility