4.1.18

Bitwise Manipulation - Shifts

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Bitwise Manipulation - Shifts

Bitwise manipulation is the act of modifying data by changing the bits within individual bytes.

Logical shift right

Logical shift right

  • A logical shift right moves each of the bits in a byte one place to the right.
  • The ‘least significant bit’ (LSB) on the right is lost and the empty space for the ‘most significant bit’ (MSB) is filled with a ‘0’.
    • For example, 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 →\rightarrow 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
  • A logical shift right is identified with a triple chevron ‘>>>’.
Logical shift left

Logical shift left

  • A logical shift left moves each of the bits in a byte one place to the left.
  • The MSB on the left is lost and the empty space for the LSB is filled with a ‘0’.
    • For example: 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 →\rightarrow 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
  • A logical shift left is identified with a ‘<<<’.
Arithmetic shift right

Arithmetic shift right

  • Arithmetic shifts are almost the same as logical shifts, except the MSB is a sign bit and always remains the same.
  • An arithmetic shift right has the following result:
    • 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 →\rightarrow 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
    • This has the effect of dividing the original number by 2.
  • An arithmetic shift right is identified with a '>>'.
Arithmetic shift left

Arithmetic shift left

  • An arithmetic shift left has the following result:
    • 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 →\rightarrow 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
    • This has the effect of multiplying the original number by 2.
  • An arithmetic shift left is identified with a '<<'.
Circular shift

Circular shift

  • With a right circular shift, the same procedure applies.
  • However, instead of losing the LSB in a right shift, it ‘wraps around’ and becomes the MSB.
    • 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 →\rightarrow 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
  • Similarly, with a left circular shift, the MSB becomes the new LSB.
    • 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 →\rightarrow 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
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Components of a Computer

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Structure & Function of the Processor

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1.2

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Software Development

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Types of Programming Language

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Exchanging Data

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Compression, Encryption & Hashing

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Databases

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Networks

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Web Technologies

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Data Types

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4.2

Data Structures

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Boolean Algebra

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Computing Related Legislation

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Moral & Ethical Issues

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6

Elements of Computational Thinking

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Thinking Abstractly

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Thinking Ahead

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6.3

Thinking Procedurally

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Thinking Logically

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Thinking Concurrently

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Problem Solving & Programming

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Programming Techniques

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Programming Construction

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8

Algorithms

8.1

Algorithms

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Practice questions on Bitwise Manipulation - Shifts

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    Perform a right circular shift on 11011010:Multiple choice
  2. 2
    Perform a logical shift left on 00011001:Multiple choice
  3. 3
    Perform an arithmetic shift left on 11101011:Multiple choice
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Floating Point Subtraction

Bitwise Manipulation - Masks