Germany’s Allies
History: Cambridge International GCSE The Twentieth Century (Option B), topic 1.3.2
What Happened to Germany’s Allies?
The Allies of Germany were also treated harshly, although not as harshly as Germany.
The Treaty of St Germain
- In the Treaty of St Germain 1919, Austria lost land to Romania and Italy.
- Land was taken away from Austria, to form new countries such as Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia.
- Austria was asked to pay reparations but this wasn’t enforced.
- The size of their army was reduced to 35,000 men.
- Austria wasn’t allowed a navy.
The Treaty of Neuilly
- In the Treaty of Neuilly, Bulgaria lost land to Greece although Bulgaria gained land from Turkey.
- Bulgaria's army was limited and they weren’t allowed an air force.
The Treaty of Trianon
- In the Treaty of Trianon (1920), Hungary lost land, which was given to new countries like Czechoslovakia.
- Again, Hungary's army was limited to 35,000 men and they were asked to pay reparations (although they were never collected).
The Treaty of Sevres, 1920
The Allies of Germany were also treated harshly, although not as harshly as Germany.
Territory
- In the Treaty of Sevres (1920), Turkey lost land to Greece.
- In fact, Turkey lost all of the land that they had held in Europe.
Arms
- Turkey had to cut the size of their armed forces to 50,000 men.
- Turkey was allowed an army, although it was restricted and their navy was only allowed to have sailboats and 6 torpedo boats.
Sea access
- Turkey also had to give access to their sea so that Europe could pass through and trade.
- The Ottoman Empire (which included Turkey) was split up.
Outrage
- This treaty was met with outrage and in fact, the Turkish people overthrew their government in response to the agreement of the treaty.
- The government that was set up in its place negotiated with Britain and a new treaty was drawn up: the Treaty of Lausanne.
The Treaty of Lausanne (1923)
- The Treaty of Lausanne stated that Turkey didn’t have to pay back reparations.
- The Treaty of Lausanne allowed Turkey to take back some of its land from Greece.
- Turkey also gained back control over its armed forces.
Why was Sevres significant?
- At this early stage of new world peace Turkey refusing to stick to the terms of the Treaty showed the world that they didn’t have to do what the Allies said.
- This meant that in the future other leaders or countries could do the same.
- Because of this, the Allies were incentivised to create the new Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
Test yourself on Germany’s Allies
Which treaty limited Hungary's army to 35,000 men?
Which treaty limited Austria's army to 35,000 men?
When was the Treaty of Sevres signed?