Paper & Board: Modification of Materials
Design & Technology: AQA GCSE, topic 2.5.2
Modification of Materials
It is important to understand the modifications that materials go through in order to improve and make informed decisions about material selection.

Additives
- Additives are an important addition to paper as a material.
- Without additives, we are left with materials in a less enhanced state.

CMC
- CMC (Carboxymethyl cellulose) is an additive used to aid in the bonding of fibres.
- Soda ash is added to ensure that the strong bast fibres remain which occurs due to the non-cellulose parts being dissolved.
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What does CMC stand for?