Energy Storage Systems

Design & Technology: AQA GCSE, topic 1.2.3

Energy that is not needed at the time of generation needs to be stored. This can be done in different ways.

Kinetic pumped storage systems use the energy from motion to generate power.
Kinetic pumped storage systems have two reservoirs of water and a hydroelectric dam.

When the demand for electricity is high, the dam is opened and water from the top reservoir passes through turbines to the lower reservoir, generating electricity.
When the demand for additional electricity is less, the dam is closed and the water is pumped back up to the top reservoir and stored for future use.

Batteries are electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electricity.
Battery technology is constantly improving and batteries can now last longer and have reduced in size.

Alkaline batteries come in different sizes and voltages.
Alkaline batteries can be found in electronic devices such as torches, clocks and children’s toys.
Alkaline batteries are mainly single-use and can be recycled through collection schemes when used.
Alkaline batteries are now more commonly used than previous acid-based batteries as they keep their charge for longer.
Alkaline batteries have a long shelf life so can be stored for years unused with minimal loss of energy.

Rechargeable batteries can be reused.
Many can be removed from devices enabling them to be charged when not in use.
Used to power small electronic devices and large vehicles.
Although the initial cost is higher some can be recharged around 1,000 times, saving the consumer money.
Positive environmental impact as less waste goes to landfill and fewer materials and processes are used in the manufacture of more batteries.

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