1.2.2

The 1905 Revolution & the October Manifesto

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The 1905 Revolution

Tensions in Russia reached a particularly tricky point in 1905. An uprising against the Tsar in 1905 very nearly turned into a revolution.

Russo-Japanese War

Russo-Japanese War

  • Nicholas II lost the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The battles mainly took place in the province of Manchuria and in Korea.
  • This fuelled people's view that he was a weak leader.
Peaceful demonstrators

Peaceful demonstrators

  • At a demonstration led by a priest, Father Gapon, Tsar Nicholas II ordered his Cossack forces to fire on the peaceful workers' protest, killing many of them.
  • This caused widespread rioting and striking.
  • Every electricity worker in Moscow and St Petersberg went on strike in response to the killings.
  • On the battleship, 'Potemkin' sailors rebelled.
  • Workers and sailors organised themselves into 'Soviets' to represent their interests.
Result

Result

  • Nicholas was almost overthrown, but managed to hold on to power.
  • He created the Shidlovsky Commission to pacify workers and also published the October Manifesto.

The October Manifesto

The tsar was forced to compromise after the uprisings of 1905. He laid out his reforms in the October Manifesto.

The Duma

The Duma

  • To please the liberals, the tsar allowed the formation of a parliament, called the Duma.
  • This was the tsar's main attempt to restore order.
    • But on the 8th of July 1906, after the Duma had been running 2 months, the tsar quickly dissolved the Duma because it was too radical.
Additional reforms

Additional reforms

  • The Shidlovsky Commission was created to try to improve the lives of workers. The tsar cut taxes for the poorest people in Russia.
  • He also had the Okhrana (secret police) find and arrest revolutionaries.
Jump to other topics
1

The End of Tsardom

1.1

Russia's Economy & Society

1.1.1Industrialisation1.1.2Living & Working Conditions
1.2

Nicholas II's Autocracy & the Court

1.2.1Growth of Revolutionary Opposition1.2.2The 1905 Revolution & the October Manifesto1.2.3Reforming Russia Before 1914 - Stolypin1.2.4The Duma & Political Stalemate
1.3

The First World War

1.3.1The Impact of Military Defeats1.3.2Social & Economic Effects of WW11.3.3Romanov Unpopularity1.3.4The Tsar's Abdication1.3.5Top Grade AO2/3 - The End of Tsardom
2

Lenin's New Society

2.1

The Provisional Government

2.1.1The Failure of the Government2.1.2Social & Economic Problems2.1.3Lenin & Trotsky2.1.4The Growth of the Bolsheviks2.1.5The October / November Revolution2.1.6Top Grade AO2/3 - The Provisional Government
2.2

The Impact of Lenin's Dictatorship

2.2.1The End of the First World War2.2.2The Cheka2.2.3Red Terror & Centralisation2.2.4The Civil War & The Red Army2.2.5Propaganda2.2.6Top Grade AO2/3 - Early Bolshevism & the Civil War
2.3

Social & Economic Developments

2.3.1War Communism2.3.2The Kronstadt Rising2.3.3The New Economic Policy (NEP)2.3.4The Achievements of Lenin & Trotsky2.3.5Top Grade AO2/3 - Social & Economic Developments
3

Stalin's USSR

3.1

Stalin the Dictator

3.1.1The Power Struggle to Succeed Lenin3.1.2The Communist Party & Government3.1.3The Terror & the Purges3.1.4The Secret Police3.1.5Cult of Personality3.1.6Propaganda & Censorship under Stalin3.1.7Top Grade AO2/3 - Stalin's Dictatorship
3.2

Stalin's Modernisation of the USSR

3.2.1Collectivisation3.2.2Five Year Plans3.2.3Social & Economic Consequences3.2.4Social & Economic Consequences 23.2.5The Extent of Modernisation
3.3

Impact of the Second World War

3.3.1Stalin's Wartime Leadership3.3.2Political, Economic & Social Consequences of War3.3.3Top Grade AO2/3 - Modernisation of the USSR

Practice questions on The 1905 Revolution & the October Manifesto

Can you answer these? Test yourself with free interactive practice on Seneca — used by over 10 million students.

  1. 1
    Which war did Russia lose in 1904?Multiple choice
  2. 2
    Who led the peaceful workers' demonstration in 1905?Multiple choice
  3. 3
    What happened to the crowd of demonstrators in 1905?Fill in the list
  4. 4
    How did Nicholas II respond to the uprising?Multiple choice
  5. 5
    What was the tsar's aim in creating the duma?Multiple choice
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Growth of Revolutionary Opposition

Reforming Russia Before 1914 - Stolypin