Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-5-stages-of-development [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [Teacher CPD](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd.md) › [CPD for Primary: Children's Language Development - Seneca Certified](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified.md) › Stages of Development # Stages of Development CPD for Primary: Children's Language Development (by Tom Hollins), topic 1.1.5 ## The Stages of Development Here are the stages of development of a child: ### The Holophrastic Stage ![The Holophrastic Stage](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/f1b82fbe-733f-44c5-9934-49b4b4719345/shutterstock_434814523.jpg) - The Holophrastic Stage denotes the period of time when children speak using single words (or holophrases). - Generally speaking, this happens between 9-18 months. The holophrases are predominately (but not always) nouns. - The holophrases will often encompass many meanings and moods. For example, juice could mean: - Can I have some juice? (Interrogative) - Give me juice! (Imperative) - There’s the juice. (declarative) ### The Two-Word Stage ![The Two-Word Stage](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/e74981c0-3bec-4d09-804f-30eaebb6775d/2-two-number-.jpg) - Often confused with the Telegraphic Stage, this stage denotes utterances of two words only. - This stage occurs between 18 and 24 months. - Other word classes start to emerge, but nouns still dominate. - Syntax is explored (correctly). - Subject-verb (__‘Robin jump’__). - Verb-object (__‘jump dog’__). - Noun phrases (pre-mod adj + noun – __‘big dog’__). - Inflections are not applied to verbs. ### Telegraphic Stage ![Telegraphic Stage](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/7.5.1%20-%20Food%20Production/nofood-min.jpg) - The Telegraphic Stage denotes when a child is speaking using utterances with just enough information. This word __‘telegraphic’__ stems from the word __‘telegram’__. - Roughly occurs between 24 and 30 months. - A wider range of word classes are acquired (particularly pronouns, followed by determiners and prepositions). - For example: - __‘Rory want food’__. - __‘This coat all wet’__. ### 2.5-5 years ![2.5-5 years](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/dac09373-976c-4f38-bf17-533dc15912e9/girl-child-.jpg) - From 2.5 years old onwards, there is rapid expansion through to 5 years old. In particular, more frequent adjectives. - Between 3-5 years, the child enters the complex utterance stage (sometimes referred to as the Post-telegraphic Stage). - This includes time features, contracted negatives and increasingly accurate inflections. ### Negation ![Negation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/1.1.1%20-%20Types%20of%20cells/no-entry-706905_640-min.jpg) - Within the acquisition of language and word order, a child quickly learns to use negations. - Between being Holophrastic and Two Word, the child starts to front negatives like __‘no like that’__. - As we approach the Telegraphic stage, the child is starting to place negatives before the main verb like __‘don’t like you’__. - Past this, negation is almost always correct and errors tend to be virtuous. ## Stages of Development - David Crystal __David Crystal__ states that children will have the following linguistic abilities at their disposal at these ages: ### Up to 1 years old ![Up to 1 years old](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/43bb0acf-0875-4ec4-8b5d-0d4851954e52/scribble-.png) - __'Scribble talk’__ – sounds like adult speech, but has no meaning. ### 1 year, 8 months old ![1 year, 8 months old](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/8758e4da-3e5c-4615-8f23-eaf083d9564f/50-.png) - Around 50 words in their lexicon. - Littered with reduplication and overextension. ### 2 years old ![2 years old](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/46e9fcc3-a652-4996-9ddd-f148e5cbc1cd/300-number-.png) - Inflections are emerging, but are insecure. - Around 300 words known. - Object permanence emerges. This is the understanding that objects exist even when you can't see them. ### 3 years old ![3 years old](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/400195bf-0835-46c2-8e70-d467381a504b/mouse-animal-.jpg) - Up to 10 words are being used per sentence utterance. - Vocabulary is too big and varied to accurately estimate. - Irregular verbs and nouns cause problems (e.g. __'run'__ and __'mouse'__). - Parataxis (repeated use of coordinating conjunctions like __‘and’__) begins to be used. - Multiple negation/double negatives start to happen – the child does not grasp that negatives cancel each other out. - Contractions begin to be used. ## Test yourself on Stages of Development - Stages of Linguistic Development - Childhood Stages of Linguistic Development - David Crystal - At what age does object permanence emerge? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/8ba0c8b1-9e90-4088-8dd8-d20e52cdbc5b/section/e6182078-b6c6-407e-bfd8-d2feaf7ac878/session) - Previous topic: [1.1.4 Lexical Development](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-4-lexical-development.md) - Next topic: [1.1.6 Grammatical Constructions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-6-grammatical-constructions.md) ## CPD for Primary: Children's Language Development (by Tom Hollins) contents ### 1 Children's Language Development - 1.1 Stages of Development - [1.1.1 A Child's First Year & Consonant Acquisition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-1-a-childs-first-year-and-consonant-acquisition.md) - [1.1.2 Consonant Acquisition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-2-consonant-acquisition.md) - [1.1.3 Beginning Stages of Language](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-3-beginning-stages-of-language.md) - [1.1.4 Lexical Development](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-4-lexical-development.md) - [1.1.5 Stages of Development](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-5-stages-of-development.md) - [1.1.6 Grammatical Constructions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-1-6-grammatical-constructions.md) - 1.2 Theories of Language Development - [1.2.1 Behaviourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-2-1-behaviourism.md) - [1.2.2 Interactionism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-2-2-interactionism.md) - [1.2.3 Interactionism 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-2-3-interactionism-2.md) - [1.2.4 Nativism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-2-4-nativism.md) - [1.2.5 Chomsky](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-2-5-chomsky.md) - [1.2.6 Cognitivism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-2-6-cognitivism.md) - [1.2.7 Social Constructionism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-for-primary-childrens-language-development-seneca-certified/1-2-7-social-constructionism.md)