Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-2-1-design-guide [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [Teacher CPD](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd.md) › [CPD: Dual Coding by Oliver Caviglioli](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli.md) › Design Guide # Design Guide CPD: Dual Coding (by Oliver Caviglioli), topic 1.2.1 ## Four Principles for Dual Coding Focus the development of your dual coded creations on these four design principles, applicable to all visual formats. ### Chunk ![Chunk](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/bb4c87a6-5ad7-4971-ad84-9fbc9dc6cf89/magazine-.jpg) - When planning your page, we have our ideas organised into chunks and plans. - However, such plans are rarely transported into the final page layout. This leaves the reader with an exercise in re-engineering our original thoughts. - Why not help the reader by making these chunks visually explicit? - Like a magazine page, the thumbnail shows a box, paragraph titles, along with different column numbers. - This makes the page both more attractive and easier to navigate. ### Align ![Align](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA%20New%20Modules/1.6.1/straight%20line%20a%20to%20b.jpg) - Our eyes and minds constantly search for patterns. Magazine and newspaper pages are all constructed around an invisible grid. - However, many teachers try to be artistic by introducing what appears to be a random placement of elements on a page, which is a major handicap in the effectiveness of its communication. - Alignment can immediately transform the quality of your page and slide designs. ### Restrain ![Restrain](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-08/ceec0a51-33fc-4c62-b098-9e589f0a2be2/nail-computer-woman-.jpg) - Many teachers have a tendency for a profusion of fancy fonts and colours. - It may seem counter-intuitive, but executing restraint will greatly enhance your creations. - Use only one or two typefaces. - When two are chosen, ensure one is sans serif and one serif. - Make their use consistent. - Instead of having a large block of colour with text on top, leave it black and white with a small graphic element to denote any colour key you are using. ### Cut ![Cut](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/6c05811f-40b1-4b00-b9a3-804ff2ba1f67/Wrong-Incorrect-Not-No.jpg) - Try to **not** make the most common graphic mistakes that teachers make in constructing documents or slides. - These are: - Minimal margins all round, way too-long columns, insufficient spacing between lines of text, an unpleasant and overly decorative typeface, a lack of titles for paragraphs, a hidden hierarchy. ## Test yourself on Design Guide - Which of these should you NOT do when preparing slides and documents? - Which of these is NOT a common graphic mistake on a document or slide? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/9375f141-2704-49d8-a754-e142c7aad967/section/08bb6f43-febe-4056-aef1-b3ca6a9f5341/session) - Previous topic: [1.1.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-1-2-to-try-in-class.md) - Next topic: [1.2.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-2-2-to-try-in-class.md) ## CPD: Dual Coding (by Oliver Caviglioli) contents ### 1 Dual Coding With Teachers - 1.1 The Limitations of Working Memory - [1.1.1 The Limitations of Working Memory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-1-1-the-limitations-of-working-memory.md) - [1.1.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-1-2-to-try-in-class.md) - 1.2 Design Guide - [1.2.1 Design Guide](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-2-1-design-guide.md) - [1.2.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-2-2-to-try-in-class.md) - 1.3 Pen Craft - [1.3.1 Pen Craft](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-3-1-pen-craft.md) - [1.3.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-3-2-to-try-in-class.md) - 1.4 Slides - [1.4.1 Slides](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-4-1-slides.md) - [1.4.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-4-2-to-try-in-class.md) - 1.5 Documents - [1.5.1 Documents](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-5-1-documents.md) - [1.5.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-5-2-to-try-in-class.md) - 1.6 Displays - [1.6.1 Displays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-6-1-displays.md) - [1.6.2 To Try in Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-dual-coding-by-oliver-caviglioli/1-6-2-to-try-in-class.md)