Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/1-1-1-overview-of-memory

[Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [Teacher CPD](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd.md) › [CPD: Cognitive Science for Teachers - Seneca Certified Educator](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator.md) › Overview of Memory

# Overview of Memory

CPD: Cognitive Science Level 1, topic 1.1.1

## What is Memory?

Here are two great definitions of memory.

### University College London definition

![University College London definition](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/0342cd95-7292-4ba9-9b49-9c93bf24f939/university-105709_1920.jpg)

- The process of taking in information from the outside world, storing it in the brain, and later recalling the information to answer a question, solve a problem, make a decision or do something else.

### Psychology Today definition

![Psychology Today definition](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/8.3.2%20Identifying%20ions%202/dictionary-1619740_640-min.jpg)

- Without memory, it is not possible to learn new things, form long-lasting relationships or function in normal situations.
- Memory allows our brain to encode, store and retrieve pieces of information.

## Emotional Memory

Emotion is a powerful modulator of memory. We remember emotional events more than neutral events.

### Amygdala

![Amygdala](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)

- In the brain, the main structure involved in emotions is called the amygdala. 
- The amygdala influences memory processing in other brain areas, such as the hippocampus.

### Stages of memory

![Stages of memory](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/b5c91df7-4a07-4592-8e7d-c987f8474797/nerve-neuron-cells.jpg)

- Emotions can affect all of the stages of memory processing.
 - Encoding.
 - Consolidation.
 - Retrieval.
 - Reconsolidation.

### Children

![Children](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/2d31ffdf-b0d5-4c2f-b11c-5ccf27f9e873/children-602967_1920.jpg)

- Research shows that children usually have stronger memories of positive events.
- Positive emotions, like laughter or joy can help children to memorise details of events or other important knowledge.

### Curiosity

![Curiosity](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/09/16/19/47/children-183007__340.jpg)

- Anticipation or curiosity before learning new content can also improve students' memory.
- Using students' natural curiosity seems to be a good way to help them learn information.

## Test yourself on Overview of Memory

- **Without memory, it is not possible to learn new things, form long-lasting relationships or function in normal situations. Memory allows our brain to encode, store and retrieve pieces of information.**

Whose definition of memory is this?
- What can be said about the use of the word "memory"?
- Emotional events are usually remembered...
- What has research shown in relation to emotional memory in children?Click the correct statements.
- What are the four stages of memory processing that are influenced by emotions?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/9f6bf15c-23fe-401c-810a-3bc66d761885/section/54eabae4-703d-4d82-babf-d378a7fb5ca0/session)

- Next topic: [1.1.2 Memory Processing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/1-1-2-memory-processing.md)

## CPD: Cognitive Science Level 1 contents

### 1 Memory
- 1.1 Memory Processing
  - [1.1.1 Overview of Memory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/1-1-1-overview-of-memory.md)
  - [1.1.2 Memory Processing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/1-1-2-memory-processing.md)
- 1.2 Types of Memory
  - [1.2.1 Types of Memory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/1-2-1-types-of-memory.md)
  - [1.2.2 Working Memory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/1-2-2-working-memory.md)

### 2 How Do We Learn?
- 2.1 Neural Model of Learning
  - [2.1.1 Neural Model of Learning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/2-1-1-neural-model-of-learning.md)
  - [2.1.2 Desirable Difficulties](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/2-1-2-desirable-difficulties.md)
  - [2.1.3 The Forgetting Curve](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/2-1-3-the-forgetting-curve.md)

### 3 Cognitive Load Theory
- 3.1 CLT
  - [3.1.1 CLT](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/3-1-1-clt.md)
  - [3.1.2 Background Knowledge](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/3-1-2-background-knowledge.md)

### 4 Effective Strategies
- 4.1 Rosenshine's Principles
  - [4.1.1 Rosenshine's Top 1-5](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/4-1-1-rosenshines-top-1-5.md)
  - [4.1.2 Rosenshine's 6-10](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/4-1-2-rosenshines-6-10.md)
- 4.2 Dunlosky's Strategies
  - [4.2.1 Dunlosky's Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/4-2-1-dunloskys-strategies.md)
- 4.3 Dylan Wiliam
  - [4.3.1 Dylan Wiliam](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/4-3-1-dylan-wiliam.md)
- 4.4 Daniel Willingham
  - [4.4.1 Daniel Willingham](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/4-4-1-daniel-willingham.md)
- 4.5 The Learning Scientists
  - [4.5.1 The Learning Scientists](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/4-5-1-the-learning-scientists.md)
  - [4.5.2 Practical Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/teacher-cpd/cpd-cognitive-science-for-teachers-seneca-certified-educator/4-5-2-practical-ideas.md)