Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-11-3-idiomatic-expressions [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [KS3](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3.md) › [English](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english.md) › [English: KS3 Spelling, Punctuation & Grammar](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar.md) › Idiomatic Expressions # Idiomatic Expressions English Language: KS3, topic 3.11.3 ## Idioms An idiom is an expression in a language that everyone understands but doesn’t make any literal sense. The words or ideas contained in them are hard to interpret unless someone explains them to you. ### How common are idioms? ![How common are idioms?](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-07/8f6dcc9e-3d30-4a62-bc84-35399e5ba8f8/-confused-.jpg) - There are hundreds of examples of idioms used in English. - The meaning of an idiom often cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words used. - This means that idioms have to be learned. Usually, we pick them up by listening to people use them in speech or by seeing them in books, adverts or on the internet. ### Why use idioms? ![Why use idioms?](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-07/90d713fd-9308-41c8-9fec-a892e7ca83fc/writing-.jpg) - Using an idiom in your writing can: - Help to engage the reader. - Add impact to your writing. - Express a very specific meaning which is difficult to get across without an idiom. ### Idioms as metaphors ![Idioms as metaphors](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-07/d00d1d37-1038-47c9-a8f9-568df89b39b0/book-notepad-.jpg) - Idioms are metaphors. - They provide an alternative way of thinking about something, and their use makes our language interesting. ## Examples of Idioms Here are some examples of some common idiomatic expressions: ### ‘It’s raining cats and dogs’ ![‘It’s raining cats and dogs’](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-07/3e07a77f-b826-4d9b-b5a9-f46616fad51b/cat-dog-jpg.jpg) - This does NOT mean that cats and dogs are falling out of the sky! - This means that it is raining very hard. ### 'It cost an arm and a leg' !['It cost an arm and a leg'](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/b02727f5-9f40-44d6-9ea2-e8286ebc416b/cheap-expensive-.jpg) - This does NOT mean that something cost two limbs to purchase! - This means that something was extremely expensive. ### 'To get cold feet' !['To get cold feet'](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-07/59609a18-8c3b-43bc-9e24-0a0fdf5b99ce/cold-mountains-feet-.jpg) - This does NOT mean to have cold feet. - This means to become nervous. For example, you could say 'I've got cold feet ahead of my wedding next week.' ### 'To kill two birds with one stone’ !['To kill two birds with one stone’](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/06e7418a-4de0-4179-8747-7c255a91df20/shutterstock_61350838.jpg) - This does NOT mean to grab a stone, throw it and happen to kill two birds at once. - This means to achieve two results in one action. ### ‘It was a blessing in disguise’ ![‘It was a blessing in disguise’](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-07/298a33ca-97bf-4bf3-b50e-5f38be1578a6/disguise-.jpg) - This means that even though the outcome initially seemed bad, something good came from it. ### 'She was over the moon' !['She was over the moon'](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-07/ed6011b1-5a94-4b87-892d-16243002fa4f/-moon-3.jpg) - This does NOT mean that she was travelling in space! - This means that she was extremely happy. ## Test yourself on Idiomatic Expressions - What is the best way to understand how to use idioms well? - What is the correct meaning of the following idiom? __'She was over the moon'__ - What is the correct meaning of the following idiom? __'It was a blessing in disguise'__ [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/6c0b90f2-cf0c-474d-b0fe-28043a3c1b5c/section/46f2584d-45e6-463d-a651-8ac37d458cd3/session) - Previous topic: [3.11.2 Active & Passive Voice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-11-2-active-and-passive-voice.md) - Next topic: [3.11.4 End of Topic Test - Language Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-11-4-end-of-topic-test-language-techniques.md) ## English Language: KS3 contents ### 1 Spelling - 1.1 Spelling - [1.1.1 Hard 'U' & 'I' Sounds](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-1-hard-u-and-i-sounds.md) - [1.1.2 Words Ending in '-sure', & '-mure'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-2-words-ending-in-sure-and-mure.md) - [1.1.3 Words Ending in '-sion'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-3-words-ending-in-sion.md) - [1.1.4 'Ei', 'Eigh' & 'Ey' Spellings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-4-ei-eigh-and-ey-spellings.md) - [1.1.5 Spelling Words with 'Ch'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-5-spelling-words-with-ch.md) - [1.1.6 Spelling Words with 'Sc'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-6-spelling-words-with-sc.md) - [1.1.7 Silent Letters](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-7-silent-letters.md) - [1.1.8 i Before e Rule](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-8-i-before-e-rule.md) - [1.1.9 Hard & Soft 'c' Sounds](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-9-hard-and-soft-c-sounds.md) - [1.1.10 End of Topic Test - Spelling](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-1-10-end-of-topic-test-spelling.md) - 1.2 Prefixes - [1.2.1 'Anti-' & 'Auto-'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-2-1-anti-and-auto.md) - [1.2.2 Not & 'Inter-'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-2-2-not-and-inter.md) - [1.2.3 'Mis-', 'Dis-' & 'Re-'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-2-3-mis-dis-and-re.md) - [1.2.4 'Sub-' & 'Super-'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-2-4-sub-and-super.md) - [1.2.5 End of Topic Test - Prefixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-2-5-end-of-topic-test-prefixes.md) - 1.3 Suffixes - [1.3.1 Vowel Suffixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-1-vowel-suffixes.md) - [1.3.2 Short Vowel Suffixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-2-short-vowel-suffixes.md) - [1.3.3 Suffixes: '-ous'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-3-suffixes-ous.md) - [1.3.4 Rules for Suffixes: '-ous'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-4-rules-for-suffixes-ous.md) - [1.3.5 Rules for Suffixes: '-ous' 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-5-rules-for-suffixes-ous-2.md) - [1.3.6 Suffixes: '-ly'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-6-suffixes-ly.md) - [1.3.7 Suffixes: '-ation'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-7-suffixes-ation.md) - [1.3.8 Suffixes: '-ation' 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-8-suffixes-ation-2.md) - [1.3.9 Spelling: '-tion' Endings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-9-spelling-tion-endings.md) - [1.3.10 Spelling: '-sion' Endings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-10-spelling-sion-endings.md) - [1.3.11 Spelling: '-ssion' Endings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-11-spelling-ssion-endings.md) - [1.3.12 Spelling: '-cian' Endings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-12-spelling-cian-endings.md) - [1.3.13 End of Topic Test - Suffixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-13-end-of-topic-test-suffixes.md) - [1.3.14 End of Topic Test - Spelling](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-3-14-end-of-topic-test-spelling.md) - 1.4 Making Words Plural - [1.4.1 Plurals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-4-1-plurals.md) - [1.4.2 End of Topic Test - Plurals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-4-2-end-of-topic-test-plurals.md) - 1.5 Homophones - [1.5.1 Accept & Except](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-1-accept-and-except.md) - [1.5.2 Affect & Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-2-affect-and-effect.md) - [1.5.3 Ball & Bawl](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-3-ball-and-bawl.md) - [1.5.4 Berry & Bury](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-4-berry-and-bury.md) - [1.5.5 Brake & Break](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-5-brake-and-break.md) - [1.5.6 Fair & Fare](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-6-fair-and-fare.md) - [1.5.7 Grate & Great](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-7-grate-and-great.md) - [1.5.8 Groan & Grown](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-8-groan-and-grown.md) - [1.5.9 Hear & Here](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-9-hear-and-here.md) - [1.5.10 Heal, Heel & He'll](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-10-heal-heel-and-hell.md) - [1.5.11 Knot & Not](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-11-knot-and-not.md) - [1.5.12 Mail & Male](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-12-mail-and-male.md) - [1.5.13 Main & Mane](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-13-main-and-mane.md) - [1.5.14 Meat & Meet](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-14-meat-and-meet.md) - [1.5.15 Medal & Meddle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-15-medal-and-meddle.md) - [1.5.16 Missed & Mist](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-16-missed-and-mist.md) - [1.5.17 Peace & Piece](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-17-peace-and-piece.md) - [1.5.18 Plain & Plane](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-18-plain-and-plane.md) - [1.5.19 Rain & Reign & Rein](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-19-rain-and-reign-and-rein.md) - [1.5.20 Scene & Seen](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-20-scene-and-seen.md) - [1.5.21 Weather & Whether](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-21-weather-and-whether.md) - [1.5.22 Whose & Who's](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-22-whose-and-whos.md) - [1.5.23 End of Topic Test - Homophones](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-23-end-of-topic-test-homophones.md) - [1.5.24 End of Topic Test - Homophones 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-24-end-of-topic-test-homophones-2.md) - [1.5.25 End of Topic Test - Homophones 3](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-5-25-end-of-topic-test-homophones-3.md) - 1.6 Word Meanings - [1.6.1 Homonyms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-6-1-homonyms.md) - [1.6.2 End of Topic Test - Homonyms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/1-6-2-end-of-topic-test-homonyms.md) ### 2 Punctuation - 2.1 Punctuation - [2.1.1 Full Stops](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-1-full-stops.md) - [2.1.2 Capital Letters](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-2-capital-letters.md) - [2.1.3 Commas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-3-commas.md) - [2.1.4 Commas 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-4-commas-2.md) - [2.1.5 Using Apostrophes with Regular Plurals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-5-using-apostrophes-with-regular-plurals.md) - [2.1.6 Using Apostrophes with Irregular Plurals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-6-using-apostrophes-with-irregular-plurals.md) - [2.1.7 Question Marks & Exclamation Marks](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-7-question-marks-and-exclamation-marks.md) - [2.1.8 Brackets](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-8-brackets.md) - [2.1.9 Dashes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-9-dashes.md) - [2.1.10 Colon](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-10-colon.md) - [2.1.11 Semi-Colon](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-11-semi-colon.md) - [2.1.12 Direct Speech](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-12-direct-speech.md) - [2.1.13 Indirect Speech](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-13-indirect-speech.md) - [2.1.14 Hyphens](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-14-hyphens.md) - [2.1.15 Ellipses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-15-ellipses.md) - [2.1.16 End of Topic Test - Punctuation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-16-end-of-topic-test-punctuation.md) - [2.1.17 End of Topic Test - Punctuation 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-1-17-end-of-topic-test-punctuation-2.md) - 2.2 Writing Structure - [2.2.1 Paragraphs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-2-1-paragraphs.md) - [2.2.2 Headings & Subheadings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-2-2-headings-and-subheadings.md) - [2.2.3 Columns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-2-3-columns.md) - [2.2.4 Bullets](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-2-4-bullets.md) - [2.2.5 Tables](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-2-5-tables.md) - [2.2.6 End of Topic Test - Writing Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/2-2-6-end-of-topic-test-writing-structure.md) ### 3 Grammar - 3.1 Word Classes - [3.1.1 Nouns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-1-nouns.md) - [3.1.2 Pronouns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-2-pronouns.md) - [3.1.3 Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-3-verbs.md) - [3.1.4 Adjectives & Adverbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-4-adjectives-and-adverbs.md) - [3.1.5 Qualifiers & Quantifiers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-5-qualifiers-and-quantifiers.md) - [3.1.6 Determiners](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-6-determiners.md) - [3.1.7 Prepositions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-7-prepositions.md) - [3.1.8 Synonyms & Antonyms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-8-synonyms-and-antonyms.md) - [3.1.9 End of Topic Test - Word Classes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-1-9-end-of-topic-test-word-classes.md) - 3.2 Conjunctions - [3.2.1 Coordinating Conjunctions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-2-1-coordinating-conjunctions.md) - [3.2.2 Subordinating Conjunctions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-2-2-subordinating-conjunctions.md) - [3.2.3 End of Topic Test - Conjunctions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-2-3-end-of-topic-test-conjunctions.md) - 3.3 Writing Coherently - [3.3.1 Building Cohesion in Writing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-3-1-building-cohesion-in-writing.md) - [3.3.2 Avoiding Ambiguity in Writing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-3-2-avoiding-ambiguity-in-writing.md) - [3.3.3 End of Topic Test - Cohesion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-3-3-end-of-topic-test-cohesion.md) - 3.4 Verbs - [3.4.1 Subject-verb Agreement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-4-1-subject-verb-agreement.md) - [3.4.2 End of Topic Test - Subject-verb](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-4-2-end-of-topic-test-subject-verb.md) - 3.5 Modal Verbs - [3.5.1 Modal Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-5-1-modal-verbs.md) - [3.5.2 Can & Could](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-5-2-can-and-could.md) - [3.5.3 May & Might](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-5-3-may-and-might.md) - [3.5.4 Should & Shall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-5-4-should-and-shall.md) - [3.5.5 Will & Would](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-5-5-will-and-would.md) - [3.5.6 Must & Have To](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-5-6-must-and-have-to.md) - [3.5.7 End of Topic Test - Modals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-5-7-end-of-topic-test-modals.md) - 3.6 Phrasal Verbs - [3.6.1 Phrasal Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-6-1-phrasal-verbs.md) - [3.6.2 End of Topic Test - Phrasal Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-6-2-end-of-topic-test-phrasal-verbs.md) - 3.7 Subjunctive Verbs - [3.7.1 Subjunctive Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-7-1-subjunctive-verbs.md) - [3.7.2 End of Topic Test - Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-7-2-end-of-topic-test-verbs.md) - 3.8 Sentences - [3.8.1 Subject of a Sentence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-1-subject-of-a-sentence.md) - [3.8.2 Object of a Sentence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-2-object-of-a-sentence.md) - [3.8.3 Main & Subordinate Clauses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-3-main-and-subordinate-clauses.md) - [3.8.4 Simple Sentences & Compound Sentences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-4-simple-sentences-and-compound-sentences.md) - [3.8.5 Complex Sentences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-5-complex-sentences.md) - [3.8.6 Relative Clauses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-6-relative-clauses.md) - [3.8.7 Relative Clauses Without Relative Pronouns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-7-relative-clauses-without-relative-pronouns.md) - [3.8.8 Participle Clauses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-8-participle-clauses.md) - [3.8.9 Run-on Sentences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-9-run-on-sentences.md) - [3.8.10 Sentence Functions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-10-sentence-functions.md) - [3.8.11 End of Topic Test - Sentences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-8-11-end-of-topic-test-sentences.md) - 3.9 Tenses - [3.9.1 Present Tense](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-9-1-present-tense.md) - [3.9.2 Past Tense](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-9-2-past-tense.md) - [3.9.3 Past Tense Using Have](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-9-3-past-tense-using-have.md) - [3.9.4 Future Tense](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-9-4-future-tense.md) - [3.9.5 Present vs Past vs Future](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-9-5-present-vs-past-vs-future.md) - [3.9.6 Continuity of Tenses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-9-6-continuity-of-tenses.md) - [3.9.7 End of Topic Test - Tenses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-9-7-end-of-topic-test-tenses.md) - 3.10 Adverbials - [3.10.1 Adverbial](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-10-1-adverbial.md) - [3.10.2 Saying Where & When](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-10-2-saying-where-and-when.md) - [3.10.3 Saying How Often](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-10-3-saying-how-often.md) - [3.10.4 Saying How & Why](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-10-4-saying-how-and-why.md) - [3.10.5 Using Commas for Fronted Adverbials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-10-5-using-commas-for-fronted-adverbials.md) - [3.10.6 End of Topic Test - Adverbials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-10-6-end-of-topic-test-adverbials.md) - 3.11 Language Techniques - [3.11.1 Figurative & Emotive Language](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-11-1-figurative-and-emotive-language.md) - [3.11.2 Active & Passive Voice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-11-2-active-and-passive-voice.md) - [3.11.3 Idiomatic Expressions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-11-3-idiomatic-expressions.md) - [3.11.4 End of Topic Test - Language Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/3-11-4-end-of-topic-test-language-techniques.md) ### 4 Decoding Words - 4.1 Common Word Roots - [4.1.1 Saving](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-1-saving.md) - [4.1.2 Certainty & Clarity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-2-certainty-and-clarity.md) - [4.1.3 New & Alone](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-3-new-and-alone.md) - [4.1.4 Believing & Thinking](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-4-believing-and-thinking.md) - [4.1.5 Carrying & Leading](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-5-carrying-and-leading.md) - [4.1.6 Shape & Place](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-6-shape-and-place.md) - [4.1.7 Doing & Making](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-7-doing-and-making.md) - [4.1.8 Climbing & Going](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-8-climbing-and-going.md) - [4.1.9 End of Topic Test - Common Root Words](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-9-end-of-topic-test-common-root-words.md) - [4.1.10 End of Topic Test - Common Root Words 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-1-10-end-of-topic-test-common-root-words-2.md) - 4.2 Common Prefixes - [4.2.1 For & Against](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-1-for-and-against.md) - [4.2.2 All & Same](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-2-all-and-same.md) - [4.2.3 Away & Far](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-3-away-and-far.md) - [4.2.4 Colour & Shape](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-4-colour-and-shape.md) - [4.2.5 Back & Down](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-5-back-and-down.md) - [4.2.6 Numbers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-6-numbers.md) - [4.2.7 Across & Through](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-7-across-and-through.md) - [4.2.8 Life & Earth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-8-life-and-earth.md) - [4.2.9 Empty & Broken](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-9-empty-and-broken.md) - [4.2.10 Great & Greater](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-10-great-and-greater.md) - [4.2.11 Hearing & Speaking](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-11-hearing-and-speaking.md) - [4.2.12 Apart & Together](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-12-apart-and-together.md) - [4.2.13 Over & Under](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-13-over-and-under.md) - [4.2.14 In](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-14-in.md) - [4.2.15 Less & Smaller](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-15-less-and-smaller.md) - [4.2.16 Before & After](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-16-before-and-after.md) - [4.2.17 End of Topic Test - Common Prefixes 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-17-end-of-topic-test-common-prefixes-2.md) - [4.2.18 End of Topic Test - Common Prefixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-2-18-end-of-topic-test-common-prefixes.md) - 4.3 Common Suffixes - [4.3.1 Characterised By](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-1-characterised-by.md) - [4.3.2 Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-2-disease.md) - [4.3.3 Lover & Lacking](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-3-lover-and-lacking.md) - [4.3.4 Belief & Study](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-4-belief-and-study.md) - [4.3.5 People](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-5-people.md) - [4.3.6 State & Quality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-6-state-and-quality.md) - [4.3.7 Sound & Colour](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-7-sound-and-colour.md) - [4.3.8 Capable & Relating](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-8-capable-and-relating.md) - [4.3.9 End of Topic Test - Common Suffixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-9-end-of-topic-test-common-suffixes.md) - [4.3.10 End of Topic Test - Common Suffixes 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/4-3-10-end-of-topic-test-common-suffixes-2.md) ### 5 Reading & Writing - 5.1 Reading Formats - [5.1.1 Speeches](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-1-speeches.md) - [5.1.2 Famous Letters](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-2-famous-letters.md) - [5.1.3 Diary Entries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-3-diary-entries.md) - [5.1.4 Autobiographical Text](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-4-autobiographical-text.md) - [5.1.5 Opinion News Articles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-5-opinion-news-articles.md) - [5.1.6 Literary Non-Fiction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-6-literary-non-fiction.md) - [5.1.7 Creative Fiction Methods](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-7-creative-fiction-methods.md) - [5.1.8 Newspaper Articles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-8-newspaper-articles.md) - [5.1.9 Personal & Formal Letters](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-9-personal-and-formal-letters.md) - [5.1.10 Famous Diaries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-10-famous-diaries.md) - [5.1.11 End of Topic Test - Reading Formats](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-1-11-end-of-topic-test-reading-formats.md) - 5.2 Writing Formats - [5.2.1 Features of a Script](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-1-features-of-a-script.md) - [5.2.2 Poems Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-2-poems-structure.md) - [5.2.3 Writing a Poem](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-3-writing-a-poem.md) - [5.2.4 Writing an Informational Article](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-4-writing-an-informational-article.md) - [5.2.5 Writing an Opinion Article](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-5-writing-an-opinion-article.md) - [5.2.6 Writing a Formal Letter](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-6-writing-a-formal-letter.md) - [5.2.7 Writing Personal Letters](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-7-writing-personal-letters.md) - [5.2.8 Poetry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-8-poetry.md) - [5.2.9 Features of a Speech](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-9-features-of-a-speech.md) - [5.2.10 Writing a Script](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-10-writing-a-script.md) - [5.2.11 End of Topic Test - Writing Formats](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/ks3/english/english-ks3-spelling-punctuation-and-grammar/5-2-11-end-of-topic-test-writing-formats.md)