Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-11-irregular-ir-verbs-3 [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [IGCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse.md) › [Spanish](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish.md) › [Edexcel IGCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse.md) › Irregular IR Verbs 3 # Irregular IR Verbs 3 Spanish: Edexcel IGCSE, topic 8.1.11 ## First Person Stem Changing IR Verbs When some IR verbs are conjugated in the present tense, the stem of the first person 'yo' form changes. Derivatives of these verbs follow the same pattern. ### Conducir - to drive ![Conducir - to drive](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/9.1.3%20Common%20atmospheric%20pollutants%20and%20their%20sources/supercar-2932191_640-min.jpg) - **Condu**zc**o** - I drive. - **Conduces** - you drive. - **Conduce** - he/she drives / you drive (formal). - **Conducimos** - we drive. - **Conducís** - you drive (plural). - **Conducen** - they drive / you drive (formal plural). ### Salir - to go out ![Salir - to go out](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/ed08fac5-38a7-40c6-9184-f07eeb3a743e/leaving-exit-door.jpg) - **Sal**g**o** - I go out. - **Sales** - you go out. - **Sale** - he/she goes out / you go out (formal). - **Salimos** - we go out. - **Salís** - you go out (plural). - **Salen** - they go out / you go out (formal plural). ### Traducir - to translate ![Traducir - to translate](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/240a821b-a63d-4b61-aa71-62a6eeedb72b/latin-language-.jpg) - **Tradu**zc**o** - I translate. - **Traduces** - you translate. - **Traduce** - he/she translates / you translate (formal). - **Traducimos** - we translate. - **Traducís** - you translate (plural). - **Traducen** - they translate / you translate (formal plural). ## Adding an Accent When conjugated in the present tense, some IR verbs gain an accent. Note that this does NOT happen in the 'nosotros' and 'vosotros' forms. Derivatives of these verbs follow the same pattern. ### Prohibir - to forbid ![Prohibir - to forbid](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/3a4afeac-9cc1-4bff-8fae-771a2b62ee5a/pointing-finger.jpg) - Proh**í**bo - I forbid. - Proh**í**bes - you forbid. - Proh**í**be - he/she forbids / you forbid (formal). - Prohibimos - we forbid. - Prohibís - you forbid (plural). - Proh**í**ben - they forbid / you forbid (formal plural). ## Test yourself on Irregular IR Verbs 3 - How do you say 'I leave' in Spanish? - ¿Qué significa 'prohíben' en Inglés? - How do you say 'you forbid' (plural) in Spanish? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/c582299d-f5d3-4905-937e-46292be2dbdb/section/03d38a8d-ccbb-4d33-ac7f-6d654b07494a/session) - Previous topic: [8.1.10 Irregular IR Verbs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-10-irregular-ir-verbs-2.md) - Next topic: [8.1.12 Irregular IR Verbs 4](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-12-irregular-ir-verbs-4.md) ## Spanish: Edexcel IGCSE contents ### 1 The Basics - 1.1 Pronouns - [1.1.1 Personal Pronouns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-1-1-personal-pronouns.md) - 1.2 Verbs - [1.2.1 3 Types of Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-2-1-3-types-of-verbs.md) - 1.3 Nouns - [1.3.1 Noun Endings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-3-1-noun-endings.md) - 1.4 Adjectives - [1.4.1 Gender](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-4-1-gender.md) - [1.4.2 Position](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-4-2-position.md) - 1.5 Abbreviations - [1.5.1 Common Abbreviations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-5-1-common-abbreviations.md) - 1.6 Time - [1.6.1 Time Expressions (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-6-1-time-expressions-12.md) - [1.6.2 Time Expressions (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-6-2-time-expressions-22.md) - [1.6.3 Time](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-6-3-time.md) - [1.6.4 Telling the Time](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-6-4-telling-the-time.md) - [1.6.5 Seasons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-6-5-seasons.md) - [1.6.6 Sometimes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-6-6-sometimes.md) - [1.6.7 A While](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/1-6-7-a-while.md) ### 2 Home & Abroad - 2.1 Town & Region - [2.1.1 Shops](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-1-1-shops.md) - [2.1.2 Places](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-1-2-places.md) - [2.1.3 Town & Region](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-1-3-town-and-region.md) - [2.1.4 Town & Countryside](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-1-4-town-and-countryside.md) - [2.1.5 Weather](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-1-5-weather.md) - 2.2 Holiday - [2.2.1 Countries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-1-countries.md) - [2.2.2 Holidays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-2-holidays.md) - [2.2.3 Opinions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-3-opinions.md) - [2.2.4 Accomodation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-4-accomodation.md) - [2.2.5 Eating Out](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-5-eating-out.md) - [2.2.6 Tourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-6-tourism.md) - [2.2.7 Directions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-7-directions.md) - [2.2.8 Near, There](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-2-8-near-there.md) - 2.3 Customs - [2.3.1 Customs & Festivals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-3-1-customs-and-festivals.md) - [2.3.2 Customs & Festivals 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-3-2-customs-and-festivals-2.md) - 2.4 Everyday Life, Traditions & Communities - [2.4.1 Greetings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/2-4-1-greetings.md) ### 3 Education & Employment - 3.1 School Life - [3.1.1 School](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-1-1-school.md) - [3.1.2 Subjects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-1-2-subjects.md) - [3.1.3 A Good Student](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-1-3-a-good-student.md) - [3.1.4 Life at School](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-1-4-life-at-school.md) - 3.2 School Trips - [3.2.1 School Trips](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-2-1-school-trips.md) - 3.3 Work - [3.3.1 Types of Jobs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-3-1-types-of-jobs.md) - [3.3.2 Work](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-3-2-work.md) - [3.3.3 Languages](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-3-3-languages.md) - [3.3.4 Charity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-3-4-charity.md) - 3.4 Future Plans - [3.4.1 University](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-4-1-university.md) - [3.4.2 Future Study](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/3-4-2-future-study.md) ### 4 Personal Life & Relationships - 4.1 House & Home - [4.1.1 Home](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-1-1-home.md) - [4.1.2 What is in Your House?](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-1-2-what-is-in-your-house.md) - [4.1.3 Near Your Home](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-1-3-near-your-home.md) - [4.1.4 Common Prepositions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-1-4-common-prepositions.md) - [4.1.5 Greetings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-1-5-greetings.md) - 4.2 Daily Routines & Helping at Home - [4.2.1 Daily Routine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-2-1-daily-routine.md) - [4.2.2 Helping at Home](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-2-2-helping-at-home.md) - 4.3 Family & Friends - [4.3.1 Age & Name: Introduction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-1-age-and-name-introduction.md) - [4.3.2 Age & Name](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-2-age-and-name.md) - [4.3.3 Personality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-3-personality.md) - [4.3.4 Physical Appearance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-4-physical-appearance.md) - [4.3.5 Family: Relationships](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-5-family-relationships.md) - [4.3.6 Family](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-6-family.md) - [4.3.7 Friends (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-7-friends-12.md) - [4.3.8 Friends (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-8-friends-22.md) - [4.3.9 Describing Family](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-9-describing-family.md) - [4.3.10 Describing People](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-10-describing-people.md) - [4.3.11 Relationships](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-11-relationships.md) - [4.3.12 Relationships: Important Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-12-relationships-important-verbs.md) - [4.3.13 Role Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-13-role-model.md) - [4.3.14 Childhood](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/4-3-14-childhood.md) ### 5 The World Around Us - 5.1 Environmental Issues - [5.1.1 Environment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-1-1-environment.md) - [5.1.2 Climate Change](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-1-2-climate-change.md) - 5.2 Weather - [5.2.1 The Weather](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-2-1-the-weather.md) - 5.3 Travel & Transport - [5.3.1 Going on Holiday](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-3-1-going-on-holiday.md) - 5.4 The Media - [5.4.1 Social Media](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-4-1-social-media.md) - [5.4.2 Opinions on Social Media](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-4-2-opinions-on-social-media.md) - [5.4.3 Opinions on Social Media 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-4-3-opinions-on-social-media-2.md) - 5.5 Information & Communication - [5.5.1 Mobile Technology](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-5-1-mobile-technology.md) - [5.5.2 Using our Devices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/5-5-2-using-our-devices.md) ### 6 Social Activities, Fitness & Health - 6.1 Special Occasions - [6.1.1 Numbers (1 - 20)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-1-1-numbers-1-20.md) - [6.1.2 Numbers (21 - 100)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-1-2-numbers-21-100.md) - [6.1.3 Parties](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-1-3-parties.md) - 6.2 Hobbies & Interests - [6.2.1 What I Like: Gustar](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-2-1-what-i-like-gustar.md) - [6.2.2 Music](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-2-2-music.md) - [6.2.3 Cinema & TV](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-2-3-cinema-and-tv.md) - [6.2.4 Sport (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-2-4-sport-12.md) - [6.2.5 Sport (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-2-5-sport-22.md) - [6.2.6 Fashion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-2-6-fashion.md) - 6.3 Shopping & Money Matters - [6.3.1 Food & Clothes Shopping](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-3-1-food-and-clothes-shopping.md) - [6.3.2 Food & Clothes Shopping 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-3-2-food-and-clothes-shopping-2.md) - [6.3.3 Money Matters](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-3-3-money-matters.md) - 6.4 Injuries, Illness & Health - [6.4.1 Healthy Lifestyle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-4-1-healthy-lifestyle.md) - [6.4.2 The Body](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-4-2-the-body.md) - [6.4.3 Illness](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-4-3-illness.md) - 6.5 Food & Drink - [6.5.1 Meat](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-5-1-meat.md) - [6.5.2 Fish](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-5-2-fish.md) - [6.5.3 Other Food](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-5-3-other-food.md) - [6.5.4 Fruit & Veg](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-5-4-fruit-and-veg.md) - [6.5.5 Drinks & Snacks](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-5-5-drinks-and-snacks.md) - [6.5.6 Dairy & Other](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/6-5-6-dairy-and-other.md) ### 7 Listening - 7.1 Town & Region - [7.1.1 My Neighbourhood](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-1-1-my-neighbourhood.md) - [7.1.2 Poverty & Homelessness](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-1-2-poverty-and-homelessness.md) - 7.2 Holiday - [7.2.1 Tourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-2-1-tourism.md) - 7.3 Customs - [7.3.1 Day of the Dead](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-3-1-day-of-the-dead.md) - 7.4 Education - [7.4.1 Life at School](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-4-1-life-at-school.md) - [7.4.2 Education Post-16](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-4-2-education-post-16.md) - [7.4.3 Jobs, Careers, & Ambition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-4-3-jobs-careers-and-ambition.md) - [7.4.4 Charity & Voluntary Work](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-4-4-charity-and-voluntary-work.md) - 7.5 Personal Life & Relationships - [7.5.1 Family & Friends](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-5-1-family-and-friends.md) - [7.5.2 Marriage & Partnerships](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-5-2-marriage-and-partnerships.md) - 7.6 The Media & Technology - [7.6.1 Social Media](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-6-1-social-media.md) - [7.6.2 Mobile Technology](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-6-2-mobile-technology.md) - 7.7 Social Activities - [7.7.1 Music](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-7-1-music.md) - [7.7.2 Cinema & TV](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-7-2-cinema-and-tv.md) - [7.7.3 Food & Eating Out](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-7-3-food-and-eating-out.md) - [7.7.4 Sport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-7-4-sport.md) - 7.8 The Environment - [7.8.1 The Environment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-8-1-the-environment.md) - 7.9 Fitness & Health - [7.9.1 Healthy & Unhealthy Living](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/7-9-1-healthy-and-unhealthy-living.md) ### 8 Common Tenses - 8.1 Present Tense - [8.1.1 Regular AR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-1-regular-ar-verbs.md) - [8.1.2 Negative Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-2-negative-verbs.md) - [8.1.3 Irregular AR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-3-irregular-ar-verbs.md) - [8.1.4 Irregular AR Verbs: Exceptions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-4-irregular-ar-verbs-exceptions.md) - [8.1.5 Regular ER Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-5-regular-er-verbs.md) - [8.1.6 Irregular ER Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-6-irregular-er-verbs.md) - [8.1.7 Irregular ER Verbs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-7-irregular-er-verbs-2.md) - [8.1.8 Regular IR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-8-regular-ir-verbs.md) - [8.1.9 Irregular IR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-9-irregular-ir-verbs.md) - [8.1.10 Irregular IR Verbs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-10-irregular-ir-verbs-2.md) - [8.1.11 Irregular IR Verbs 3](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-11-irregular-ir-verbs-3.md) - [8.1.12 Irregular IR Verbs 4](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-12-irregular-ir-verbs-4.md) - [8.1.13 Verb Phrases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-13-verb-phrases.md) - [8.1.14 The Use of 'Se'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-1-14-the-use-of-se.md) - 8.2 Preterite Tense - [8.2.1 Regular AR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-1-regular-ar-verbs.md) - [8.2.2 Irregular AR Verbs (1/4)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-2-irregular-ar-verbs-14.md) - [8.2.3 Irregular AR Verbs (2/4)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-3-irregular-ar-verbs-24.md) - [8.2.4 Irregular AR Verbs (3/4)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-4-irregular-ar-verbs-34.md) - [8.2.5 Irregular AR Verbs (4/4)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-5-irregular-ar-verbs-44.md) - [8.2.6 Regular ER Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-6-regular-er-verbs.md) - [8.2.7 Irregular ER Verbs (1/5)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-7-irregular-er-verbs-15.md) - [8.2.8 Irregular ER Verbs (2/5)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-8-irregular-er-verbs-25.md) - [8.2.9 Irregular ER Verbs (3/5)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-9-irregular-er-verbs-35.md) - [8.2.10 Irregular ER Verbs (4/5)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-10-irregular-er-verbs-45.md) - [8.2.11 Irregular ER Verbs (5/5)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-11-irregular-er-verbs-55.md) - [8.2.12 Regular IR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-12-regular-ir-verbs.md) - [8.2.13 Irregular IR Verbs (1/6)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-13-irregular-ir-verbs-16.md) - [8.2.14 Irregular IR Verbs (2/6)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-14-irregular-ir-verbs-26.md) - [8.2.15 Irregular IR Verbs (3/6)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-15-irregular-ir-verbs-36.md) - [8.2.16 Irregular IR Verbs (4/6)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-16-irregular-ir-verbs-46.md) - [8.2.17 Irregular IR Verbs (5/6)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-17-irregular-ir-verbs-56.md) - [8.2.18 Irregular IR Verbs (6/6)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-2-18-irregular-ir-verbs-66.md) - 8.3 Imperfect Tense - [8.3.1 Regular Verbs (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-3-1-regular-verbs-12.md) - [8.3.2 Regular Verbs (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-3-2-regular-verbs-22.md) - [8.3.3 Irregular Verbs - Ir & Ver](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-3-3-irregular-verbs-ir-and-ver.md) - [8.3.4 Irregular Verbs - Ser](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-3-4-irregular-verbs-ser.md) - 8.4 Preterite vs Imperfect Tenses - [8.4.1 Uses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-4-1-uses.md) - [8.4.2 Preterite vs Imperfect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-4-2-preterite-vs-imperfect.md) - 8.5 Future Tense - [8.5.1 The Future with 'Ir'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/8-5-1-the-future-with-ir.md) ### 9 Important Verbs - 9.1 To Be - 'Ser' & 'Estar' - [9.1.1 Conjugation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-1-1-conjugation.md) - [9.1.2 Uses of 'Ser'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-1-2-uses-of-ser.md) - [9.1.3 Expressions Using 'Ser'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-1-3-expressions-using-ser.md) - [9.1.4 Uses of 'Estar'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-1-4-uses-of-estar.md) - [9.1.5 Expressions Using 'Estar' (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-1-5-expressions-using-estar-12.md) - [9.1.6 Expressions Using 'Estar' (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-1-6-expressions-using-estar-22.md) - 9.2 To Like - 'Gustar' - [9.2.1 How to Use 'Gustar'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-2-1-how-to-use-gustar.md) - 9.3 To Have - 'Tener' - [9.3.1 How to Use 'Tener'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-3-1-how-to-use-tener.md) - [9.3.2 Phrases Using 'Tener'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/9-3-2-phrases-using-tener.md) ### 10 Advanced Tenses - 10.1 The Simple Future - [10.1.1 Regular Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-1-1-regular-verbs.md) - [10.1.2 Regular Verbs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-1-2-regular-verbs-2.md) - [10.1.3 Irregular Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-1-3-irregular-verbs.md) - [10.1.4 Irregular Verbs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-1-4-irregular-verbs-2.md) - 10.2 Conditional Tense - [10.2.1 Regular Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-2-1-regular-verbs.md) - [10.2.2 Regular IR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-2-2-regular-ir-verbs.md) - [10.2.3 'Hacer' & 'Decir'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-2-3-hacer-and-decir.md) - [10.2.4 Irregular Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-2-4-irregular-verbs.md) - [10.2.5 Uses of the Conditional](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-2-5-uses-of-the-conditional.md) - 10.3 Continuous Tenses - [10.3.1 Forming the Gerund](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-3-1-forming-the-gerund.md) - [10.3.2 Changes to the Stem](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-3-2-changes-to-the-stem.md) - [10.3.3 Present Continuous](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-3-3-present-continuous.md) - [10.3.4 Uses of the Present Continuous](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-3-4-uses-of-the-present-continuous.md) - [10.3.5 Imperfect Continuous](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-3-5-imperfect-continuous.md) - 10.4 Perfect Tense - [10.4.1 Past Participles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-4-1-past-participles.md) - [10.4.2 Irregular Past Participles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-4-2-irregular-past-participles.md) - [10.4.3 Present Perfect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-4-3-present-perfect.md) - [10.4.4 Uses of the Present Perfect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-4-4-uses-of-the-present-perfect.md) - [10.4.5 Pluperfect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-4-5-pluperfect.md) - [10.4.6 Passive Voice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-4-6-passive-voice.md) - 10.5 Present Subjunctive - [10.5.1 Present Subjunctive: AR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-1-present-subjunctive-ar-verbs.md) - [10.5.2 Present Subjunctive: ER Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-2-present-subjunctive-er-verbs.md) - [10.5.3 Present Subjunctive: IR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-3-present-subjunctive-ir-verbs.md) - [10.5.4 Irregular AR Verbs (1/3)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-4-irregular-ar-verbs-13.md) - [10.5.5 Irregular AR Verbs (2/3)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-5-irregular-ar-verbs-23.md) - [10.5.6 Irregular AR Verbs (3/3)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-6-irregular-ar-verbs-33.md) - [10.5.7 Irregular ER Verbs (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-7-irregular-er-verbs-12.md) - [10.5.8 Irregular ER Verbs (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-8-irregular-er-verbs-22.md) - [10.5.9 Irregular IR Verbs (1/3)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-9-irregular-ir-verbs-13.md) - [10.5.10 Irregular IR Verbs (2/3)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-10-irregular-ir-verbs-23.md) - [10.5.11 Irregular IR Verbs (3/3)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-11-irregular-ir-verbs-33.md) - [10.5.12 The Verb 'Ir'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-12-the-verb-ir.md) - [10.5.13 Subjunctive Uses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-5-13-subjunctive-uses.md) - 10.6 Imperfect Subjunctive - [10.6.1 AR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-6-1-ar-verbs.md) - [10.6.2 ER Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-6-2-er-verbs.md) - [10.6.3 ER Verbs: Strong Preterites](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-6-3-er-verbs-strong-preterites.md) - [10.6.4 IR Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-6-4-ir-verbs.md) - [10.6.5 IR Verbs: Strong Preterites](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-6-5-ir-verbs-strong-preterites.md) - 10.7 Imperative - [10.7.1 The Imperative](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-7-1-the-imperative.md) - [10.7.2 Negative Imperative](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-7-2-negative-imperative.md) - [10.7.3 Irregular Imperatives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/10-7-3-irregular-imperatives.md) ### 11 Extra Grammar - 11.1 Articles - [11.1.1 Definite Article](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-1-1-definite-article.md) - [11.1.2 Indefinite Article](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-1-2-indefinite-article.md) - [11.1.3 Lo + Adjective](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-1-3-lo-adjective.md) - 11.2 Negatives - [11.2.1 Just the 'Nada' Bit](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-2-1-just-the-nada-bit.md) - [11.2.2 Negatives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-2-2-negatives.md) - 11.3 Nouns - [11.3.1 People & Animals (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-3-1-people-and-animals-12.md) - [11.3.2 People & Animals (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-3-2-people-and-animals-22.md) - [11.3.3 Masculine & Feminine Nouns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-3-3-masculine-and-feminine-nouns.md) - [11.3.4 Masculine & Feminine Exceptions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-3-4-masculine-and-feminine-exceptions.md) - [11.3.5 Masculine & Feminine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-3-5-masculine-and-feminine.md) - [11.3.6 Masculine & Feminine 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-3-6-masculine-and-feminine-2.md) - [11.3.7 Forming the Plural](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-3-7-forming-the-plural.md) - 11.4 Asking Questions - [11.4.1 How to Ask a Question](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-4-1-how-to-ask-a-question.md) - [11.4.2 Question Words 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-4-2-question-words-2.md) - [11.4.3 Common Questions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-4-3-common-questions.md) - 11.5 Adjectives - [11.5.1 Other Adjectives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-1-other-adjectives.md) - [11.5.2 Adjectives that Remain the Same](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-2-adjectives-that-remain-the-same.md) - [11.5.3 'Grande' & 'Bueno'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-3-grande-and-bueno.md) - [11.5.4 Plural](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-4-plural.md) - [11.5.5 The Best, The Worst](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-5-the-best-the-worst.md) - [11.5.6 This, These, That and Those](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-6-this-these-that-and-those.md) - [11.5.7 Possession](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-7-possession.md) - [11.5.8 Posession (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-8-posession-22.md) - [11.5.9 Whose](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-9-whose.md) - [11.5.10 Indefinite](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-5-10-indefinite.md) - 11.6 Adverbs - [11.6.1 Adding 'Mente'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-6-1-adding-mente.md) - [11.6.2 Common Phrases with Adverbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-6-2-common-phrases-with-adverbs.md) - [11.6.3 Common Phrases with Adverbs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-6-3-common-phrases-with-adverbs-2.md) - [11.6.4 Still & Yet](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-6-4-still-and-yet.md) - 11.7 Conjunctions - [11.7.1 What are Conjunctions?](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-7-1-what-are-conjunctions.md) - [11.7.2 Connectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-7-2-connectors.md) - 11.8 Pronouns - [11.8.1 This, These, That & Those](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-1-this-these-that-and-those.md) - [11.8.2 Possession](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-2-possession.md) - [11.8.3 Someone, Something](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-3-someone-something.md) - [11.8.4 Reflexive Pronouns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-4-reflexive-pronouns.md) - [11.8.5 Direct Object](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-5-direct-object.md) - [11.8.6 After Prepositions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-6-after-prepositions.md) - [11.8.7 Que and Quien](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-7-que-and-quien.md) - [11.8.8 'El Que' and 'El Cual'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-8-8-el-que-and-el-cual.md) - 11.9 By, With, From, Of - [11.9.1 By, With, From, Of](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-9-1-by-with-from-of.md) - [11.9.2 'Por' & 'Para' (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-9-2-por-and-para-12.md) - [11.9.3 'Por' & 'Para' (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-9-3-por-and-para-22.md) - 11.10 Verbs - [11.10.1 Derivatives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-10-1-derivatives.md) - [11.10.2 Derivatives 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-10-2-derivatives-2.md) - [11.10.3 Reflexives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-10-3-reflexives.md) - [11.10.4 Common Reflexive Verbs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-10-4-common-reflexive-verbs.md) - [11.10.5 Common Reflexive Verbs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-10-5-common-reflexive-verbs-2.md) - 11.11 Comparisons - [11.11.1 Comparisons (1/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-11-1-comparisons-12.md) - [11.11.2 Comparisons (2/2)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/spanish/edexcel-igcse/11-11-2-comparisons-22.md)