Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-2-bizonia

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# Bizonia

History: Cambridge International GCSE The Twentieth Century (Option B), topic 4.4.2

## The Development of Bizonia

In 1947, Britain and the United States combined their zones in Germany to form Bizonia. This was a direct violation of Potsdam and angered the Soviet Union.

### Clashes between the East and West before 1947

![Clashes between the East and West before 1947](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/3ae18515-5cd4-438e-a6ad-6c621d0daca8/usa-ussr-america-russia-cold-war-.jpg)

- Zones occupied by the British, French and United States were run as capitalist economies.
- Free trade was used to stimulate economic growth.
- But the Soviet sector was run along communist lines.
- Stalin and his government confiscated produced goods in Germany for the Soviet Union.

### Economic problems

![Economic problems](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/840cc341-8b77-4e05-9af2-c93f5db7714e/shutterstock_568985875.jpg)

- The harsh winter of 1946/1947 led to shortages in Germany. 
 - Zones had to introduce rationing. 
- Food imports were costing on average $700 million per year.
- It became apparent that the zones needed to cooperate.

### Creation of Bizonia

![Creation of Bizonia](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/10ec8975-e80b-4701-a176-ea7cb386523b/usa-uk-flag-.png)

- In 1946, The US Secretary of State James Byrnes said 'the US has formally announced its intention to unify the economy of its zone with any or all other zones'. 
- Bizonia unified the British and American zones economically.

### Creation of Trizonia

![Creation of Trizonia](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/ad2362b1-e68f-4355-8063-ead1942d676b/england-france-.jpg)

- In April 1949, France joined Bizonia to form Trizonia.

## The Development of the Soviet Zone

The Soviet Union was also developing communism in its zone.

### Walter Ulbricht

![Walter Ulbricht](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/1c51b4e3-0599-43c4-85fd-5005b8eea90b/communist-flag-.jpg)

- Walter Ulbricht was a member of the Communist Party.
- In April 1945, Ulbricht and the communists came to Berlin.
- He began to rebuild the German Communist Party along Stalinist lines.

### Permitting political parties

![Permitting political parties](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/0db4cd5b-9139-4b42-aff3-af2500039acb/politics-words-.jpg)

- In June 1945, the Soviet Union permitted political parties in their zone.
- The Communist Party (KPD) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) were established.
- In 1946, these two parties were forced to merge. They became the Socialist Unity Party (SED).

### SED control

![SED control](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/2da95aeb-e189-4937-b9c3-f80aa88cc591/shutterstock_785840902.jpg)

- The SED took control over areas such as education and administration.
- Opposition parties, such as the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), were absorbed into the National Front for Democratic Germany. 
 - The National Front for Democratic Germany was controlled by the SED.
- The guise of democracy was dropped by 1948 and the SED declared itself a ‘Party of a New Type’ in the image of Marxist-Leninism.

### Reparations to the Soviets

![Reparations to the Soviets](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/464c4eb7-5c82-4f1b-8a92-e3d6ec5008b2/shutterstock_411531463.jpg)

- Edward Smith (1967): "The extent of these reparations exceeded 25 per cent of the GDR's total industrial production...direct occupation costs in the Soviet zone were one third higher than the comparable costs in the three Western zones."

## Test yourself on Bizonia

- What did the German zones introduce during the harsh winter of 1946/1947?
- Who came to Berlin and began to rebuild the German Communist Party?
- When was the Socialist Unity Party (SED) formed?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/bde822bc-1ee8-46a6-8c98-090be2f1d690/section/c2fd56a7-8328-4054-97e3-fbcd0bcae06b/session)

- Previous topic: [4.4.1 Germany](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-1-germany.md)
- Next topic: [4.4.3 Berlin Blockade](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-3-berlin-blockade.md)

## History: Cambridge International GCSE The Twentieth Century (Option B) contents

### 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles Fair?
- 1.1 What were the Motives and Aims at Versailles?
  - [1.1.1 The Treaty of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-1-1-the-treaty-of-versailles.md)
  - [1.1.2 Roles of Wilson, Clemenceau & George](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-1-2-roles-of-wilson-clemenceau-and-george.md)
- 1.2 Did the Victors Get Everything They Wanted?
  - [1.2.1 The Terms: Territory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-1-the-terms-territory.md)
  - [1.2.2 The Terms: Reparations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-2-the-terms-reparations.md)
  - [1.2.3 The Terms: Armaments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-3-the-terms-armaments.md)
  - [1.2.4 The Terms: War Guilt](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-4-the-terms-war-guilt.md)
  - [1.2.5 The League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-5-the-league-of-nations.md)
  - [1.2.6 French Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-6-french-reaction.md)
  - [1.2.7 American Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-7-american-reaction.md)
  - [1.2.8 British Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-8-british-reaction.md)
  - [1.2.9 Countries Left Out of the Treaty of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-9-countries-left-out-of-the-treaty-of-versailles.md)
- 1.3 What was the Impact on Germany up to 1923?
  - [1.3.1 German Reaction to the Treaty](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-1-german-reaction-to-the-treaty.md)
  - [1.3.2 Germany’s Allies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-2-germanys-allies.md)
  - [1.3.3 Economic Impacts: Ruhr & Hyperinflation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-3-economic-impacts-ruhr-and-hyperinflation.md)
  - [1.3.4 Social Impacts of the Treaty in Germany](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-4-social-impacts-of-the-treaty-in-germany.md)
  - [1.3.5 Political Impacts of the Treaty on Germany](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-5-political-impacts-of-the-treaty-on-germany.md)
  - [1.3.6 Reducing Reparation: The Dawes Plan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-6-reducing-reparation-the-dawes-plan.md)
- 1.4 Could the Treaty be Justified at the Time?
  - [1.4.1 Positives & Negatives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-4-1-positives-and-negatives.md)
  - [1.4.2 Contemporary Opinions About the Treaty](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-4-2-contemporary-opinions-about-the-treaty.md)

### 2 Was the League of Nations a Success?
- 2.1 How did Weaknesses in the League Lead to Failure?
  - [2.1.1 The League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-1-the-league-of-nations.md)
  - [2.1.2 Structure of the League: Assembly & Council](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-2-structure-of-the-league-assembly-and-council.md)
  - [2.1.3 Structure of the League: Special Commissions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-3-structure-of-the-league-special-commissions.md)
  - [2.1.4 Structure of the League: Permanent Court](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-4-structure-of-the-league-permanent-court.md)
  - [2.1.5 Structure of the League: Secretariat](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-5-structure-of-the-league-secretariat.md)
  - [2.1.6 Financial Crisis in the World](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-6-financial-crisis-in-the-world.md)
- 2.2 The League’s Success in Peacekeeping
  - [2.2.1 Successes: International Borders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-1-successes-international-borders.md)
  - [2.2.2 Successes: International Agreements](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-2-successes-international-agreements.md)
  - [2.2.3 Failures: Vilna (1920)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-3-failures-vilna-1920.md)
  - [2.2.4 Åland Islands 1920-21](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-4-aland-islands-1920-21.md)
  - [2.2.5 Failures: Corfu 1923](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-5-failures-corfu-1923.md)
  - [2.2.6 Failures: Bulgaria 1925](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-6-failures-bulgaria-1925.md)
- 2.3 How Important was the League's Humanitarian Work?
  - [2.3.1 Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-3-1-refugees-health-slavery-working-conditions-1.md)
  - [2.3.2 Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-3-2-refugees-health-slavery-working-conditions-2.md)
- 2.4 How did the Depression Impact the League?
  - [2.4.1 The Great Depression, 1929](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-4-1-the-great-depression-1929.md)
  - [2.4.2 The Manchurian Crisis, 1931](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-4-2-the-manchurian-crisis-1931.md)
  - [2.4.3 Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-4-3-invasion-of-abyssinia-1935.md)

### 3 How did Hitler's Foreign Policy Impact the War?
- 3.1 What were the Long-Term Consequences of Versailles
  - [3.1.1 Long-Term Consequences of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-1-1-long-term-consequences-of-versailles.md)
- 3.2 What were the Consequences of the League's Failure
  - [3.2.1 The Disarmament Conference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-1-the-disarmament-conference.md)
  - [3.2.2 Collapse of the League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-2-collapse-of-the-league-of-nations.md)
  - [3.2.3 Tension in Europe in the 1930s](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-3-tension-in-europe-in-the-1930s.md)
  - [3.2.4 WWII & Failure of the League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-4-wwii-and-failure-of-the-league-of-nations.md)
  - [3.2.5 Weak Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-5-weak-nations.md)
- 3.3 Was the Policy of Appeasement Justified?
  - [3.3.1 The Spanish Civil War, 1936-39](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-1-the-spanish-civil-war-1936-39.md)
  - [3.3.2 The Sudetenland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-2-the-sudetenland.md)
  - [3.3.3 Arguments for Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-3-arguments-for-appeasement.md)
  - [3.3.4 Arguments Against Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-4-arguments-against-appeasement.md)
  - [3.3.5 Reasons & Acts of Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-5-reasons-and-acts-of-appeasement.md)
  - [3.3.6 Impact of Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-6-impact-of-appeasement.md)
- 3.4 How Important was the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
  - [3.4.1 The Nazi-Soviet Pact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-4-1-the-nazi-soviet-pact.md)
  - [3.4.2 The Polish Crisis & the Outbreak of War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-4-2-the-polish-crisis-and-the-outbreak-of-war.md)
- 3.5 Why did Britain & France Declare War on Germany?
  - [3.5.1 The Guarantee for Poland and the War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-1-the-guarantee-for-poland-and-the-war.md)
  - [3.5.2 Hitler’s Foreign Policy & Rearmament](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-2-hitlers-foreign-policy-and-rearmament.md)
  - [3.5.3 Hitler's Plan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-3-hitlers-plan.md)
  - [3.5.4 The Saar](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-4-the-saar.md)
  - [3.5.5 Remilitarisation of the Rhineland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-5-remilitarisation-of-the-rhineland.md)
  - [3.5.6 The Rome-Berlin Axis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-6-the-rome-berlin-axis.md)
  - [3.5.7 Germany & Italy in the Spanish War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-7-germany-and-italy-in-the-spanish-war.md)
  - [3.5.8 The Anti-Comintern Pact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-8-the-anti-comintern-pact.md)
  - [3.5.9 Anschluss with Austria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-9-anschluss-with-austria.md)
  - [3.5.10 The Munich Agreement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-10-the-munich-agreement.md)
  - [3.5.11 The Crisis over Czechoslovakia](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-11-the-crisis-over-czechoslovakia.md)

### 4 Who was to Blame for the Cold War?
- 4.1 Why did the US-Soviet Alliance Break Down?
  - [4.1.1 Cold War - Definition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-1-cold-war-definition.md)
  - [4.1.2 The Grand Alliance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-2-the-grand-alliance.md)
  - [4.1.3 The 1945 Summit Conferences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-3-the-1945-summit-conferences.md)
  - [4.1.4 Early US-Soviet Relations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-4-early-us-soviet-relations.md)
  - [4.1.5 The Breakdown of the US-Soviet Alliance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-5-the-breakdown-of-the-us-soviet-alliance.md)
  - [4.1.6 Attitudes of Truman & Stalin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-6-attitudes-of-truman-and-stalin.md)
  - [4.1.7 US & Soviet Attitudes to Peace](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-7-us-and-soviet-attitudes-to-peace.md)
- 4.2 How did the USSR Gain Control of Eastern Europe?
  - [4.2.1 The USSR & Eastern Europe](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-2-1-the-ussr-and-eastern-europe.md)
- 4.3 How did the US React to Soviet Expansionism?
  - [4.3.1 The Beginning of the Cold War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-1-the-beginning-of-the-cold-war.md)
  - [4.3.2 The Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-2-the-truman-doctrine-and-marshall-plan.md)
  - [4.3.3 East-West Boundaries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-3-east-west-boundaries.md)
  - [4.3.4 Berlin Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-4-berlin-crisis.md)
- 4.4 What were the Consequences of the Berlin Blockade?
  - [4.4.1 Germany](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-1-germany.md)
  - [4.4.2 Bizonia](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-2-bizonia.md)
  - [4.4.3 Berlin Blockade](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-3-berlin-blockade.md)
  - [4.4.4 FRG & GDR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-4-frg-and-gdr.md)
  - [4.4.5 NATO](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-5-nato.md)
  - [4.4.6 Warsaw Pact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-6-warsaw-pact.md)
- 4.5 Who was More to Blame for Starting the Cold War?
  - [4.5.1 The Responsibility for Cold War Tensions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-1-the-responsibility-for-cold-war-tensions.md)
  - [4.5.2 Blame on the USRR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-2-blame-on-the-usrr.md)
  - [4.5.3 Blame on the US](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-3-blame-on-the-us.md)
  - [4.5.4 Sharing the Blame](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-4-sharing-the-blame.md)

### 5 Did the US Contain the Spread of Communism?
- 5.1 The US and Korea, 1950-53
  - [5.1.1 The US and Korea: Background to the Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-1-1-the-us-and-korea-background-to-the-crisis.md)
  - [5.1.2 The Korean War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-1-2-the-korean-war.md)
  - [5.1.3 The Course of the Korean War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-1-3-the-course-of-the-korean-war.md)
- 5.2 The US and Cuba, 1959-62
  - [5.2.1 Build-Up to the Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-2-1-build-up-to-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md)
  - [5.2.2 The Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-2-2-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md)
  - [5.2.3 Consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-2-3-consequence-of-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md)
- 5.3 The US and Vietnam, 1955-75
  - [5.3.1 French Rule in Vietnam](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-1-french-rule-in-vietnam.md)
  - [5.3.2 President Eisenhower](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-2-president-eisenhower.md)
  - [5.3.3 President Kennedy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-3-president-kennedy.md)
  - [5.3.4 The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 1964](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-4-the-gulf-of-tonkin-incident-1964.md)
  - [5.3.5 US Tactics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-5-us-tactics.md)
  - [5.3.6 Vietcong Tactics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-6-vietcong-tactics.md)
  - [5.3.7 The Vietcong](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-7-the-vietcong.md)
  - [5.3.8 The My Lai Massacre, 1968](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-8-the-my-lai-massacre-1968.md)
  - [5.3.9 Vietnamisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-9-vietnamisation.md)
  - [5.3.10 The Tet Offensive, 1968](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-10-the-tet-offensive-1968.md)
  - [5.3.11 Attacks on Cambodia & Laos](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-11-attacks-on-cambodia-and-laos.md)
  - [5.3.12 The Bombing of North Vietnam](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-12-the-bombing-of-north-vietnam.md)
  - [5.3.13 The Failure of Vietnamisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-13-the-failure-of-vietnamisation.md)
  - [5.3.14 The Growth of Opposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-14-the-growth-of-opposition.md)
  - [5.3.15 The Draft System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-15-the-draft-system.md)
  - [5.3.16 The Kent State University Shootings, 1970](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-16-the-kent-state-university-shootings-1970.md)
  - [5.3.17 Political Opposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-17-political-opposition.md)
  - [5.3.18 Reasons for Support 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-18-reasons-for-support-1.md)
  - [5.3.19 Reasons for Support 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-19-reasons-for-support-2.md)
  - [5.3.20 Political Support](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-20-political-support.md)
  - [5.3.21 Peace Negotiations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-21-peace-negotiations.md)
  - [5.3.22 The Paris Peace Accords, 1973](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-22-the-paris-peace-accords-1973.md)
  - [5.3.23 Economic & Human Costs 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-23-economic-and-human-costs-1.md)
  - [5.3.24 Economic & Human Costs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-24-economic-and-human-costs-2.md)
  - [5.3.25 The Strengths of North Vietnam 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-25-the-strengths-of-north-vietnam-1.md)
  - [5.3.26 The Strengths of North Vietnam 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-26-the-strengths-of-north-vietnam-2.md)
  - [5.3.27 The Weaknesses of the US 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-27-the-weaknesses-of-the-us-1.md)
  - [5.3.28 The Weaknesses of the US 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-28-the-weaknesses-of-the-us-2.md)
  - [5.3.29 Opposition in the US](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-29-opposition-in-the-us.md)
  - [5.3.30 Reasons Why USA Lost](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-30-reasons-why-usa-lost.md)

### 6 How was USSR's Control Over Eastern Europe?
- 6.1 Opposition to Control in Hungary & Czechoslovakia
  - [6.1.1 Causes of Opposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-1-causes-of-opposition.md)
  - [6.1.2 The Hungarian Uprising](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-2-the-hungarian-uprising.md)
  - [6.1.3 Czechoslovakia, 1968](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-3-czechoslovakia-1968.md)
  - [6.1.4 Reaction to the Brezhnev Doctrine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-4-reaction-to-the-brezhnev-doctrine.md)
- 6.2 Similarities Between Hungary & Czechoslovakia
  - [6.2.1 Hungary and Czechoslovakia 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-2-1-hungary-and-czechoslovakia-1.md)
  - [6.2.2 Hungary & Czechoslovakia 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-2-2-hungary-and-czechoslovakia-2.md)
- 6.3 Why was the Berlin Wall Built?
  - [6.3.1 The Berlin Wall 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-3-1-the-berlin-wall-1.md)
  - [6.3.2 The Berlin Wall 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-3-2-the-berlin-wall-2.md)
  - [6.3.3 The U2 Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-3-3-the-u2-crisis.md)
- 6.4 Solidarity in Poland & Soviet Influence
  - [6.4.1 Solidarity in Poland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-4-1-solidarity-in-poland.md)
- 6.5 Gorbachev's Responsibility
  - [6.5.1 Reagan & Gorbachev](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-1-reagan-and-gorbachev.md)
  - [6.5.2 Reagan and the ‘Second Cold War’](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-2-reagan-and-the-second-cold-war.md)
  - [6.5.3 The Collapse of Soviet Control](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-3-the-collapse-of-soviet-control.md)
  - [6.5.4 The Collapse of the USSR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-4-the-collapse-of-the-ussr.md)