Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-4-wwii-and-failure-of-the-league-of-nations [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [IGCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse.md) › [History](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history.md) › [Cambridge International](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international.md) › WWII & Failure of the League of Nations # WWII & Failure of the League of Nations History: Cambridge International GCSE The Twentieth Century (Option B), topic 3.2.4 ## The Start of WWII Very few people believed Hitler would stay truthful to the Munich Agreement and concern started to quickly build. Hitler then made some decisions that eventually forced the Allies to declare war. ### Invasion of Czechoslovakia ![Invasion of Czechoslovakia](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/7cfc142b-c266-4a63-8c9d-ad088a601722/shutterstock_754279375.jpg) - Czechoslovakia began to unravel as soon as the Sudetenland had been conceded. - In March 1939, the Czechoslovakian president was persuaded by Hitler to let German troops enter the country as a last resort to try and 'restore order'. - There was no immediate reaction from France and Britain despite Hitler having clearly broken his side of the deal. ### The 'Pact of Steel' ![The 'Pact of Steel'](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/042f6872-0d7d-41e7-83f4-e42aae3ed63d/shutterstock_73792807.jpg) - This pact was signed by Germany and Italy in May 1939. - This pact stated that these countries would support one another if war broke out. ### The Nazi-Soviet Pact ![The Nazi-Soviet Pact](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/042f6872-0d7d-41e7-83f4-e42aae3ed63d/shutterstock_73792807.jpg) - Despite not trusting the Nazis, Stalin (the Soviet leader) negotiated with them after the Munich Conference. - In August 1939, the USSR and Germany formally agreed to not attack one another by signing the Nazi-Soviet Pact. This pact also included secret plans to divide Poland up between them. ### Invasion of Poland ![Invasion of Poland](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/cf4e0971-4695-40ae-bbd7-76fdaa137a98/shutterstock_249573640.jpg) - The Nazis invaded Poland on the 1st of September, 1939. - Hitler was ordered to leave by France and Britain. - When Hitler refused, Britain declared war. This happened on the 3rd of September, 1939. ## Why Did the League of Nations Fail? The original aims of keeping peace and promoting international cooperation were not achieved by the League of Nations. Its influence began to decrease after its major failures and eventually fell apart in 1946. ### Was the League always bound to fail? ![Was the League always bound to fail?](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/f7df167d-d1ef-4709-9a5f-95fc2035ee87/shutterstock_418427128%20(1).jpg) - The refusal of the USA to join put Britain and France in a difficult position. - Britain and France were overstretched in trying to financially and militarily support the League by themselves. - The Treaty of Versailles established the League. - And so had to defend the unpopular Treaty. ### Failing of the League ![Failing of the League](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/5648c826-f8ec-41f4-b8f7-a0477cd6d9a4/russia-throne-%20.jpg) - By not initially letting Germany or Russia sign, the League excluded two nations that were capable of big contributions. - The League's ineffective and slow decision-making was a by-product of its clumsy organisational structure. ### Bad decisions ![Bad decisions](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/71b9565e-37c9-4bd9-a93f-f002972950ef/shutterstock_772927498.jpg) - The League lacked the strength to counter aggressive moves. - The League failed to appropriately deal with ambitious members. - The Covenant was abused by lots of members. - Who decided to leave when challenged about their violations. - The League allowed alliances to sneak back into play in place of cooperation. - As soon as faith in the League began to diminish, countries boosted their military capacity in expectation of another war. ### Control ![Control](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-05/03372bb6-def2-4b62-9b94-69894b8ae03d/shutterstock_238058275.jpg) - The global political situation became much more tense because of The Great Depression of the 1930s. - The weakening of the economies of League members made them less capable of responding to international threats. - As they were preoccupied with dealing with issues closer to home. - There is also the argument that stopping Hitler and Mussolini was a task too great for any organisation. ## Test yourself on WWII & Failure of the League of Nations - What was the name of the pact signed by Germany and Italy in May 1939? - On what date did Britain declare war with Germany at the start of WWII? - Which countries signed the 'Pact of Steel' in May 1939? - When did the League of Nations officially fall apart? - Which of the following countries chose not to become a member of the League of Nations? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/bde822bc-1ee8-46a6-8c98-090be2f1d690/section/4a422d12-e754-4850-bfa3-f7f197933c24/session) - Previous topic: [3.2.3 Tension in Europe in the 1930s](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-3-tension-in-europe-in-the-1930s.md) - Next topic: [3.2.5 Weak Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-5-weak-nations.md) ## History: Cambridge International GCSE The Twentieth Century (Option B) contents ### 1 Was the Treaty of Versailles Fair? - 1.1 What were the Motives and Aims at Versailles? - [1.1.1 The Treaty of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-1-1-the-treaty-of-versailles.md) - [1.1.2 Roles of Wilson, Clemenceau & George](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-1-2-roles-of-wilson-clemenceau-and-george.md) - 1.2 Did the Victors Get Everything They Wanted? - [1.2.1 The Terms: Territory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-1-the-terms-territory.md) - [1.2.2 The Terms: Reparations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-2-the-terms-reparations.md) - [1.2.3 The Terms: Armaments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-3-the-terms-armaments.md) - [1.2.4 The Terms: War Guilt](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-4-the-terms-war-guilt.md) - [1.2.5 The League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-5-the-league-of-nations.md) - [1.2.6 French Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-6-french-reaction.md) - [1.2.7 American Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-7-american-reaction.md) - [1.2.8 British Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-8-british-reaction.md) - [1.2.9 Countries Left Out of the Treaty of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-2-9-countries-left-out-of-the-treaty-of-versailles.md) - 1.3 What was the Impact on Germany up to 1923? - [1.3.1 German Reaction to the Treaty](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-1-german-reaction-to-the-treaty.md) - [1.3.2 Germany’s Allies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-2-germanys-allies.md) - [1.3.3 Economic Impacts: Ruhr & Hyperinflation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-3-economic-impacts-ruhr-and-hyperinflation.md) - [1.3.4 Social Impacts of the Treaty in Germany](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-4-social-impacts-of-the-treaty-in-germany.md) - [1.3.5 Political Impacts of the Treaty on Germany](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-5-political-impacts-of-the-treaty-on-germany.md) - [1.3.6 Reducing Reparation: The Dawes Plan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-3-6-reducing-reparation-the-dawes-plan.md) - 1.4 Could the Treaty be Justified at the Time? - [1.4.1 Positives & Negatives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-4-1-positives-and-negatives.md) - [1.4.2 Contemporary Opinions About the Treaty](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/1-4-2-contemporary-opinions-about-the-treaty.md) ### 2 Was the League of Nations a Success? - 2.1 How did Weaknesses in the League Lead to Failure? - [2.1.1 The League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-1-the-league-of-nations.md) - [2.1.2 Structure of the League: Assembly & Council](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-2-structure-of-the-league-assembly-and-council.md) - [2.1.3 Structure of the League: Special Commissions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-3-structure-of-the-league-special-commissions.md) - [2.1.4 Structure of the League: Permanent Court](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-4-structure-of-the-league-permanent-court.md) - [2.1.5 Structure of the League: Secretariat](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-5-structure-of-the-league-secretariat.md) - [2.1.6 Financial Crisis in the World](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-1-6-financial-crisis-in-the-world.md) - 2.2 The League’s Success in Peacekeeping - [2.2.1 Successes: International Borders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-1-successes-international-borders.md) - [2.2.2 Successes: International Agreements](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-2-successes-international-agreements.md) - [2.2.3 Failures: Vilna (1920)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-3-failures-vilna-1920.md) - [2.2.4 Åland Islands 1920-21](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-4-aland-islands-1920-21.md) - [2.2.5 Failures: Corfu 1923](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-5-failures-corfu-1923.md) - [2.2.6 Failures: Bulgaria 1925](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-2-6-failures-bulgaria-1925.md) - 2.3 How Important was the League's Humanitarian Work? - [2.3.1 Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-3-1-refugees-health-slavery-working-conditions-1.md) - [2.3.2 Refugees, Health, Slavery, Working Conditions 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-3-2-refugees-health-slavery-working-conditions-2.md) - 2.4 How did the Depression Impact the League? - [2.4.1 The Great Depression, 1929](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-4-1-the-great-depression-1929.md) - [2.4.2 The Manchurian Crisis, 1931](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-4-2-the-manchurian-crisis-1931.md) - [2.4.3 Invasion of Abyssinia, 1935](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/2-4-3-invasion-of-abyssinia-1935.md) ### 3 How did Hitler's Foreign Policy Impact the War? - 3.1 What were the Long-Term Consequences of Versailles - [3.1.1 Long-Term Consequences of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-1-1-long-term-consequences-of-versailles.md) - 3.2 What were the Consequences of the League's Failure - [3.2.1 The Disarmament Conference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-1-the-disarmament-conference.md) - [3.2.2 Collapse of the League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-2-collapse-of-the-league-of-nations.md) - [3.2.3 Tension in Europe in the 1930s](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-3-tension-in-europe-in-the-1930s.md) - [3.2.4 WWII & Failure of the League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-4-wwii-and-failure-of-the-league-of-nations.md) - [3.2.5 Weak Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-2-5-weak-nations.md) - 3.3 Was the Policy of Appeasement Justified? - [3.3.1 The Spanish Civil War, 1936-39](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-1-the-spanish-civil-war-1936-39.md) - [3.3.2 The Sudetenland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-2-the-sudetenland.md) - [3.3.3 Arguments for Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-3-arguments-for-appeasement.md) - [3.3.4 Arguments Against Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-4-arguments-against-appeasement.md) - [3.3.5 Reasons & Acts of Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-5-reasons-and-acts-of-appeasement.md) - [3.3.6 Impact of Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-3-6-impact-of-appeasement.md) - 3.4 How Important was the Nazi-Soviet Pact? - [3.4.1 The Nazi-Soviet Pact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-4-1-the-nazi-soviet-pact.md) - [3.4.2 The Polish Crisis & the Outbreak of War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-4-2-the-polish-crisis-and-the-outbreak-of-war.md) - 3.5 Why did Britain & France Declare War on Germany? - [3.5.1 The Guarantee for Poland and the War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-1-the-guarantee-for-poland-and-the-war.md) - [3.5.2 Hitler’s Foreign Policy & Rearmament](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-2-hitlers-foreign-policy-and-rearmament.md) - [3.5.3 Hitler's Plan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-3-hitlers-plan.md) - [3.5.4 The Saar](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-4-the-saar.md) - [3.5.5 Remilitarisation of the Rhineland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-5-remilitarisation-of-the-rhineland.md) - [3.5.6 The Rome-Berlin Axis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-6-the-rome-berlin-axis.md) - [3.5.7 Germany & Italy in the Spanish War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-7-germany-and-italy-in-the-spanish-war.md) - [3.5.8 The Anti-Comintern Pact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-8-the-anti-comintern-pact.md) - [3.5.9 Anschluss with Austria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-9-anschluss-with-austria.md) - [3.5.10 The Munich Agreement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-10-the-munich-agreement.md) - [3.5.11 The Crisis over Czechoslovakia](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/3-5-11-the-crisis-over-czechoslovakia.md) ### 4 Who was to Blame for the Cold War? - 4.1 Why did the US-Soviet Alliance Break Down? - [4.1.1 Cold War - Definition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-1-cold-war-definition.md) - [4.1.2 The Grand Alliance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-2-the-grand-alliance.md) - [4.1.3 The 1945 Summit Conferences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-3-the-1945-summit-conferences.md) - [4.1.4 Early US-Soviet Relations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-4-early-us-soviet-relations.md) - [4.1.5 The Breakdown of the US-Soviet Alliance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-5-the-breakdown-of-the-us-soviet-alliance.md) - [4.1.6 Attitudes of Truman & Stalin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-6-attitudes-of-truman-and-stalin.md) - [4.1.7 US & Soviet Attitudes to Peace](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-1-7-us-and-soviet-attitudes-to-peace.md) - 4.2 How did the USSR Gain Control of Eastern Europe? - [4.2.1 The USSR & Eastern Europe](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-2-1-the-ussr-and-eastern-europe.md) - 4.3 How did the US React to Soviet Expansionism? - [4.3.1 The Beginning of the Cold War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-1-the-beginning-of-the-cold-war.md) - [4.3.2 The Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-2-the-truman-doctrine-and-marshall-plan.md) - [4.3.3 East-West Boundaries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-3-east-west-boundaries.md) - [4.3.4 Berlin Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-3-4-berlin-crisis.md) - 4.4 What were the Consequences of the Berlin Blockade? - [4.4.1 Germany](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-1-germany.md) - [4.4.2 Bizonia](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-2-bizonia.md) - [4.4.3 Berlin Blockade](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-3-berlin-blockade.md) - [4.4.4 FRG & GDR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-4-frg-and-gdr.md) - [4.4.5 NATO](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-5-nato.md) - [4.4.6 Warsaw Pact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-4-6-warsaw-pact.md) - 4.5 Who was More to Blame for Starting the Cold War? - [4.5.1 The Responsibility for Cold War Tensions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-1-the-responsibility-for-cold-war-tensions.md) - [4.5.2 Blame on the USRR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-2-blame-on-the-usrr.md) - [4.5.3 Blame on the US](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-3-blame-on-the-us.md) - [4.5.4 Sharing the Blame](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/4-5-4-sharing-the-blame.md) ### 5 Did the US Contain the Spread of Communism? - 5.1 The US and Korea, 1950-53 - [5.1.1 The US and Korea: Background to the Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-1-1-the-us-and-korea-background-to-the-crisis.md) - [5.1.2 The Korean War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-1-2-the-korean-war.md) - [5.1.3 The Course of the Korean War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-1-3-the-course-of-the-korean-war.md) - 5.2 The US and Cuba, 1959-62 - [5.2.1 Build-Up to the Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-2-1-build-up-to-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md) - [5.2.2 The Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-2-2-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md) - [5.2.3 Consequence of the Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-2-3-consequence-of-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md) - 5.3 The US and Vietnam, 1955-75 - [5.3.1 French Rule in Vietnam](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-1-french-rule-in-vietnam.md) - [5.3.2 President Eisenhower](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-2-president-eisenhower.md) - [5.3.3 President Kennedy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-3-president-kennedy.md) - [5.3.4 The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 1964](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-4-the-gulf-of-tonkin-incident-1964.md) - [5.3.5 US Tactics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-5-us-tactics.md) - [5.3.6 Vietcong Tactics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-6-vietcong-tactics.md) - [5.3.7 The Vietcong](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-7-the-vietcong.md) - [5.3.8 The My Lai Massacre, 1968](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-8-the-my-lai-massacre-1968.md) - [5.3.9 Vietnamisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-9-vietnamisation.md) - [5.3.10 The Tet Offensive, 1968](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-10-the-tet-offensive-1968.md) - [5.3.11 Attacks on Cambodia & Laos](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-11-attacks-on-cambodia-and-laos.md) - [5.3.12 The Bombing of North Vietnam](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-12-the-bombing-of-north-vietnam.md) - [5.3.13 The Failure of Vietnamisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-13-the-failure-of-vietnamisation.md) - [5.3.14 The Growth of Opposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-14-the-growth-of-opposition.md) - [5.3.15 The Draft System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-15-the-draft-system.md) - [5.3.16 The Kent State University Shootings, 1970](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-16-the-kent-state-university-shootings-1970.md) - [5.3.17 Political Opposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-17-political-opposition.md) - [5.3.18 Reasons for Support 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-18-reasons-for-support-1.md) - [5.3.19 Reasons for Support 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-19-reasons-for-support-2.md) - [5.3.20 Political Support](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-20-political-support.md) - [5.3.21 Peace Negotiations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-21-peace-negotiations.md) - [5.3.22 The Paris Peace Accords, 1973](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-22-the-paris-peace-accords-1973.md) - [5.3.23 Economic & Human Costs 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-23-economic-and-human-costs-1.md) - [5.3.24 Economic & Human Costs 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-24-economic-and-human-costs-2.md) - [5.3.25 The Strengths of North Vietnam 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-25-the-strengths-of-north-vietnam-1.md) - [5.3.26 The Strengths of North Vietnam 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-26-the-strengths-of-north-vietnam-2.md) - [5.3.27 The Weaknesses of the US 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-27-the-weaknesses-of-the-us-1.md) - [5.3.28 The Weaknesses of the US 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-28-the-weaknesses-of-the-us-2.md) - [5.3.29 Opposition in the US](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-29-opposition-in-the-us.md) - [5.3.30 Reasons Why USA Lost](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/5-3-30-reasons-why-usa-lost.md) ### 6 How was USSR's Control Over Eastern Europe? - 6.1 Opposition to Control in Hungary & Czechoslovakia - [6.1.1 Causes of Opposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-1-causes-of-opposition.md) - [6.1.2 The Hungarian Uprising](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-2-the-hungarian-uprising.md) - [6.1.3 Czechoslovakia, 1968](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-3-czechoslovakia-1968.md) - [6.1.4 Reaction to the Brezhnev Doctrine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-1-4-reaction-to-the-brezhnev-doctrine.md) - 6.2 Similarities Between Hungary & Czechoslovakia - [6.2.1 Hungary and Czechoslovakia 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-2-1-hungary-and-czechoslovakia-1.md) - [6.2.2 Hungary & Czechoslovakia 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-2-2-hungary-and-czechoslovakia-2.md) - 6.3 Why was the Berlin Wall Built? - [6.3.1 The Berlin Wall 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-3-1-the-berlin-wall-1.md) - [6.3.2 The Berlin Wall 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-3-2-the-berlin-wall-2.md) - [6.3.3 The U2 Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-3-3-the-u2-crisis.md) - 6.4 Solidarity in Poland & Soviet Influence - [6.4.1 Solidarity in Poland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-4-1-solidarity-in-poland.md) - 6.5 Gorbachev's Responsibility - [6.5.1 Reagan & Gorbachev](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-1-reagan-and-gorbachev.md) - [6.5.2 Reagan and the ‘Second Cold War’](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-2-reagan-and-the-second-cold-war.md) - [6.5.3 The Collapse of Soviet Control](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-3-the-collapse-of-soviet-control.md) - [6.5.4 The Collapse of the USSR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/history/cambridge-international/6-5-4-the-collapse-of-the-ussr.md)