Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-9-low-impact-farming [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [IGCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse.md) › [Geography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography.md) › [Cambridge International](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international.md) › Low Impact Farming # Low Impact Farming Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams), topic 10.3.9 ## How to Create Sustainable Food Supplies? Organic farming, permaculture, urban farming, sustainable sources of meat and fish, eating seasonal foods and reducing waste are all ways of improving food security and ensuring the sustainability of food supplies. ### Organic farming ![Organic farming](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/1fe1ccba-d013-454f-9d1d-084c05283e34/shutterstock_786555043.jpg) - Organic foods are grown without using certain pesticides or chemicals to accelerate the food's growth or to kill off insects. - This increases the health of the soil and reduces the risk of water pollution via surface runoff. - Consumers usually pay higher prices for organic food, but it is usually from a sustainable and more environmentally-friendly source. ### Urban farming initiatives ![Urban farming initiatives](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/b94c6240-236a-4ca7-bd58-c8b1ba978a63/shutterstock_1010959666.jpg) - Urban farming initiatives include building vertical farming warehouses in cities and growing crops in small green spaces in cities. - Businesses like Farmdrop and Oddbox try to connect consumers with local farmers to buy fresh, local produce. Farmers' markets allow farmers to sell their own produce. This reduces the number of food miles by connecting local consumers with nearby producers. - Encouraging local producers, instead of importing produce should increase a nation's food security. ### Reducing waste ![Reducing waste](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-01/7df50d70-4a03-4c30-889e-a534fc17812b/green-waste-513609_1280.jpg) - 1.3 billion tonnes of food (one-third of all food produced) is wasted each year according to the UN. - Businesses like Oddbox sell people 'disfigured' or 'ugly' vegetables which supermarkets won't stock or sell. This helps to reduce food waste, as realistically, how a carrot or aubergine looks doesn't really matter once eaten. - Other awareness campaigns like 'Love Food Hate Waste' try to decrease food waste. ### Eating seasonal foods ![Eating seasonal foods](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/645ecf65-c0f3-48ee-9fed-8184283eb1f2/shutterstock_135572054.jpg) - Thanet Earth produces 12% of the UK's tomatoes and produces tomatoes all year round. This reduces food miles, by reducing food imports. - We could ensure that people eat more seasonal food by: - Changing the food that people eat throughout the year. - Changing the seasons when we can grow crops locally using GM or projects like Thanet Earth. This is likely to be easier than changing people's behaviour. - Eating seasonal produce that is grown locally is a good way to reduce food miles and the carbon dioxide emissions caused by the transportation of food. ### Sustainable sources of meat and fish ![Sustainable sources of meat and fish](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/5.2.2%20Characteristics%20of%20the%203%20kinds%20of%20emission/cow-431729_640.jpg) - Over-fishing can harm fish populations in the long-term (a bit like how overgrazing and overfarming can lead to soil erosion). - Grain-fed beef (cows eating grain) have a lower carbon footprint than grass-fed beef because grass-fed cows are killed at an older age but at a lighter weight. - However, cows grazing on grasslands improves soil quality. - Businesses like Impossible Foods and Memphis Meats are trying to grow artificial meat in laboratories. ### Permaculture ![Permaculture](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/4b18f9ed-0700-475f-bb33-a211cda9b29c/shutterstock_317212034.jpg) - Permaculture is a way of thinking, behaving, and designing systems in farming and livestock rearing. - It involves thinking about growing your own food, the sustainability of different products and encouraging local food sourcing. - The movement behind veganism and reducing people's meat consumption is linked to permaculture. - Permaculture focuses on building on existing ecosystems and farming premises, rather than disrupting them completely. ## Test yourself on Low Impact Farming - What do businesses like Oddbox and Farmdrop connecting consumers with local produce reduce? - Which of the following is not an example of low impact farming? - Which type of cow farming produces lower carbon emissions? - What proportion of food produced globally is wasted? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/88bcf69f-fcc5-4424-b69d-5f2ea23d2e00/section/0d74b0e7-1579-4309-aae5-c20e4a32f2a0/session) - Previous topic: [10.3.8 Soil Erosion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-8-soil-erosion.md) - Next topic: [10.3.10 Mathematical Skills: Food](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-10-mathematical-skills-food.md) ## Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams) contents ### 1 Paper 1 - Changing River Environnments - 1.1 Characteristics of Rivers - [1.1.1 The Long Profile](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-1-1-the-long-profile.md) - [1.1.2 Characteristics of Rivers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-1-2-characteristics-of-rivers.md) - 1.2 River Landforms - [1.2.1 Waterfalls & Gorges](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-1-waterfalls-and-gorges.md) - [1.2.2 Meanders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-2-meanders.md) - [1.2.3 Oxbow Lakes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-3-oxbow-lakes.md) - [1.2.4 Levees](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-4-levees.md) - [1.2.5 Floodplains](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-5-floodplains.md) - [1.2.6 Deltas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-6-deltas.md) - [1.2.7 Interlocking Spurs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-7-interlocking-spurs.md) - 1.3 Rivers: Opportunities & Hazards - [1.3.1 River Pollution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-3-1-river-pollution.md) - [1.3.2 River Pollution in the River Thames](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-3-2-river-pollution-in-the-river-thames.md) - 1.4 The Bradshaw Model - [1.4.1 The Bradshaw Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-4-1-the-bradshaw-model.md) - 1.5 The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle - [1.5.1 The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-5-1-the-drainage-basin-and-the-water-cycle.md) - 1.6 Processes Operating in a Drainage Basin - [1.6.1 Hydrological Cycle in a Drainage Basin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-6-1-hydrological-cycle-in-a-drainage-basin.md) - [1.6.2 Processes in a Drainage Basin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-6-2-processes-in-a-drainage-basin.md) - 1.7 Processes Operating in a River - [1.7.1 Erosion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-1-erosion.md) - [1.7.2 Transportation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-2-transportation.md) - [1.7.3 Deposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-3-deposition.md) - [1.7.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Upper Course](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-4-diagnostic-misconceptions-upper-course.md) - [1.7.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Deposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-deposition.md) ### 2 Paper 1 - Changing Coastal Environments - 2.1 Physical Processes that Shape the Coast - [2.1.1 Processes of Erosion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-1-processes-of-erosion.md) - [2.1.2 Corrosion & Corrasion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-2-corrosion-and-corrasion.md) - [2.1.3 Transportation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-3-transportation.md) - [2.1.4 Deposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-4-deposition.md) - [2.1.5 Longshore Drift](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-5-longshore-drift.md) - [2.1.6 Types of Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-6-types-of-waves.md) - [2.1.7 Case Study: The Holderness Coast (UK)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-7-case-study-the-holderness-coast-uk.md) - [2.1.8 Case Study: The Holderness Coast - Management](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-8-case-study-the-holderness-coast-management.md) - [2.1.9 Case Study: The Holderness Coast - Defences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-9-case-study-the-holderness-coast-defences.md) - [2.1.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Swash & Backwash](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-swash-and-backwash.md) - 2.2 Landforms - [2.2.1 Headlands & Bays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-1-headlands-and-bays.md) - [2.2.2 Beaches, Stumps, & Cliffs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-2-beaches-stumps-and-cliffs.md) - [2.2.3 Wave-cut Platforms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-3-wave-cut-platforms.md) - [2.2.4 Caves, Arches, & Stacks](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-4-caves-arches-and-stacks.md) - [2.2.5 Spits, Bars, & Sand Dunes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-5-spits-bars-and-sand-dunes.md) - [2.2.6 Discordant & Concordant Coastlines](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-6-discordant-and-concordant-coastlines.md) - 2.3 Opportunities & Hazards - [2.3.1 Opportunities & Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-1-opportunities-and-hazards.md) - [2.3.2 Managing Flooding - Hard Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-2-managing-flooding-hard-engineering.md) - [2.3.3 Coastal Management - Hard Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-3-coastal-management-hard-engineering.md) - [2.3.4 Coastal Management - More Hard Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-4-coastal-management-more-hard-engineering.md) - [2.3.5 Coastal Management - Soft Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-5-coastal-management-soft-engineering.md) - [2.3.6 End of Topic Test - Rivers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-6-end-of-topic-test-rivers.md) - [2.3.7 End of Topic Test -Coasts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-7-end-of-topic-test-coasts.md) - 2.4 Tropical Storms - [2.4.1 Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-1-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.2 Structure of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-2-structure-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.3 Causes of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-3-causes-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.4 Effects of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-4-effects-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.5 Hazards of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-5-hazards-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.6 Case Study: Hurricane Katrina - Effects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-6-case-study-hurricane-katrina-effects.md) - [2.4.7 Case Study: Hurricane Katrina - Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-7-case-study-hurricane-katrina-responses.md) - [2.4.8 Case Study: Cyclone Nargis - Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-8-case-study-cyclone-nargis-responses.md) - [2.4.9 Case Study: Cyclone Nargis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-9-case-study-cyclone-nargis.md) - [2.4.10 Mathematical Skills: Weather Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-10-mathematical-skills-weather-hazards.md) - [2.4.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Rainfall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-rainfall.md) - 2.5 Protection & Management - [2.5.1 Coral Reefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-1-coral-reefs.md) - [2.5.2 Types of Reefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-2-types-of-reefs.md) - [2.5.3 Importance of Coral Reefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-3-importance-of-coral-reefs.md) - [2.5.4 Mangrove Swamps](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-4-mangrove-swamps.md) - [2.5.5 Importance of Mangroves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-5-importance-of-mangroves.md) ### 3 Paper 1 - Changing Ecosystems - 3.1 Antarctic - [3.1.1 Features of the Antartic Ecosystem](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-1-1-features-of-the-antartic-ecosystem.md) - [3.1.2 Factors Influencing the Antarctic](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-1-2-factors-influencing-the-antarctic.md) - [3.1.3 Abiotic–Biotic Factors & Adaptations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-1-3-abiotic-biotic-factors-and-adaptations.md) - 3.2 Threats to the Antarctic - [3.2.1 Antarctic: Threats & Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-2-1-antarctic-threats-and-impacts.md) - [3.2.2 Antarctic: Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-2-2-antarctic-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - 3.3 Tropical Rainforest - [3.3.1 Global Distribution & Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-3-1-global-distribution-and-characteristics.md) - [3.3.2 Tropical Rainforest: Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-3-2-tropical-rainforest-structure.md) - [3.3.3 Tropical Rainforest: Interrelationships](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-3-3-tropical-rainforest-interrelationships.md) - 3.4 Tropical Rainforest: Threats - [3.4.1 ThreatsThreats & Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-1-threatsthreats-and-impacts.md) - [3.4.2 Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-2-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - [3.4.3 Mathematical Skills: Deforestation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-3-mathematical-skills-deforestation.md) - [3.4.4 Rainforest Case Study](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-4-rainforest-case-study.md) ### 4 Paper 1 - Tectonic Hazards - 4.1 The Structure of the Earth - [4.1.1 Structure of the Earth: Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-1-structure-of-the-earth-characteristics.md) - [4.1.2 Tectonic Plates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-2-tectonic-plates.md) - [4.1.3 Plate Margins](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-3-plate-margins.md) - [4.1.4 Plate Boundaries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-4-plate-boundaries.md) - [4.1.5 Earthquakes at Plate Margins](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-5-earthquakes-at-plate-margins.md) - 4.2 The Processes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - [4.2.1 Earthquakes: Processes & Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-1-earthquakes-processes-and-characteristics.md) - [4.2.2 Earthquake Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-2-earthquake-hazards.md) - [4.2.3 Types of Volcano](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-3-types-of-volcano.md) - [4.2.4 Classification & Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-4-classification-and-features.md) - [4.2.5 Volcanic Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-5-volcanic-hazards.md) - [4.2.6 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Lava](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-6-diagnostic-misconceptions-lava.md) - [4.2.7 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Location of Volcanoes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-7-diagnostic-misconceptions-location-of-volcanoes.md) - [4.2.8 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Focus vs Epicentre](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-focus-vs-epicentre.md) - [4.2.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Sliding Plates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-sliding-plates.md) - 4.3 The Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - [4.3.1 Why do People Live Near Volcanoes?](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-1-why-do-people-live-near-volcanoes.md) - [4.3.2 Primary Effects of Volcanoes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-2-primary-effects-of-volcanoes.md) - [4.3.3 Secondary Effects of Volcanoes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-3-secondary-effects-of-volcanoes.md) - [4.3.4 Measuring Earthquakes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-4-measuring-earthquakes.md) - 4.4 Managing the Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - [4.4.1 Managing Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - Monitoring](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-1-managing-impacts-of-tectonic-hazards-monitoring.md) - [4.4.2 Managing Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - Planning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-2-managing-impacts-of-tectonic-hazards-planning.md) - [4.4.3 Case Study: Agung](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-3-case-study-agung.md) - [4.4.4 Case Study: Christchurch](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-4-case-study-christchurch.md) - [4.4.5 Mathematic Skills: Tectonic Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-5-mathematic-skills-tectonic-hazards.md) ### 5 Paper 1 - Climate Change - 5.1 Natural & Human Causes of Climate Change - [5.1.1 Climate Change: Evidence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-1-climate-change-evidence.md) - [5.1.2 Climate Change: Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-2-climate-change-factors.md) - [5.1.3 Climate Change: Human Influence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-3-climate-change-human-influence.md) - [5.1.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Greenhouse Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-4-diagnostic-misconceptions-greenhouse-effect.md) - [5.1.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - 1°C Change in Temp.](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-1%C2%B0c-change-in-temp.md) - 5.2 Impacts of Climate Change - [5.2.1 Impact on the Environment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-2-1-impact-on-the-environment.md) - [5.2.2 Impact on People](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-2-2-impact-on-people.md) - [5.2.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Species Adaptation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-2-3-diagnostic-misconceptions-species-adaptation.md) - 5.3 Responses to Climate Change - [5.3.1 Climate Change: Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-3-1-climate-change-strategies.md) - [5.3.2 Evaluation of Mitigation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-3-2-evaluation-of-mitigation.md) - [5.3.3 Climate Change: Case Study](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-3-3-climate-change-case-study.md) ### 6 Paper 2 - Changing Populations - 6.1 Populations Grow & Decline - [6.1.1 Reasons for Growth & Decline](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-1-reasons-for-growth-and-decline.md) - [6.1.2 Patterns & Trends](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-2-patterns-and-trends.md) - [6.1.3 Evaluation of Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-3-evaluation-of-impacts.md) - [6.1.4 Demographic Transition Model (DTM)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-4-demographic-transition-model-dtm.md) - [6.1.5 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-5-stages-of-the-demographic-transition-model.md) - [6.1.6 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Declining Birth Rate](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-6-diagnostic-misconceptions-declining-birth-rate.md) - 6.2 Population Structures Over Time - [6.2.1 Factors Influencing Birth Rates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-1-factors-influencing-birth-rates.md) - [6.2.2 Factors Influencing Death Rates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-2-factors-influencing-death-rates.md) - [6.2.3 Population Policies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-3-population-policies.md) - [6.2.4 Population Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-4-population-structure.md) - [6.2.5 Population Pyramids](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-5-population-pyramids.md) - [6.2.6 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-6-case-study-uks-ageing-population-causes.md) - [6.2.7 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Effects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-7-case-study-uks-ageing-population-effects.md) - [6.2.8 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-8-case-study-uks-ageing-population-responses.md) - 6.3 Causes & Impacts of International Migration - [6.3.1 Migration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-1-migration.md) - [6.3.2 Impacts of Migration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-2-impacts-of-migration.md) - [6.3.3 Types of Migrant & Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-3-types-of-migrant-and-causes.md) - [6.3.4 Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-4-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - [6.3.5 Case Study: Afghanistan to Pakistan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-5-case-study-afghanistan-to-pakistan.md) - [6.3.6 Case Study: Mexico to the USA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-6-case-study-mexico-to-the-usa.md) - [6.3.7 End of Topic Test - Populations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-7-end-of-topic-test-populations.md) ### 7 Paper 2 - Changing Towns & Cities - 7.1 Where People Live - [7.1.1 Variations in Global Population](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-1-1-variations-in-global-population.md) - 7.2 Opportunities & Challenges of Urbanisation - [7.2.1 Opportunities & Challenges](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-1-opportunities-and-challenges.md) - [7.2.2 Impact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-2-impact.md) - [7.2.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Inequality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-3-diagnostic-misconceptions-inequality.md) - [7.2.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Urbanisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-4-diagnostic-misconceptions-urbanisation.md) - [7.2.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Megacities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-megacities.md) - 7.3 Management of Urban Growth - [7.3.1 Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-1-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - [7.3.2 Case Study: Notting Hill & Leicester](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-2-case-study-notting-hill-and-leicester.md) - [7.3.3 Mathematical Skills: Urban Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-3-mathematical-skills-urban-issues.md) - [7.3.4 End of Topic Test - Urbanisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-4-end-of-topic-test-urbanisation.md) ### 8 Paper 2 - Development - 8.1 Measuring Development - [8.1.1 Social & Economic Indicators](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-1-social-and-economic-indicators.md) - [8.1.2 Comparing Countries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-2-comparing-countries.md) - [8.1.3 Development: Environmental Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-3-development-environmental-factors.md) - [8.1.4 Development: Historical Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-4-development-historical-factors.md) - [8.1.5 Development: Political Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-5-development-political-causes.md) - [8.1.6 Development: Social Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-6-development-social-causes.md) - [8.1.7 Development: Economic Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-7-development-economic-causes.md) - 8.2 Uneven Development - [8.2.1 Reasons for Uneven Development](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-1-reasons-for-uneven-development.md) - [8.2.2 Uneven Development: Patterns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-2-uneven-development-patterns.md) - [8.2.3 Measures of Inequality Within Countries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-3-measures-of-inequality-within-countries.md) - [8.2.4 Case Study: Inequality in China](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-4-case-study-inequality-in-china.md) - 8.3 Sustainable Development - [8.3.1 Definition & Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-3-1-definition-and-techniques.md) - [8.3.2 Case Study: Bangladesh](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-3-2-case-study-bangladesh.md) ### 9 Paper 2 - Changing Economies - 9.1 Changing Employment Structures - [9.1.1 Different Industries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-1-1-different-industries.md) - [9.1.2 Changing Employment Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-1-2-changing-employment-structure.md) - [9.1.3 Industrial Location & Distribution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-1-3-industrial-location-and-distribution.md) - 9.2 Globalisation - [9.2.1 Globalisation Definition & Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-1-globalisation-definition-and-features.md) - [9.2.2 Globalisation - Transport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-2-globalisation-transport.md) - [9.2.3 Globalisation - Communication & Banking](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-3-globalisation-communication-and-banking.md) - [9.2.4 Transnational Corporations (TNCs)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-4-transnational-corporations-tncs.md) - [9.2.5 Case Study: SEZs in China](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-5-case-study-sezs-in-china.md) - [9.2.6 Case Study: SEZs in HSBC](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-6-case-study-sezs-in-hsbc.md) - 9.3 Tourism - [9.3.1 Factors Leading to the Growth of Tourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-1-factors-leading-to-the-growth-of-tourism.md) - [9.3.2 The Butler Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-2-the-butler-model.md) - [9.3.3 Benefits of Tourism - Economic](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-3-benefits-of-tourism-economic.md) - [9.3.4 Benefits of Tourism - Social, Cultural & Env.](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-4-benefits-of-tourism-social-cultural-and-env.md) - [9.3.5 Problems with Tourism - Economic](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-5-problems-with-tourism-economic.md) - [9.3.6 Problems of Tourism - Social, Cultural & Env.](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-6-problems-of-tourism-social-cultural-and-env.md) - [9.3.7 Managing Tourism - Sustainability & Ecotourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-7-managing-tourism-sustainability-and-ecotourism.md) - [9.3.8 Managing Tourism - Quotas & Tourism Hubs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-8-managing-tourism-quotas-and-tourism-hubs.md) - [9.3.9 Case Study: Blackpool (UK)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-9-case-study-blackpool-uk.md) - [9.3.10 Mathematical Skills: Changing Economic World](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-10-mathematical-skills-changing-economic-world.md) ### 10 Paper 2 - Resource Provision - 10.1 Food - [10.1.1 Farming Types](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-1-farming-types.md) - [10.1.2 Human Inputs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-2-human-inputs.md) - [10.1.3 Physical Inputs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-3-physical-inputs.md) - [10.1.4 Green Revolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-4-green-revolution.md) - [10.1.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Food](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-food.md) - 10.2 Patterns of Food Supply & Demand - [10.2.1 Calorie Intake](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-1-calorie-intake.md) - [10.2.2 Reasons for Changing Global Supply](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-2-reasons-for-changing-global-supply.md) - [10.2.3 Strategies to Increase Food Supply](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-3-strategies-to-increase-food-supply.md) - [10.2.4 Reasons & Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-4-reasons-and-impacts.md) - 10.3 Challenges of Food Supply - [10.3.1 Human Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-1-human-factors.md) - [10.3.2 Natural Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-2-natural-factors.md) - [10.3.3 Impacts of Food Insecurity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-3-impacts-of-food-insecurity.md) - [10.3.4 Increasing Farm Output](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-4-increasing-farm-output.md) - [10.3.5 Food Aid](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-5-food-aid.md) - [10.3.6 Desertification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-6-desertification.md) - [10.3.7 Reducing the Risk of Desertification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-7-reducing-the-risk-of-desertification.md) - [10.3.8 Soil Erosion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-8-soil-erosion.md) - [10.3.9 Low Impact Farming](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-9-low-impact-farming.md) - [10.3.10 Mathematical Skills: Food](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-10-mathematical-skills-food.md) - 10.4 Energy - [10.4.1 Types of Energy: Renewable & Non-Renewable](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-1-types-of-energy-renewable-and-non-renewable.md) - [10.4.2 Non-Renewable: Fuelwood](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-2-non-renewable-fuelwood.md) - [10.4.3 Non-Renewable: Nuclear](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-3-non-renewable-nuclear.md) - [10.4.4 Non-Renewable: Fossil Fuels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-4-non-renewable-fossil-fuels.md) - [10.4.5 Renewable: Wind & Solar](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-5-renewable-wind-and-solar.md) - [10.4.6 Renewable: Wave & Tidal](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-6-renewable-wave-and-tidal.md) - [10.4.7 Renewable: Biofuel](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-7-renewable-biofuel.md) - [10.4.8 Renewable: HEP & Geothermal](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-8-renewable-hep-and-geothermal.md) - 10.5 Patterns of Energy Supply & Demand - [10.5.1 Reasons for Increasing Energy Consumption](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-5-1-reasons-for-increasing-energy-consumption.md) - [10.5.2 Energy Security](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-5-2-energy-security.md) - [10.5.3 Variations in Energy Use](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-5-3-variations-in-energy-use.md) - 10.6 Impacts of Energy Production - [10.6.1 Strategies to Increase Energy Supply](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-1-strategies-to-increase-energy-supply.md) - [10.6.2 Evaluation of the Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-2-evaluation-of-the-strategies.md) - [10.6.3 Case Study: Iceland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-3-case-study-iceland.md) - [10.6.4 Case Study: China](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-4-case-study-china.md) - [10.6.5 Mathematical Skills: Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-5-mathematical-skills-energy.md) - [10.6.6 End of Topic Test - Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-6-end-of-topic-test-energy.md)