Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-3-impacts-of-food-insecurity [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [IGCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse.md) › [Geography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography.md) › [Cambridge International](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international.md) › Impacts of Food Insecurity # Impacts of Food Insecurity Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams), topic 10.3.3 ## Impacts of Food Shortages Listed below are some of the potential negative impacts of food insecurity and food shortages: ### Famine ![Famine](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/57c1b14b-ce8f-4413-b2e9-006f697f63f5/shutterstock_638492644.jpg) - A famine is defined as an 'extreme scarcity of food'. - If a famine goes on for long enough, people can starve to death. - Not eating enough stunts a child's growth and development, reducing children's life expectancy. - Humans can survive 3-4 weeks with no food. ### Undernutrition or malnourishment ![Undernutrition or malnourishment](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/ea75ffad-b1b8-4dc8-a7d6-675789b6997a/shutterstock_1006606036.jpg) - Undernutrition is when people do not eat enough of a certain type of vitamin, nutrient or food group. - Like famine, not eating enough of the right nutrients stunts a child's growth and development, reducing children's life expectancy. - In 2017, 520 million people in Asia were malnourished and 243 million people in Africa were malnourished. - Malnutrition can also be caused by having a diet of mostly just one crop. This means that the requirements for a balanced diet are not met. - Protein deficiency can cause Kwashiorkor. - A vitamin B1 deficiency can cause Beriberi. - Maize-based diets can lead to a lack of niacin in the body and result in Pellagra. ### Soil erosion ![Soil erosion](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/52784c31-701f-40d3-8925-17b88f622fce/shutterstock_525799600.jpg) - Soil erosion does long-term damage to the farming productivity of farmland. - When there isn't enough food to eat, farmers will overgraze their livestock, will overcultivate their land. Soil erosion will happen and the land will struggle to recover, leading to even less food production in the future. ### Rising food prices ![Rising food prices](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/33220805-dd09-403b-9496-8659336279b6/shutterstock_12216217.jpg) - If people demand the same amount of food, but the amount of food available has fallen, food prices will rise. - This means that poorer people will be the people who cannot afford food anymore. - However, higher prices do incentivise farmers to sell more produce (instead of keeping it for themselves) and to grow more crops in the future. ### Social unrest ![Social unrest](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/af6063ef-aec7-497a-9676-06921732cd54/shutterstock_623531252.jpg) - The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the French Revolution of the 1780s both happened when harvests were bad and people didn't have enough to eat. - When people are starving, they often blame their governments. This can lead to riots, civil wars, or revolutions. - Even in less serious crises, people will stockpile and horde food for themselves. ## Test yourself on Impacts of Food Insecurity - What are the potential negative impacts of food insecurity? - Which 2 revolutions were triggered by bad harvests? - What happens to food prices when supply decreases but demand stays the same? - How long can humans survive without food? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/88bcf69f-fcc5-4424-b69d-5f2ea23d2e00/section/0d59f0a0-9f61-4155-912a-c31e1936c18f/session) - Previous topic: [10.3.2 Natural Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-2-natural-factors.md) - Next topic: [10.3.4 Increasing Farm Output](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-4-increasing-farm-output.md) ## Geography: Cambridge International GCSE (2027 Exams) contents ### 1 Paper 1 - Changing River Environnments - 1.1 Characteristics of Rivers - [1.1.1 The Long Profile](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-1-1-the-long-profile.md) - [1.1.2 Characteristics of Rivers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-1-2-characteristics-of-rivers.md) - 1.2 River Landforms - [1.2.1 Waterfalls & Gorges](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-1-waterfalls-and-gorges.md) - [1.2.2 Meanders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-2-meanders.md) - [1.2.3 Oxbow Lakes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-3-oxbow-lakes.md) - [1.2.4 Levees](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-4-levees.md) - [1.2.5 Floodplains](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-5-floodplains.md) - [1.2.6 Deltas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-6-deltas.md) - [1.2.7 Interlocking Spurs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-2-7-interlocking-spurs.md) - 1.3 Rivers: Opportunities & Hazards - [1.3.1 River Pollution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-3-1-river-pollution.md) - [1.3.2 River Pollution in the River Thames](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-3-2-river-pollution-in-the-river-thames.md) - 1.4 The Bradshaw Model - [1.4.1 The Bradshaw Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-4-1-the-bradshaw-model.md) - 1.5 The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle - [1.5.1 The Drainage Basin & the Water Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-5-1-the-drainage-basin-and-the-water-cycle.md) - 1.6 Processes Operating in a Drainage Basin - [1.6.1 Hydrological Cycle in a Drainage Basin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-6-1-hydrological-cycle-in-a-drainage-basin.md) - [1.6.2 Processes in a Drainage Basin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-6-2-processes-in-a-drainage-basin.md) - 1.7 Processes Operating in a River - [1.7.1 Erosion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-1-erosion.md) - [1.7.2 Transportation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-2-transportation.md) - [1.7.3 Deposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-3-deposition.md) - [1.7.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Upper Course](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-4-diagnostic-misconceptions-upper-course.md) - [1.7.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Deposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/1-7-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-deposition.md) ### 2 Paper 1 - Changing Coastal Environments - 2.1 Physical Processes that Shape the Coast - [2.1.1 Processes of Erosion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-1-processes-of-erosion.md) - [2.1.2 Corrosion & Corrasion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-2-corrosion-and-corrasion.md) - [2.1.3 Transportation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-3-transportation.md) - [2.1.4 Deposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-4-deposition.md) - [2.1.5 Longshore Drift](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-5-longshore-drift.md) - [2.1.6 Types of Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-6-types-of-waves.md) - [2.1.7 Case Study: The Holderness Coast (UK)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-7-case-study-the-holderness-coast-uk.md) - [2.1.8 Case Study: The Holderness Coast - Management](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-8-case-study-the-holderness-coast-management.md) - [2.1.9 Case Study: The Holderness Coast - Defences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-9-case-study-the-holderness-coast-defences.md) - [2.1.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Swash & Backwash](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-1-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-swash-and-backwash.md) - 2.2 Landforms - [2.2.1 Headlands & Bays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-1-headlands-and-bays.md) - [2.2.2 Beaches, Stumps, & Cliffs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-2-beaches-stumps-and-cliffs.md) - [2.2.3 Wave-cut Platforms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-3-wave-cut-platforms.md) - [2.2.4 Caves, Arches, & Stacks](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-4-caves-arches-and-stacks.md) - [2.2.5 Spits, Bars, & Sand Dunes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-5-spits-bars-and-sand-dunes.md) - [2.2.6 Discordant & Concordant Coastlines](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-2-6-discordant-and-concordant-coastlines.md) - 2.3 Opportunities & Hazards - [2.3.1 Opportunities & Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-1-opportunities-and-hazards.md) - [2.3.2 Managing Flooding - Hard Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-2-managing-flooding-hard-engineering.md) - [2.3.3 Coastal Management - Hard Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-3-coastal-management-hard-engineering.md) - [2.3.4 Coastal Management - More Hard Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-4-coastal-management-more-hard-engineering.md) - [2.3.5 Coastal Management - Soft Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-5-coastal-management-soft-engineering.md) - [2.3.6 End of Topic Test - Rivers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-6-end-of-topic-test-rivers.md) - [2.3.7 End of Topic Test -Coasts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-3-7-end-of-topic-test-coasts.md) - 2.4 Tropical Storms - [2.4.1 Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-1-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.2 Structure of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-2-structure-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.3 Causes of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-3-causes-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.4 Effects of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-4-effects-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.5 Hazards of Tropical Storms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-5-hazards-of-tropical-storms.md) - [2.4.6 Case Study: Hurricane Katrina - Effects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-6-case-study-hurricane-katrina-effects.md) - [2.4.7 Case Study: Hurricane Katrina - Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-7-case-study-hurricane-katrina-responses.md) - [2.4.8 Case Study: Cyclone Nargis - Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-8-case-study-cyclone-nargis-responses.md) - [2.4.9 Case Study: Cyclone Nargis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-9-case-study-cyclone-nargis.md) - [2.4.10 Mathematical Skills: Weather Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-10-mathematical-skills-weather-hazards.md) - [2.4.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Rainfall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-4-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-rainfall.md) - 2.5 Protection & Management - [2.5.1 Coral Reefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-1-coral-reefs.md) - [2.5.2 Types of Reefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-2-types-of-reefs.md) - [2.5.3 Importance of Coral Reefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-3-importance-of-coral-reefs.md) - [2.5.4 Mangrove Swamps](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-4-mangrove-swamps.md) - [2.5.5 Importance of Mangroves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/2-5-5-importance-of-mangroves.md) ### 3 Paper 1 - Changing Ecosystems - 3.1 Antarctic - [3.1.1 Features of the Antartic Ecosystem](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-1-1-features-of-the-antartic-ecosystem.md) - [3.1.2 Factors Influencing the Antarctic](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-1-2-factors-influencing-the-antarctic.md) - [3.1.3 Abiotic–Biotic Factors & Adaptations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-1-3-abiotic-biotic-factors-and-adaptations.md) - 3.2 Threats to the Antarctic - [3.2.1 Antarctic: Threats & Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-2-1-antarctic-threats-and-impacts.md) - [3.2.2 Antarctic: Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-2-2-antarctic-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - 3.3 Tropical Rainforest - [3.3.1 Global Distribution & Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-3-1-global-distribution-and-characteristics.md) - [3.3.2 Tropical Rainforest: Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-3-2-tropical-rainforest-structure.md) - [3.3.3 Tropical Rainforest: Interrelationships](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-3-3-tropical-rainforest-interrelationships.md) - 3.4 Tropical Rainforest: Threats - [3.4.1 ThreatsThreats & Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-1-threatsthreats-and-impacts.md) - [3.4.2 Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-2-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - [3.4.3 Mathematical Skills: Deforestation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-3-mathematical-skills-deforestation.md) - [3.4.4 Rainforest Case Study](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/3-4-4-rainforest-case-study.md) ### 4 Paper 1 - Tectonic Hazards - 4.1 The Structure of the Earth - [4.1.1 Structure of the Earth: Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-1-structure-of-the-earth-characteristics.md) - [4.1.2 Tectonic Plates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-2-tectonic-plates.md) - [4.1.3 Plate Margins](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-3-plate-margins.md) - [4.1.4 Plate Boundaries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-4-plate-boundaries.md) - [4.1.5 Earthquakes at Plate Margins](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-1-5-earthquakes-at-plate-margins.md) - 4.2 The Processes of Earthquakes & Volcanoes - [4.2.1 Earthquakes: Processes & Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-1-earthquakes-processes-and-characteristics.md) - [4.2.2 Earthquake Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-2-earthquake-hazards.md) - [4.2.3 Types of Volcano](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-3-types-of-volcano.md) - [4.2.4 Classification & Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-4-classification-and-features.md) - [4.2.5 Volcanic Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-5-volcanic-hazards.md) - [4.2.6 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Lava](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-6-diagnostic-misconceptions-lava.md) - [4.2.7 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Location of Volcanoes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-7-diagnostic-misconceptions-location-of-volcanoes.md) - [4.2.8 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Focus vs Epicentre](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-focus-vs-epicentre.md) - [4.2.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Sliding Plates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-sliding-plates.md) - 4.3 The Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - [4.3.1 Why do People Live Near Volcanoes?](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-1-why-do-people-live-near-volcanoes.md) - [4.3.2 Primary Effects of Volcanoes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-2-primary-effects-of-volcanoes.md) - [4.3.3 Secondary Effects of Volcanoes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-3-secondary-effects-of-volcanoes.md) - [4.3.4 Measuring Earthquakes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-3-4-measuring-earthquakes.md) - 4.4 Managing the Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - [4.4.1 Managing Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - Monitoring](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-1-managing-impacts-of-tectonic-hazards-monitoring.md) - [4.4.2 Managing Impacts of Tectonic Hazards - Planning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-2-managing-impacts-of-tectonic-hazards-planning.md) - [4.4.3 Case Study: Agung](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-3-case-study-agung.md) - [4.4.4 Case Study: Christchurch](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-4-case-study-christchurch.md) - [4.4.5 Mathematic Skills: Tectonic Hazards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/4-4-5-mathematic-skills-tectonic-hazards.md) ### 5 Paper 1 - Climate Change - 5.1 Natural & Human Causes of Climate Change - [5.1.1 Climate Change: Evidence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-1-climate-change-evidence.md) - [5.1.2 Climate Change: Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-2-climate-change-factors.md) - [5.1.3 Climate Change: Human Influence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-3-climate-change-human-influence.md) - [5.1.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Greenhouse Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-4-diagnostic-misconceptions-greenhouse-effect.md) - [5.1.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - 1°C Change in Temp.](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-1-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-1%C2%B0c-change-in-temp.md) - 5.2 Impacts of Climate Change - [5.2.1 Impact on the Environment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-2-1-impact-on-the-environment.md) - [5.2.2 Impact on People](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-2-2-impact-on-people.md) - [5.2.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Species Adaptation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-2-3-diagnostic-misconceptions-species-adaptation.md) - 5.3 Responses to Climate Change - [5.3.1 Climate Change: Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-3-1-climate-change-strategies.md) - [5.3.2 Evaluation of Mitigation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-3-2-evaluation-of-mitigation.md) - [5.3.3 Climate Change: Case Study](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/5-3-3-climate-change-case-study.md) ### 6 Paper 2 - Changing Populations - 6.1 Populations Grow & Decline - [6.1.1 Reasons for Growth & Decline](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-1-reasons-for-growth-and-decline.md) - [6.1.2 Patterns & Trends](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-2-patterns-and-trends.md) - [6.1.3 Evaluation of Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-3-evaluation-of-impacts.md) - [6.1.4 Demographic Transition Model (DTM)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-4-demographic-transition-model-dtm.md) - [6.1.5 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-5-stages-of-the-demographic-transition-model.md) - [6.1.6 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Declining Birth Rate](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-1-6-diagnostic-misconceptions-declining-birth-rate.md) - 6.2 Population Structures Over Time - [6.2.1 Factors Influencing Birth Rates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-1-factors-influencing-birth-rates.md) - [6.2.2 Factors Influencing Death Rates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-2-factors-influencing-death-rates.md) - [6.2.3 Population Policies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-3-population-policies.md) - [6.2.4 Population Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-4-population-structure.md) - [6.2.5 Population Pyramids](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-5-population-pyramids.md) - [6.2.6 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-6-case-study-uks-ageing-population-causes.md) - [6.2.7 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Effects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-7-case-study-uks-ageing-population-effects.md) - [6.2.8 Case Study: UK's Ageing Population - Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-2-8-case-study-uks-ageing-population-responses.md) - 6.3 Causes & Impacts of International Migration - [6.3.1 Migration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-1-migration.md) - [6.3.2 Impacts of Migration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-2-impacts-of-migration.md) - [6.3.3 Types of Migrant & Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-3-types-of-migrant-and-causes.md) - [6.3.4 Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-4-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - [6.3.5 Case Study: Afghanistan to Pakistan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-5-case-study-afghanistan-to-pakistan.md) - [6.3.6 Case Study: Mexico to the USA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-6-case-study-mexico-to-the-usa.md) - [6.3.7 End of Topic Test - Populations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/6-3-7-end-of-topic-test-populations.md) ### 7 Paper 2 - Changing Towns & Cities - 7.1 Where People Live - [7.1.1 Variations in Global Population](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-1-1-variations-in-global-population.md) - 7.2 Opportunities & Challenges of Urbanisation - [7.2.1 Opportunities & Challenges](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-1-opportunities-and-challenges.md) - [7.2.2 Impact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-2-impact.md) - [7.2.3 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Inequality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-3-diagnostic-misconceptions-inequality.md) - [7.2.4 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Urbanisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-4-diagnostic-misconceptions-urbanisation.md) - [7.2.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Megacities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-2-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-megacities.md) - 7.3 Management of Urban Growth - [7.3.1 Evaluation of Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-1-evaluation-of-strategies.md) - [7.3.2 Case Study: Notting Hill & Leicester](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-2-case-study-notting-hill-and-leicester.md) - [7.3.3 Mathematical Skills: Urban Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-3-mathematical-skills-urban-issues.md) - [7.3.4 End of Topic Test - Urbanisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/7-3-4-end-of-topic-test-urbanisation.md) ### 8 Paper 2 - Development - 8.1 Measuring Development - [8.1.1 Social & Economic Indicators](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-1-social-and-economic-indicators.md) - [8.1.2 Comparing Countries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-2-comparing-countries.md) - [8.1.3 Development: Environmental Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-3-development-environmental-factors.md) - [8.1.4 Development: Historical Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-4-development-historical-factors.md) - [8.1.5 Development: Political Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-5-development-political-causes.md) - [8.1.6 Development: Social Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-6-development-social-causes.md) - [8.1.7 Development: Economic Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-1-7-development-economic-causes.md) - 8.2 Uneven Development - [8.2.1 Reasons for Uneven Development](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-1-reasons-for-uneven-development.md) - [8.2.2 Uneven Development: Patterns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-2-uneven-development-patterns.md) - [8.2.3 Measures of Inequality Within Countries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-3-measures-of-inequality-within-countries.md) - [8.2.4 Case Study: Inequality in China](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-2-4-case-study-inequality-in-china.md) - 8.3 Sustainable Development - [8.3.1 Definition & Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-3-1-definition-and-techniques.md) - [8.3.2 Case Study: Bangladesh](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/8-3-2-case-study-bangladesh.md) ### 9 Paper 2 - Changing Economies - 9.1 Changing Employment Structures - [9.1.1 Different Industries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-1-1-different-industries.md) - [9.1.2 Changing Employment Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-1-2-changing-employment-structure.md) - [9.1.3 Industrial Location & Distribution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-1-3-industrial-location-and-distribution.md) - 9.2 Globalisation - [9.2.1 Globalisation Definition & Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-1-globalisation-definition-and-features.md) - [9.2.2 Globalisation - Transport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-2-globalisation-transport.md) - [9.2.3 Globalisation - Communication & Banking](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-3-globalisation-communication-and-banking.md) - [9.2.4 Transnational Corporations (TNCs)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-4-transnational-corporations-tncs.md) - [9.2.5 Case Study: SEZs in China](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-5-case-study-sezs-in-china.md) - [9.2.6 Case Study: SEZs in HSBC](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-2-6-case-study-sezs-in-hsbc.md) - 9.3 Tourism - [9.3.1 Factors Leading to the Growth of Tourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-1-factors-leading-to-the-growth-of-tourism.md) - [9.3.2 The Butler Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-2-the-butler-model.md) - [9.3.3 Benefits of Tourism - Economic](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-3-benefits-of-tourism-economic.md) - [9.3.4 Benefits of Tourism - Social, Cultural & Env.](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-4-benefits-of-tourism-social-cultural-and-env.md) - [9.3.5 Problems with Tourism - Economic](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-5-problems-with-tourism-economic.md) - [9.3.6 Problems of Tourism - Social, Cultural & Env.](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-6-problems-of-tourism-social-cultural-and-env.md) - [9.3.7 Managing Tourism - Sustainability & Ecotourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-7-managing-tourism-sustainability-and-ecotourism.md) - [9.3.8 Managing Tourism - Quotas & Tourism Hubs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-8-managing-tourism-quotas-and-tourism-hubs.md) - [9.3.9 Case Study: Blackpool (UK)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-9-case-study-blackpool-uk.md) - [9.3.10 Mathematical Skills: Changing Economic World](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/9-3-10-mathematical-skills-changing-economic-world.md) ### 10 Paper 2 - Resource Provision - 10.1 Food - [10.1.1 Farming Types](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-1-farming-types.md) - [10.1.2 Human Inputs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-2-human-inputs.md) - [10.1.3 Physical Inputs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-3-physical-inputs.md) - [10.1.4 Green Revolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-4-green-revolution.md) - [10.1.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Food](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-1-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-food.md) - 10.2 Patterns of Food Supply & Demand - [10.2.1 Calorie Intake](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-1-calorie-intake.md) - [10.2.2 Reasons for Changing Global Supply](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-2-reasons-for-changing-global-supply.md) - [10.2.3 Strategies to Increase Food Supply](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-3-strategies-to-increase-food-supply.md) - [10.2.4 Reasons & Impacts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-2-4-reasons-and-impacts.md) - 10.3 Challenges of Food Supply - [10.3.1 Human Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-1-human-factors.md) - [10.3.2 Natural Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-2-natural-factors.md) - [10.3.3 Impacts of Food Insecurity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-3-impacts-of-food-insecurity.md) - [10.3.4 Increasing Farm Output](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-4-increasing-farm-output.md) - [10.3.5 Food Aid](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-5-food-aid.md) - [10.3.6 Desertification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-6-desertification.md) - [10.3.7 Reducing the Risk of Desertification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-7-reducing-the-risk-of-desertification.md) - [10.3.8 Soil Erosion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-8-soil-erosion.md) - [10.3.9 Low Impact Farming](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-9-low-impact-farming.md) - [10.3.10 Mathematical Skills: Food](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-3-10-mathematical-skills-food.md) - 10.4 Energy - [10.4.1 Types of Energy: Renewable & Non-Renewable](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-1-types-of-energy-renewable-and-non-renewable.md) - [10.4.2 Non-Renewable: Fuelwood](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-2-non-renewable-fuelwood.md) - [10.4.3 Non-Renewable: Nuclear](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-3-non-renewable-nuclear.md) - [10.4.4 Non-Renewable: Fossil Fuels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-4-non-renewable-fossil-fuels.md) - [10.4.5 Renewable: Wind & Solar](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-5-renewable-wind-and-solar.md) - [10.4.6 Renewable: Wave & Tidal](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-6-renewable-wave-and-tidal.md) - [10.4.7 Renewable: Biofuel](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-7-renewable-biofuel.md) - [10.4.8 Renewable: HEP & Geothermal](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-4-8-renewable-hep-and-geothermal.md) - 10.5 Patterns of Energy Supply & Demand - [10.5.1 Reasons for Increasing Energy Consumption](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-5-1-reasons-for-increasing-energy-consumption.md) - [10.5.2 Energy Security](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-5-2-energy-security.md) - [10.5.3 Variations in Energy Use](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-5-3-variations-in-energy-use.md) - 10.6 Impacts of Energy Production - [10.6.1 Strategies to Increase Energy Supply](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-1-strategies-to-increase-energy-supply.md) - [10.6.2 Evaluation of the Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-2-evaluation-of-the-strategies.md) - [10.6.3 Case Study: Iceland](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-3-case-study-iceland.md) - [10.6.4 Case Study: China](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-4-case-study-china.md) - [10.6.5 Mathematical Skills: Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-5-mathematical-skills-energy.md) - [10.6.6 End of Topic Test - Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/igcse/geography/cambridge-international/10-6-6-end-of-topic-test-energy.md)