Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-2-neutralisation [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [Science Practicals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals.md) › [National Curriculum](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum.md) › Neutralisation # Neutralisation Science Practicals: GCSE, topic 2.1.2 ## Neutralisation of Acids Acids are neutralised by bases (a base is an alkali that dissolves in water). Metal carbonates, metal oxides and metal hydroxides are all examples of bases. ### Metal carbonates ![Metal carbonates](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/4.2.1%20-%20Reactions%20of%20metals/carbonated_drink_in_glass.jpg) - Acid + carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide. - E.g. hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate → calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide ### Metal oxides ![Metal oxides](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/4.2.1%20-%20Reactions%20of%20metals/Oxygen_can.jpg) - Acid + oxide → salt + water. - E.g. hydrochloric acid + magnesium oxide → magnesium chloride + water. ### Metal hydroxides ![Metal hydroxides](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/4.2.1%20-%20Reactions%20of%20metals/Hydroxide_diagram.jpg) - Acid + hydroxide → salt + water. - E.g. hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water. ## Test yourself on Neutralisation - Which of the following are products of the reaction of calcium carbonate and nitric acid? - What is formed when metal carbonates react with acids? - What are the products of reactions between metal carbonates and acids? - Which of the following is NOT found in the ionic equation for a neutralisation reaction? - Which of these combine to create water in a neutralisation reaction? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/35d9e7b0-1dfb-11e8-b5b7-7546c70e1a36/section/2234f72e-c190-49a5-8842-41126ffea826/session) - Previous topic: [2.1.1 Salts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-1-salts.md) - Next topic: [2.1.3 Titration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-3-titration.md) ## Science Practicals: GCSE contents ### 1 Biology - 1.1 Practicals - [1.1.1 Microscope & Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-1-microscope-and-bacteria.md) - [1.1.2 Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-2-bacteria.md) - [1.1.3 Osmosis Tests](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-3-osmosis-tests.md) - [1.1.4 Osmosis & Food Tests](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-4-osmosis-and-food-tests.md) - [1.1.5 Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-5-enzymes.md) - [1.1.6 Enzymes 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-6-enzymes-2.md) - [1.1.7 Photosynthesis & Plant Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-7-photosynthesis-and-plant-responses.md) - [1.1.8 Photosynthesis Experiments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-8-photosynthesis-experiments.md) - [1.1.9 Reaction Time](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-9-reaction-time.md) - [1.1.10 Quadrats](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-10-quadrats.md) - [1.1.11 Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-11-decay.md) ### 2 Chemistry - 2.1 Practicals - [2.1.1 Salts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-1-salts.md) - [2.1.2 Neutralisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-2-neutralisation.md) - [2.1.3 Titration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-3-titration.md) - [2.1.4 Electrolysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-4-electrolysis.md) - [2.1.5 Electrolysis 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-5-electrolysis-2.md) - [2.1.6 Rate of Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-6-rate-of-reaction.md) - [2.1.7 Rate of Reaction 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-7-rate-of-reaction-2.md) - [2.1.8 Chromatography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-8-chromatography.md) - [2.1.9 Identifying Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-9-identifying-gases.md) - [2.1.10 Identifying Gases 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-10-identifying-gases-2.md) - [2.1.11 Identifying Ions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-11-identifying-ions.md) - [2.1.12 Carbonates, Halides & Sulfates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-12-carbonates-halides-and-sulfates.md) - [2.1.13 Flame Emission Spectroscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-13-flame-emission-spectroscopy.md) - [2.1.14 Water Purification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-14-water-purification.md) - [2.1.15 Water Purification 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-15-water-purification-2.md) ### 3 Physics - 3.1 Practicals - [3.1.1 Specific Heat Capacity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-1-specific-heat-capacity.md) - [3.1.2 Thermal Capacity & Insulation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-2-thermal-capacity-and-insulation.md) - [3.1.3 Latent Heat](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-3-latent-heat.md) - [3.1.4 Resistance & Current](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-4-resistance-and-current.md) - [3.1.5 Resistance & Current 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-5-resistance-and-current-2.md) - [3.1.6 Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-6-density.md) - [3.1.7 Density 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-7-density-2.md) - [3.1.8 Force & Extension - Springs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-8-force-and-extension-springs.md) - [3.1.9 Waves - Ripple Tank](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-9-waves-ripple-tank.md) - [3.1.10 Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-10-light.md) - [3.1.11 Light Reflection & Refraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-11-light-reflection-and-refraction.md) - [3.1.12 Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-12-radiation.md) - [3.1.13 Radiation 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-13-radiation-2.md)