Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-1-salts

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# Salts

Science Practicals: GCSE, topic 2.1.1

## Soluble Salts

Soluble salts are salts which dissolve in water.

### Making soluble salts

![Making soluble salts](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/4.2.1%20-%20Reactions%20of%20metals/White%20salt.jpg)

- Soluble salts can be made by reacting acids with solid, insoluble substances such as pure metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, or metal carbonates.

### E.g. blue copper sulfate

![E.g. blue copper sulfate](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/4.2.1%20-%20Reactions%20of%20metals/copper-sulfate-min.jpg)

- Blue copper sulfate crystals are produced by adding black copper oxide to sulfuric acid:
 - CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) →  CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

## Required Practical - Separating Mixtures

The aim of this practical is to produce a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble oxide or carbonate.

### Preparation

![Preparation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/1.1.1-Mixtures%20and%20compounds/filtration.jpg)

1. ­­Gently warm an acid using a Bunsen burner, 
2. Add the insoluble solid (with stirring) until no more reacts.

### Filtration

![Filtration](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/1.1.1-Mixtures%20and%20compounds/filtration.jpg)

1. Filter the solution to remove the excess insoluble solid. 
 - This will leave a solution of the salt dissolved in water.

### Crystallisation

![Crystallisation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/chemistry/1.1.1-Mixtures%20and%20compounds/(s)%201.1.2.2%20-%20Separation%20by%20crystallisation-min.jpg)

1. Heat the solution in an evaporating basin above a beaker of water.
 - The 'water bath' ensures gentle heating.
2. Leave the solution to cool and allow more water to evaporate.
 - As water evaporates, the solution will become more concentrated and the salt will begin to crystallise.

## Test yourself on Salts

- What do we call salts that dissolve in water?
- What must be reacted together to produce a soluble salt?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/35d9e7b0-1dfb-11e8-b5b7-7546c70e1a36/section/4f842bb0-1e02-11e8-b5b7-7546c70e1a36/session)

- Previous topic: [1.1.11 Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-11-decay.md)
- Next topic: [2.1.2 Neutralisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-2-neutralisation.md)

## Science Practicals: GCSE contents

### 1 Biology
- 1.1 Practicals
  - [1.1.1 Microscope & Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-1-microscope-and-bacteria.md)
  - [1.1.2 Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-2-bacteria.md)
  - [1.1.3 Osmosis Tests](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-3-osmosis-tests.md)
  - [1.1.4 Osmosis & Food Tests](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-4-osmosis-and-food-tests.md)
  - [1.1.5 Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-5-enzymes.md)
  - [1.1.6 Enzymes 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-6-enzymes-2.md)
  - [1.1.7 Photosynthesis & Plant Responses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-7-photosynthesis-and-plant-responses.md)
  - [1.1.8 Photosynthesis Experiments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-8-photosynthesis-experiments.md)
  - [1.1.9 Reaction Time](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-9-reaction-time.md)
  - [1.1.10 Quadrats](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-10-quadrats.md)
  - [1.1.11 Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/1-1-11-decay.md)

### 2 Chemistry
- 2.1 Practicals
  - [2.1.1 Salts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-1-salts.md)
  - [2.1.2 Neutralisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-2-neutralisation.md)
  - [2.1.3 Titration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-3-titration.md)
  - [2.1.4 Electrolysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-4-electrolysis.md)
  - [2.1.5 Electrolysis 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-5-electrolysis-2.md)
  - [2.1.6 Rate of Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-6-rate-of-reaction.md)
  - [2.1.7 Rate of Reaction 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-7-rate-of-reaction-2.md)
  - [2.1.8 Chromatography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-8-chromatography.md)
  - [2.1.9 Identifying Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-9-identifying-gases.md)
  - [2.1.10 Identifying Gases 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-10-identifying-gases-2.md)
  - [2.1.11 Identifying Ions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-11-identifying-ions.md)
  - [2.1.12 Carbonates, Halides & Sulfates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-12-carbonates-halides-and-sulfates.md)
  - [2.1.13 Flame Emission Spectroscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-13-flame-emission-spectroscopy.md)
  - [2.1.14 Water Purification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-14-water-purification.md)
  - [2.1.15 Water Purification 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/2-1-15-water-purification-2.md)

### 3 Physics
- 3.1 Practicals
  - [3.1.1 Specific Heat Capacity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-1-specific-heat-capacity.md)
  - [3.1.2 Thermal Capacity & Insulation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-2-thermal-capacity-and-insulation.md)
  - [3.1.3 Latent Heat](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-3-latent-heat.md)
  - [3.1.4 Resistance & Current](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-4-resistance-and-current.md)
  - [3.1.5 Resistance & Current 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-5-resistance-and-current-2.md)
  - [3.1.6 Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-6-density.md)
  - [3.1.7 Density 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-7-density-2.md)
  - [3.1.8 Force & Extension - Springs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-8-force-and-extension-springs.md)
  - [3.1.9 Waves - Ripple Tank](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-9-waves-ripple-tank.md)
  - [3.1.10 Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-10-light.md)
  - [3.1.11 Light Reflection & Refraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-11-light-reflection-and-refraction.md)
  - [3.1.12 Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-12-radiation.md)
  - [3.1.13 Radiation 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/science-practicals/national-curriculum/3-1-13-radiation-2.md)