Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-7-holy-orders

[Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [Religious Studies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies.md) › [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa.md) › Holy Orders

# Holy Orders

Religious Studies A: AQA GCSE Religions, topic 3.2.7

## Holy Orders

The Catholic Church believes that some men are called to continue the mission of Christ in a special way, and there is a special sacrament of Holy Orders to confer this role upon them.

### Expectations

![Expectations](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/eb46a01e-6dcf-4fe6-bde5-c353083702d5/shutterstock_757364287.jpg)

- Those in Holy Orders are called by God to perform a ministry which continues the work of the apostles.
- Their first task is to proclaim the Word of God.
- Part of their role includes acting as leaders of the liturgy (a set-out form of communal worship) and as ministers of the sacraments. 
- They also run parishes and help to support Catholics in local schools and hospitals.

### Quotes about the Holy Orders

![Quotes about the Holy Orders](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/78eb20af-1a1b-42d5-a6db-f6aec31ad6f5/shutterstock_246112852.jpg)

- __‘Here is a trustworthy saying: Whoever aspires to be an overseer desires a noble task.’__ [1 Timothy 3:1 NIV]
- __‘Holy Orders is a sacrament through which the mission entrusted by Christ to his apostles continues to be exercised in the Church until the end of time: thus it is the sacrament of apostolic ministry.’__ [CCC 1536]

### During Mass

![During Mass](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/fa55e209-2e4a-480f-b0b3-9c71e8e2d310/shutterstock_723621049.jpg)

- The sacrament takes place during Mass and is conferred by the laying on of hands and a prayer of consecration.
 - __‘For this reason I remind you to fan into flame the gift of God, which is in you through the laying on of hands.’__ [2 Timothy 1:6 NIV]

### Significance

![Significance](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2025-08/c08b006f-3af6-4a04-b117-a75d7edc4eec/05bd10d3-8b38-41a8-a9bd-bf12ee4374a1.png)

- The sacrament of Holy Orders is said to confer a special ‘mark’ from God on those who are ordained (in the sense that they have been specially chosen), and this is lifelong. 
- This is called __‘an indelible spiritual character’__ [CCC 1582].

## Degrees of Holy Orders

There are 3 degrees of Holy Orders, which are conferred on bishops, priests and deacons:

### Deacons

![Deacons](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/8ca7fd92-bd4f-47cc-9c4e-8a5eaf15ece9/shutterstock_662937679.jpg)

- Deacons are ordained to assist bishops and priests in their ministry. Some men remain deacons all their lives. This is called the permanent diaconate.

### Priests

![Priests](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/f3dafabf-4eb9-41a4-9d60-814821a28b63/shutterstock_462646417.jpg)

- Priests are sometimes called co-workers of the bishops, and usually fulfil their ministry in serving people in parishes.

### Bishops

![Bishops](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/616c659e-4dd0-4930-bd8b-c1e3a2e75d08/shutterstock_653291812.jpg)

- Bishops are considered to be successors of the apostles, and usually have pastoral care over all the faithful in a diocese.

### Duties and limitations

![Duties and limitations](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/73ff5755-0be4-4baa-ace9-6ce44f6388ec/shutterstock_1209324.jpg)

- All ministers in Holy Orders can baptise, bless the commitment of marriage and anoint the sick.
- Only priests and bishops can hear confessions, confirm, or preside over the Mass (the Eucharist).
- Only Bishops can ordain others to be deacons, priests or bishops.

## Views on Holy Orders

In the Catholic Church, only men can receive Holy Orders. Most Catholic priests are celibate (they abstain from marriage and sexual relations).

### Married exceptions

![Married exceptions](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/5cc99b85-a39c-4640-a68a-dcdeea5d5841/shutterstock_632526893.jpg)

- Recently, some married priests who have converted from some other Christian denominations have been allowed to be ordained. 
- Many permanent deacons are married men and their ministry can be part-time, alongside their role as husbands and fathers.

### Other denominations

![Other denominations](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/cbf9048a-1487-4f27-92c0-c31cdc5a9725/shutterstock_210438289.jpg)

- Many other Christian Churches now allow men and women to be deacons, priests and bishops, and they have no commitment to celibacy.

### Shortages

![Shortages](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/edb6fbf5-ece6-4f58-b4a2-99fb6e36c834/shutterstock_1031452126.jpg)

- In modern times, there is a shortage of men coming forward to be ordained, and because of this, some people have called for the rule about celibacy to be lifted completely.

### Women?

![Women?](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/610f166d-7a9e-4a43-b724-8326ad730391/shutterstock_698865859.jpg)

- Some call for the ordination of women, but many Catholics argue that the rule that only men can be priests is something that can never change.

## Test yourself on Holy Orders

- What's expected of those in Holy Orders?
- What's the first task of those in Holy Orders?
- What can all ministers in Holy Orders do?
- What can only priests and bishops do?
- Which of these can only bishops do?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/0daf5430-3329-11e8-ac6b-311801e0fd28/section/c1451210-49f3-11e8-9097-fb4f327c07f0/session)

- Previous topic: [3.2.6 Marriage](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-6-marriage.md)
- Next topic: [3.2.8 The Eucharist](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-8-the-eucharist.md)

## Religious Studies A: AQA GCSE Religions contents

### 1 Buddhism
- 1.1 Key Beliefs
  - [1.1.1 The Dhamma](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-1-the-dhamma.md)
  - [1.1.2 The Five Skandhas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-2-the-five-skandhas.md)
  - [1.1.3 Aspects of Human Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-3-aspects-of-human-life.md)
  - [1.1.4 The Buddha](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-4-the-buddha.md)
  - [1.1.5 The Ascetic & Enlightened Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-5-the-ascetic-and-enlightened-life.md)
  - [1.1.6 Dhukka](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-6-dhukka.md)
  - [1.1.7 Samudaya](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-7-samudaya.md)
  - [1.1.8 Nirodha](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-8-nirodha.md)
  - [1.1.9 Magga](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-9-magga.md)
  - [1.1.10 The Wheel of Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-10-the-wheel-of-life.md)
  - [1.1.11 End of Topic Test - Buddhism Key Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-1-11-end-of-topic-test-buddhism-key-beliefs.md)
- 1.2 Practices
  - [1.2.1 Places of Worship](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-2-1-places-of-worship.md)
  - [1.2.2 Objects of Worship](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-2-2-objects-of-worship.md)
  - [1.2.3 Puja](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-2-3-puja.md)
  - [1.2.4 Meditation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-2-4-meditation.md)
  - [1.2.5 Death](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-2-5-death.md)
  - [1.2.6 Festivals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-2-6-festivals.md)
  - [1.2.7 End of Topic Test - Buddhism Practices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-2-7-end-of-topic-test-buddhism-practices.md)
- 1.3 Ethics
  - [1.3.1 Kamma](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-3-1-kamma.md)
  - [1.3.2 Five Moral Precepts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-3-2-five-moral-precepts.md)
  - [1.3.3 End of Topic Test - Buddhism Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/1-3-3-end-of-topic-test-buddhism-ethics.md)

### 2 Christianity
- 2.1 Key Beliefs
  - [2.1.1 The Nature of God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-1-the-nature-of-god.md)
  - [2.1.2 The Problem of Evil](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-2-the-problem-of-evil.md)
  - [2.1.3 Monotheism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-3-monotheism.md)
  - [2.1.4 Creation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-4-creation.md)
  - [2.1.5 Bible Accounts of Creation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-5-bible-accounts-of-creation.md)
  - [2.1.6 The Trinity and Creation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-6-the-trinity-and-creation.md)
  - [2.1.7 Afterlife](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-7-afterlife.md)
  - [2.1.8 Heaven and Hell](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-8-heaven-and-hell.md)
  - [2.1.9 The Influence of Afterlife on Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-9-the-influence-of-afterlife-on-life.md)
  - [2.1.10 End of Topic Test - Christianity Key Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-10-end-of-topic-test-christianity-key-beliefs.md)
  - [2.1.11 Exam-Style Questions - Christian Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-1-11-exam-style-questions-christian-beliefs.md)
- 2.2 Jesus Christ & Salvation
  - [2.2.1 The Incarnation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-1-the-incarnation.md)
  - [2.2.2 Jesus - Divine & Human](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-2-jesus-divine-and-human.md)
  - [2.2.3 The Crucifixion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-3-the-crucifixion.md)
  - [2.2.4 Jesus' Betrayal](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-4-jesus-betrayal.md)
  - [2.2.5 Resurrection & Ascension](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-5-resurrection-and-ascension.md)
  - [2.2.6 Sin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-6-sin.md)
  - [2.2.7 Original Sin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-7-original-sin.md)
  - [2.2.8 Punishment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-8-punishment.md)
  - [2.2.9 The Means of Salvation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-9-the-means-of-salvation.md)
  - [2.2.10 Achieving Salvation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-10-achieving-salvation.md)
  - [2.2.11 Disagreements About Salvation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-11-disagreements-about-salvation.md)
  - [2.2.12 The Role of Christ in Salvation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-12-the-role-of-christ-in-salvation.md)
  - [2.2.13 Theories of Salvation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-13-theories-of-salvation.md)
  - [2.2.14 End of Topic Test - Jesus Christ & Salvation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-2-14-end-of-topic-test-jesus-christ-and-salvation.md)
- 2.3 Worship & Festivals
  - [2.3.1 Different Forms of Worship](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-1-different-forms-of-worship.md)
  - [2.3.2 Prayer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-2-prayer.md)
  - [2.3.3 Sacrament](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-3-sacrament.md)
  - [2.3.4 Baptism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-4-baptism.md)
  - [2.3.5 Other Sacraments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-5-other-sacraments.md)
  - [2.3.6 Eucharist](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-6-eucharist.md)
  - [2.3.7 Pilgrimage & Celebrations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-7-pilgrimage-and-celebrations.md)
  - [2.3.8 Christmas & Easter](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-8-christmas-and-easter.md)
  - [2.3.9 End of Topic Test - Worship and Festivals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-3-9-end-of-topic-test-worship-and-festivals.md)
- 2.4 Community
  - [2.4.1 Local Community](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-1-local-community.md)
  - [2.4.2 Mission, Evangelism & Church Growth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-2-mission-evangelism-and-church-growth.md)
  - [2.4.3 Worldwide Church](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-3-worldwide-church.md)
  - [2.4.4 Reconciliation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-4-reconciliation.md)
  - [2.4.5 Persecution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-5-persecution.md)
  - [2.4.6 Caring for Those in Need](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-6-caring-for-those-in-need.md)
  - [2.4.7 End of Topic Test - Community](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-7-end-of-topic-test-community.md)
  - [2.4.8 Exam-Style Questions - Christian Practices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/2-4-8-exam-style-questions-christian-practices.md)

### 3 Catholicism (Christianity)
- 3.1 Key Beliefs
  - [3.1.1 The Trinity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-1-1-the-trinity.md)
  - [3.1.2 Creation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-1-2-creation.md)
  - [3.1.3 Incarnation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-1-3-incarnation.md)
  - [3.1.4 Redemption](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-1-4-redemption.md)
  - [3.1.5 Life After Death](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-1-5-life-after-death.md)
  - [3.1.6 Heaven and Hell](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-1-6-heaven-and-hell.md)
  - [3.1.7 End of Topic Test - Catholic Key Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-1-7-end-of-topic-test-catholic-key-beliefs.md)
- 3.2 The Seven Sacraments
  - [3.2.1 Meaning & Significance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-1-meaning-and-significance.md)
  - [3.2.2 Baptism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-2-baptism.md)
  - [3.2.3 Confirmation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-3-confirmation.md)
  - [3.2.4 Reconciliation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-4-reconciliation.md)
  - [3.2.5 Anointing of the Sick](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-5-anointing-of-the-sick.md)
  - [3.2.6 Marriage](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-6-marriage.md)
  - [3.2.7 Holy Orders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-7-holy-orders.md)
  - [3.2.8 The Eucharist](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-8-the-eucharist.md)
  - [3.2.9 End of Topic Test - The Seven Sacraments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-2-9-end-of-topic-test-the-seven-sacraments.md)
- 3.3 Practices
  - [3.3.1 Prayer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-1-prayer.md)
  - [3.3.2 Popular Piety](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-2-popular-piety.md)
  - [3.3.3 Pilgrimage](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-3-pilgrimage.md)
  - [3.3.4 Pilgrimages HyperLearning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-4-pilgrimages-hyperlearning.md)
  - [3.3.5 Funeral Rites](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-5-funeral-rites.md)
  - [3.3.6 The Duty to Love Our Neighbour](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-6-the-duty-to-love-our-neighbour.md)
  - [3.3.7 Catholic Agencies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-7-catholic-agencies.md)
  - [3.3.8 Catholic Social Teaching](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-8-catholic-social-teaching.md)
  - [3.3.9 Justice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-9-justice.md)
  - [3.3.10 War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-10-war.md)
  - [3.3.11 Mission & Evangelism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-11-mission-and-evangelism.md)
  - [3.3.12 End of Topic Test - Catholic Practices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/3-3-12-end-of-topic-test-catholic-practices.md)

### 4 Islam
- 4.1 Key Beliefs
  - [4.1.1 Oneness of God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-1-oneness-of-god.md)
  - [4.1.2 Six Articles of Faith](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-2-six-articles-of-faith.md)
  - [4.1.3 Five Roots of Usul](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-3-five-roots-of-usul.md)
  - [4.1.4 The Nature of God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-4-the-nature-of-god.md)
  - [4.1.5 Angels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-5-angels.md)
  - [4.1.6 Freedom](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-6-freedom.md)
  - [4.1.7 Life After Death](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-7-life-after-death.md)
  - [4.1.8 Human Responsibility](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-8-human-responsibility.md)
  - [4.1.9 End of Topic Test - Muslim Key Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-1-9-end-of-topic-test-muslim-key-beliefs.md)
- 4.2 Authority
  - [4.2.1 Prophethood](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-2-1-prophethood.md)
  - [4.2.2 The Holy Books](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-2-2-the-holy-books.md)
  - [4.2.3 The Imamate](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-2-3-the-imamate.md)
  - [4.2.4 End of Topic Test - Muslim Authority](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-2-4-end-of-topic-test-muslim-authority.md)
- 4.3 Practices
  - [4.3.1 Worship](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-1-worship.md)
  - [4.3.2 Ten Obligatory Acts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-2-ten-obligatory-acts.md)
  - [4.3.3 Shahadah](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-3-shahadah.md)
  - [4.3.4 Salah & Its Significance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-4-salah-and-its-significance.md)
  - [4.3.5 Mosques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-5-mosques.md)
  - [4.3.6 Rak'ahs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-6-rakahs.md)
  - [4.3.7 Sawm](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-7-sawm.md)
  - [4.3.8 Zakah](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-8-zakah.md)
  - [4.3.9 Hajj](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-9-hajj.md)
  - [4.3.10 Jihad](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-10-jihad.md)
  - [4.3.11 Festivals & Commemorations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-11-festivals-and-commemorations.md)
  - [4.3.12 End of Topic Test - Muslim Practices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-12-end-of-topic-test-muslim-practices.md)
  - [4.3.13 Exam-Style Questions - Muslim Practices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/4-3-13-exam-style-questions-muslim-practices.md)

### 5 Judaism
- 5.1 Key Beliefs
  - [5.1.1 The Nature of God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-1-the-nature-of-god.md)
  - [5.1.2 God as One](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-2-god-as-one.md)
  - [5.1.3 God's Name](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-3-gods-name.md)
  - [5.1.4 God as Creator](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-4-god-as-creator.md)
  - [5.1.5 Free Will](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-5-free-will.md)
  - [5.1.6 God as Law Giver and Judge](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-6-god-as-law-giver-and-judge.md)
  - [5.1.7 The Divine Presence & Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-7-the-divine-presence-and-beliefs.md)
  - [5.1.8 Role of the Messiah](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-8-role-of-the-messiah.md)
  - [5.1.9 End of Topic Test - Jewish Key Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-9-end-of-topic-test-jewish-key-beliefs.md)
  - [5.1.10 Exam-Style Questions - Jewish Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-1-10-exam-style-questions-jewish-beliefs.md)
- 5.2 Covenant & The Mitzvot
  - [5.2.1 The Promised Land](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-2-1-the-promised-land.md)
  - [5.2.2 Abraham](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-2-2-abraham.md)
  - [5.2.3 The Covenant](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-2-3-the-covenant.md)
  - [5.2.4 The Covenant at Sinai](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-2-4-the-covenant-at-sinai.md)
  - [5.2.5 The Covenant at Sinai 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-2-5-the-covenant-at-sinai-2.md)
  - [5.2.6 Key Moral Principles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-2-6-key-moral-principles.md)
  - [5.2.7 End of Topic Test - Covenant & The Mitzvot](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-2-7-end-of-topic-test-covenant-and-the-mitzvot.md)
- 5.3 The Synagogue & Worship
  - [5.3.1 The Synagogue & Its Importance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-3-1-the-synagogue-and-its-importance.md)
  - [5.3.2 Public Acts of Worship](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-3-2-public-acts-of-worship.md)
  - [5.3.3 Shabbat](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-3-3-shabbat.md)
  - [5.3.4 Worship & Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-3-4-worship-and-law.md)
  - [5.3.5 End of Topic Test - Synagogue & Worship](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/religious-studies/aqa/5-3-5-end-of-topic-test-synagogue-and-worship.md)