Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-2-structure-and-melody [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [Music](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music.md) › [Edexcel](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel.md) › Structure & Melody # Structure & Melody Music: Edexcel GCSE, topic 2.2.2 ## Structure The first movement of the Sonata is written in sonata form which is a Classical structure. ### Sonata form ![Sonata form](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-05/e728cc5a-a20e-4d1f-880f-8e074f4b4fc9/classical-music-orchestra-cello-strings-instrument-violin-.jpg) - The first movement of the Sonata is written in sonata form which is a Classical structure. - This includes the exposition (First Section), development (Second Section) and recapitulation (Re-cap of the Exposition) sections. ### 10 bar introduction ![10 bar introduction](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/3fd38908-6b00-4384-95b3-5822f68493c5/silhouette-music-note.png) - Beethoven (being the rebel he was!), also added a 10 bar introduction, 4 bars of which also reappear at the start of the development section and the coda (ending). ### Repetition ![Repetition](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/a55d7d79-949d-4ca2-8559-4286416ca449/connection-brain-neuron-link-think-.jpg) - Sonata form was all about repetition of the musical ideas (subjects) and contrast with this mainly taking place during the development section. - The main ideas are then re-capped during the recapitulation section. ## Melody Here the melody is decorated and lyrical. ### Melodic features ![Melodic features](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-05/d4c5f079-34b8-4c8f-85b1-26060eac9ee5/piano-keys-music-instrument-.jpg) - Within this set work there are: - Heavy accented chords. - A florid melody with the left hand. - Conjunct (moving in steps) movement (b14). - Disjunct (moving in leaps) movement (b56). ### Florid melody ![Florid melody](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/7748d7c7-a845-47d1-b43d-5814ee3d315a/cherry-blossom-flower-spring-.jpg) - Florid melody means flowery or ornate. - Here the melody is decorated and lyrical. ### Chromaticism and dissonance ![Chromaticism and dissonance](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-11/fe10cc8a-e7ac-4766-bde3-cc0b0a2414a6/sad-solemn-man-.jpg) - Chromaticism (moving up or down in semitones) and dissonance (clashing notes) is also used to heighten the tension and highlight the idea of suffering. ### Bass ![Bass](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-05/f8abd86f-3040-4297-ac7a-e618c053a0d8/bass-clef-music-.png) - There is also a murky bass which is heard in the repeating and alternating octaves in the bass line during the exposition section. ## Test yourself on Structure & Melody - How many bars long is the introduction to Sonata ‘Pathétique’? - Which of these melodic devices is used in Sonata ‘Pathétique’ to heighten the tension and highlight the idea of suffering? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/8a9f121c-bdb0-42db-bbd6-a88f8f723518/section/ba9ed26a-bc6f-4863-a4f8-0f2c8f10e441/session) - Previous topic: [2.2.1 Piano Sonata No. 8](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-1-piano-sonata-no-8.md) - Next topic: [2.2.3 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-3-other-features.md) ## Music: Edexcel GCSE contents ### 1 Musical Elements - 1.1 Organisation of Pitch - [1.1.1 Melodic Pitch](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/1-1-1-melodic-pitch.md) - [1.1.2 Melodic Devices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/1-1-2-melodic-devices.md) - [1.1.3 Harmonic Pitch](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/1-1-3-harmonic-pitch.md) - [1.1.4 Harmonic Devices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/1-1-4-harmonic-devices.md) - [1.1.5 Harmonic Progressions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/1-1-5-harmonic-progressions.md) - 1.2 Tonality - [1.2.1 Major & Minor Tonality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/1-2-1-major-and-minor-tonality.md) - [1.2.2 End of Topic Test - Musical Elements](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/1-2-2-end-of-topic-test-musical-elements.md) ### 2 Instrumental Music 1700–1820 - 2.1 Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major - [2.1.1 Concerto No. 5 in D Major](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-1-1-concerto-no-5-in-d-major.md) - [2.1.2 Structure & Melody](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-1-2-structure-and-melody.md) - [2.1.3 Instrumentation & Texture](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-1-3-instrumentation-and-texture.md) - [2.1.4 Harmony](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-1-4-harmony.md) - [2.1.5 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-1-5-wider-listening.md) - 2.2 Beethoven: Sonata ‘Pathétique’ - [2.2.1 Piano Sonata No. 8](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-1-piano-sonata-no-8.md) - [2.2.2 Structure & Melody](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-2-structure-and-melody.md) - [2.2.3 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-3-other-features.md) - [2.2.4 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-4-wider-listening.md) - [2.2.5 End of Topic Test - Instrumental Music 1700–1820](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/2-2-5-end-of-topic-test-instrumental-music-1700-1820.md) ### 3 Vocal Music - 3.1 Purcell: Music for a While - [3.1.1 Music for a While](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/3-1-1-music-for-a-while.md) - [3.1.2 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/3-1-2-other-features.md) - [3.1.3 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/3-1-3-wider-listening.md) - 3.2 Queen: Killer Queen - [3.2.1 Killer Queen](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/3-2-1-killer-queen.md) - [3.2.2 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/3-2-2-other-features.md) - [3.2.3 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/3-2-3-wider-listening.md) - [3.2.4 End of Topic Test - Vocal Music](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/3-2-4-end-of-topic-test-vocal-music.md) ### 4 Music for Stage & Screen - 4.1 Schwartz: Defying Gravity - [4.1.1 Defying Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-1-1-defying-gravity.md) - [4.1.2 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-1-2-other-features.md) - [4.1.3 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-1-3-wider-listening.md) - [4.1.4 End of Topic Test - Defying Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-1-4-end-of-topic-test-defying-gravity.md) - 4.2 Williams: Star Wars Episode IV - [4.2.1 A New Hope](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-2-1-a-new-hope.md) - [4.2.2 Structure & Melody](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-2-2-structure-and-melody.md) - [4.2.3 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-2-3-other-features.md) - [4.2.4 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-2-4-wider-listening.md) - [4.2.5 End of Topic Test - Star Wars Episode IV](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/4-2-5-end-of-topic-test-star-wars-episode-iv.md) ### 5 Fusions - 5.1 Afro Celt Sound System: Release - [5.1.1 Release](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-1-1-release.md) - [5.1.2 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-1-2-other-features.md) - [5.1.3 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-1-3-wider-listening.md) - 5.2 Spalding: Samba Em Preludio - [5.2.1 Samba Em Preludio](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-2-1-samba-em-preludio.md) - [5.2.2 Structure & Melody](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-2-2-structure-and-melody.md) - [5.2.3 Other Features](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-2-3-other-features.md) - [5.2.4 Wider Listening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-2-4-wider-listening.md) - [5.2.5 End of Topic Test - Fusions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/music/edexcel/5-2-5-end-of-topic-test-fusions.md)