Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-2-the-terms-of-versailles-1

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# The Terms of Versailles 1

History: OCR A GCSE Cold War & International Relations, topic 1.1.2

## Territory

An easy way to remember the TOV is to use the term ‘TRAWL’. T is for Territory: the Germans had lots of land taken off them.

### Colonies

![Colonies](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/99b05c9c-9a91-46d3-9213-b94fd10bcdc0/south-africa-savannah.jpg)

- Germany's colonies in Africa were taken away and given to the League of Nations to control as ‘mandates’. 
- In reality, the countries that controlled them were Great Britain and France.

### The Rhineland

![The Rhineland](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/986cef7c-2591-4f0a-82e1-f3f7a87dfa36/military-army-fence-sign-.jpg)

- The Rhineland - an area of land between France and Germany - was demilitarized. 
- This was an area that was on the border of Germany.  
- This gave France security that Germany wouldn’t be strong enough militarily to attack them right on their border.

### The Polish Corridor

![The Polish Corridor](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/017f7988-5c46-4292-baa4-2c20c612f04d/Polish-Flag-Poland-.jpg)

- Germany was split as the Polish Corridor was given to Poland so that they could have access to sea trade. 
- Poland's emergence was a direct consequence of the Treaty of Versailles.

### New countries

![New countries](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/0970d995-9d03-4594-970a-6ea81df87dee/europe-map-.jpg)

- Eight new countries had been created from the Eastern Empires which included Hungary and Czechoslovakia. 
- Due to this, some countries had German-speaking people in them. 
- This would later prove a motivation for Hitler to reunite all German-speaking people.

## Territory

An easy way to remember the TOV is to use the term ‘TRAWL’. T is for Territory: the Germans had lots of land taken off them.

### Confiscated land

![Confiscated land](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/e3c8609f-7236-42a4-a382-a937041982bf/stop-sign-.jpg)

- 13% of all German land was taken away including areas such as:
  - Alsace Lorraine.
  - Eupen.
  - Malmedy.

### Alsace Lorraine

![Alsace Lorraine](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/abb83a5c-49a5-4fc2-b119-01da4ad2e83f/france-flag-french-.jpg)

- Alsace Lorraine was given to France as it had previously been owned by the country before Germany had taken it in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War.

### The Saar

![The Saar](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/af34af89-d89d-42a5-8144-9e901a7c8686/shutterstock_336888689%20(1).jpg)

- The Saar (Germany’s industrial area) was given to France as an insurance policy to make sure that they would promise to pay the reparations to France. 
- Then after 15 years, the people would be given the vote whether to return to Germany or not.

### Anschluss

![Anschluss](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/2c43d0e9-b961-4dbb-ba53-33721302134f/austria-austrian-flag-.jpg)

- Germany had united with Austria in an alliance during the First World War.  
- One of the terms of the Treaty was that Germany wasn’t allowed to ever unite with Austria (Anschluss) again.

### German citizens

![German citizens](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/bc278979-4f59-40fd-b7dc-3e1255bc06f3/bundestag-berlin-german-flag-.jpg)

- After the creation of new countries and the removal of German land, a total of 6 million German people were no longer living on German soil.
- In total, 13% of all German land was taken away.

## Test yourself on The Terms of Versailles 1

- What was the purpose of the Polish Corridor?
- Which of the following was NOT an area of Germany taken away by the Treaty of Versailles?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/2536af80-4f7c-11e8-9781-7528a1e10f88/section/8674f139-580b-4966-9ca3-d138bd1a0ee3/session)

- Previous topic: [1.1.1 The Treaty of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-1-the-treaty-of-versailles.md)
- Next topic: [1.1.3 The Terms of Versailles 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-3-the-terms-of-versailles-2.md)

## History: OCR A GCSE Cold War & International Relations contents

### 1 Key Topics
- 1.1 Conflict & Cooperation 1918-1939
  - [1.1.1 The Treaty of Versailles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-1-the-treaty-of-versailles.md)
  - [1.1.2 The Terms of Versailles 1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-2-the-terms-of-versailles-1.md)
  - [1.1.3 The Terms of Versailles 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-3-the-terms-of-versailles-2.md)
  - [1.1.4 Versailles & the League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-4-versailles-and-the-league-of-nations.md)
  - [1.1.5 LoN Successes & Failures](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-5-lon-successes-and-failures.md)
  - [1.1.6 LoN Failure - Upper Silesia](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-6-lon-failure-upper-silesia.md)
  - [1.1.7 LoN Failure - Corfu & Washington](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-7-lon-failure-corfu-and-washington.md)
  - [1.1.8 End of Topic Test - Treaties and Agreements](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-8-end-of-topic-test-treaties-and-agreements.md)
  - [1.1.9 The Great Depression](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-9-the-great-depression.md)
  - [1.1.10 Tension in Europe in the 1930s](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-10-tension-in-europe-in-the-1930s.md)
  - [1.1.11 WWII & Failure of the League of Nations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-11-wwii-and-failure-of-the-league-of-nations.md)
  - [1.1.12 End of Topic Test - Tension in the 1930s](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-12-end-of-topic-test-tension-in-the-1930s.md)
  - [1.1.13 Grade 9 - Conflict & Cooperation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-1-13-grade-9-conflict-and-cooperation.md)
- 1.2 The Cold War 1945-c.1989
  - [1.2.1 Emerging US-Soviet Rivalry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-1-emerging-us-soviet-rivalry.md)
  - [1.2.2 Communism in the 20th Century](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-2-communism-in-the-20th-century.md)
  - [1.2.3 The Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-3-the-truman-doctrine-and-marshall-plan.md)
  - [1.2.4 East-West Alliances](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-4-east-west-alliances.md)
  - [1.2.5 Berlin Crises](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-5-berlin-crises.md)
  - [1.2.6 The End of the Berlin Wall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-6-the-end-of-the-berlin-wall.md)
  - [1.2.7 End of Topic Test - East & West](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-7-end-of-topic-test-east-and-west.md)
  - [1.2.8 Build-up to the Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-8-build-up-to-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md)
  - [1.2.9 The Cuban Missile Crisis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-9-the-cuban-missile-crisis.md)
  - [1.2.10 Cold War Conflict - Vietnam](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-10-cold-war-conflict-vietnam.md)
  - [1.2.11 Cold War Conflict - Afghanistan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-11-cold-war-conflict-afghanistan.md)
  - [1.2.12 End of Topic Test - The Cold War 1945-1989](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-12-end-of-topic-test-the-cold-war-1945-1989.md)
  - [1.2.13 Grade 9 - The Cold War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-13-grade-9-the-cold-war.md)
  - [1.2.14 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Russia vs USSR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-russia-vs-ussr.md)
  - [1.2.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stalin & the Atom Bomb](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-15-diagnostic-misconceptions-stalin-and-the-atom-bomb.md)
  - [1.2.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - The Iron Curtain](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-16-diagnostic-misconceptions-the-iron-curtain.md)
  - [1.2.17 Diagnostic Misconceptions - The Truman Doctrine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-17-diagnostic-misconceptions-the-truman-doctrine.md)
  - [1.2.18 Diagnostic Misconceptions - USSR vs Eastern Europe](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-18-diagnostic-misconceptions-ussr-vs-eastern-europe.md)
  - [1.2.19 Diagnostic Misconceptions - The Berlin Airlift](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-19-diagnostic-misconceptions-the-berlin-airlift.md)
  - [1.2.20 Diagnostic Misconceptions - The Berlin Wall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-20-diagnostic-misconceptions-the-berlin-wall.md)
  - [1.2.21 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Hungarian Uprising](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-21-diagnostic-misconceptions-hungarian-uprising.md)
  - [1.2.22 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stalin's Death](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-22-diagnostic-misconceptions-stalins-death.md)
  - [1.2.23 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Cuba](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-23-diagnostic-misconceptions-cuba.md)
  - [1.2.24 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Bay of Pigs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-2-24-diagnostic-misconceptions-bay-of-pigs.md)
- 1.3 From the End of the Cold War to 9/11
  - [1.3.1 Reagan & Gorbachev](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-3-1-reagan-and-gorbachev.md)
  - [1.3.2 Consequences of the Soviet War in Afghanistan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-3-2-consequences-of-the-soviet-war-in-afghanistan.md)
  - [1.3.3 End of Topic Test - End of the Cold War to 9/11](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-3-3-end-of-topic-test-end-of-the-cold-war-to-911.md)
  - [1.3.4 Grade 9 - The End of the Cold War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-3-4-grade-9-the-end-of-the-cold-war.md)
  - [1.3.5 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Fall of the Wall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/1-3-5-diagnostic-misconceptions-fall-of-the-wall.md)

### 2 Changing Interpretations
- 2.1 Changing Interpretations
  - [2.1.1 Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/2-1-1-appeasement.md)
  - [2.1.2 The Responsibility for Cold War Tensions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/2-1-2-the-responsibility-for-cold-war-tensions.md)
  - [2.1.3 End of Topic Test - Appeasement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/2-1-3-end-of-topic-test-appeasement.md)
  - [2.1.4 Grade 9 - Changing Interpretations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/ocr/2-1-4-grade-9-changing-interpretations.md)