Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-2-5-the-extent-of-modernisation [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [History](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history.md) › [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa.md) › The Extent of Modernisation # The Extent of Modernisation History: AQA GCSE Russia, 1894-1945, topic 3.2.5 ## Industrialisation and Gosplan Stalin was the nickname of Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili. It meant ‘man of steel’. The NEP was not industrialising Russia fast enough for the Communist leadership. In 1927, the first Five-Year Plan was announced to drive forward the process of industrialisation. ### Abandonment of the NEP ![Abandonment of the NEP](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/b9f99608-af18-499d-a94a-af7732ffc4bf/shutterstock_115189144.jpg) - The 1927 war scare (between Russia and European powers) caused concerns about industry because Russia would have needed the industrial capacity to produce weapons in order to compete with the capitalist West. - Stalin also believed that if the Soviet Union was going to survive as as a major power, it needed to industrialise rapidly. - Stalin saw industrialisation as a way for him to win the power struggle within the party. - Abandoning the NEP was also popular with the workers. ### Gosplan ![Gosplan](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/239030f7-ff60-475d-b185-7c44b40db147/shutterstock_510525073.jpg) - Gosplan was the committee responsible for delivering the 5 year plans. It had existed since 1920 but now became more important. - It set targets for factory managers and workers and worked to ensure they were achieved. Five thousand new factories were created between 1928 and 1937. ### The success of five year plans ![The success of five year plans](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/b9f99608-af18-499d-a94a-af7732ffc4bf/shutterstock_115189144.jpg) - The first two Five-Year Plans were completed each within 4 years. This was a great success. - The first focused on heavy industries, whilst the second looked to use resources more efficiently, and to provide consumer goods. ### Stakhanovite Movement ![Stakhanovite Movement](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/bb724cfe-8d4e-4590-b6d9-ea3126adb284/shutterstock_381312418.jpg) - Aleksey Stakhanov was the son of peasant from Ukraine. There was a story that in August 1935 he managed to mine 102 tons of coal in under 6 hours. This was 14 times more than his quota. - He was held up as an example to other workers, and became a national hero. - He travelled the country and appeared on the cover of Time magazine in the west. - He received two Orders of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner. ### Stakhanov as propaganda ![Stakhanov as propaganda](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/4c8da2a2-e915-4633-abe1-12df1edfd565/Shutterstock_426500653.jpg) - In reality, Stakhanov had assistants to help him in this work, and he had better equipment. - In practice, those who tried to copy him disrupted the smooth running of their factories in pursuit of personal gain. - He was used by the Soviet Union as an example of a Soviet worker. ## The Successes and Failures of Industrialisation There were both successes and failures of industrialisation and the five year plans. ### Successes ![Successes](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/b9f99608-af18-499d-a94a-af7732ffc4bf/shutterstock_115189144.jpg) - Workers gained more power and influence in the communist system, and workplaces became more organised. - Production levels in industry increased dramatically from 1928 to 1939. - Electricity supply and machinery production in particular were key successes. - The Dnieper Dam and the Moscow Metro were built, serving as visual symbols of Russian engineering. ### Failures ![Failures](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/4dc435e6-96c3-44ef-9086-ff7826dea5da/shutterstock_381312418.jpg) - It became harder to find a place to live, and targets grew higher and higher. - The First Five-Year Plan set entirely unrealistic goals: a 250% increase in overall industrial development and a 330% expansion in heavy industry. ### Outcome ![Outcome](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/2b6467a4-9bee-4a24-b9fd-760687c39e14/shutterstock_373811701.jpg) - Heavy industry grew enormously, and sparked the development of industrial cities like Magnitogorsk. - Unemployment virtually vanished, and the country was able to re-arm. - As there were more industrial workers the popularity of the regime grew. ## Test yourself on The Extent of Modernisation - What was Stalin the nickname of? - Which fo the following are correct of Stalin's economic policy? - What was the name of the super miner? - Which of the following are correct of Stalin's 5 year plans? - What became a key industrial city in this period? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/68cb5c28-b4d9-41f3-a315-2a7d3e63fc5e/section/a973cd49-a211-4f19-8ae0-d95123be2bcf/session) - Previous topic: [3.2.4 Social & Economic Consequences 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-2-4-social-and-economic-consequences-2.md) - Next topic: [3.3.1 Stalin's Wartime Leadership](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-3-1-stalins-wartime-leadership.md) ## History: AQA GCSE Russia, 1894-1945 contents ### 1 The End of Tsardom - 1.1 Russia's Economy & Society - [1.1.1 Industrialisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-1-1-industrialisation.md) - [1.1.2 Living & Working Conditions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-1-2-living-and-working-conditions.md) - 1.2 Nicholas II's Autocracy & the Court - [1.2.1 Growth of Revolutionary Opposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-2-1-growth-of-revolutionary-opposition.md) - [1.2.2 The 1905 Revolution & the October Manifesto](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-2-2-the-1905-revolution-and-the-october-manifesto.md) - [1.2.3 Reforming Russia Before 1914 - Stolypin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-2-3-reforming-russia-before-1914-stolypin.md) - [1.2.4 The Duma & Political Stalemate](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-2-4-the-duma-and-political-stalemate.md) - 1.3 The First World War - [1.3.1 The Impact of Military Defeats](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-3-1-the-impact-of-military-defeats.md) - [1.3.2 Social & Economic Effects of WW1](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-3-2-social-and-economic-effects-of-ww1.md) - [1.3.3 Romanov Unpopularity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-3-3-romanov-unpopularity.md) - [1.3.4 The Tsar's Abdication](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-3-4-the-tsars-abdication.md) - [1.3.5 Top Grade AO2/3 - The End of Tsardom](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/1-3-5-top-grade-ao23-the-end-of-tsardom.md) ### 2 Lenin's New Society - 2.1 The Provisional Government - [2.1.1 The Failure of the Government](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-1-1-the-failure-of-the-government.md) - [2.1.2 Social & Economic Problems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-1-2-social-and-economic-problems.md) - [2.1.3 Lenin & Trotsky](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-1-3-lenin-and-trotsky.md) - [2.1.4 The Growth of the Bolsheviks](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-1-4-the-growth-of-the-bolsheviks.md) - [2.1.5 The October / November Revolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-1-5-the-october-november-revolution.md) - [2.1.6 Top Grade AO2/3 - The Provisional Government](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-1-6-top-grade-ao23-the-provisional-government.md) - 2.2 The Impact of Lenin's Dictatorship - [2.2.1 The End of the First World War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-2-1-the-end-of-the-first-world-war.md) - [2.2.2 The Cheka](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-2-2-the-cheka.md) - [2.2.3 Red Terror & Centralisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-2-3-red-terror-and-centralisation.md) - [2.2.4 The Civil War & The Red Army](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-2-4-the-civil-war-and-the-red-army.md) - [2.2.5 Propaganda](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-2-5-propaganda.md) - [2.2.6 Top Grade AO2/3 - Early Bolshevism & the Civil War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-2-6-top-grade-ao23-early-bolshevism-and-the-civil-war.md) - 2.3 Social & Economic Developments - [2.3.1 War Communism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-3-1-war-communism.md) - [2.3.2 The Kronstadt Rising](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-3-2-the-kronstadt-rising.md) - [2.3.3 The New Economic Policy (NEP)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-3-3-the-new-economic-policy-nep.md) - [2.3.4 The Achievements of Lenin & Trotsky](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-3-4-the-achievements-of-lenin-and-trotsky.md) - [2.3.5 Top Grade AO2/3 - Social & Economic Developments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/2-3-5-top-grade-ao23-social-and-economic-developments.md) ### 3 Stalin's USSR - 3.1 Stalin the Dictator - [3.1.1 The Power Struggle to Succeed Lenin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-1-1-the-power-struggle-to-succeed-lenin.md) - [3.1.2 The Communist Party & Government](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-1-2-the-communist-party-and-government.md) - [3.1.3 The Terror & the Purges](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-1-3-the-terror-and-the-purges.md) - [3.1.4 The Secret Police](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-1-4-the-secret-police.md) - [3.1.5 Cult of Personality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-1-5-cult-of-personality.md) - [3.1.6 Propaganda & Censorship under Stalin](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-1-6-propaganda-and-censorship-under-stalin.md) - [3.1.7 Top Grade AO2/3 - Stalin's Dictatorship](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-1-7-top-grade-ao23-stalins-dictatorship.md) - 3.2 Stalin's Modernisation of the USSR - [3.2.1 Collectivisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-2-1-collectivisation.md) - [3.2.2 Five Year Plans](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-2-2-five-year-plans.md) - [3.2.3 Social & Economic Consequences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-2-3-social-and-economic-consequences.md) - [3.2.4 Social & Economic Consequences 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-2-4-social-and-economic-consequences-2.md) - [3.2.5 The Extent of Modernisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-2-5-the-extent-of-modernisation.md) - 3.3 Impact of the Second World War - [3.3.1 Stalin's Wartime Leadership](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-3-1-stalins-wartime-leadership.md) - [3.3.2 Political, Economic & Social Consequences of War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-3-2-political-economic-and-social-consequences-of-war.md) - [3.3.3 Top Grade AO2/3 - Modernisation of the USSR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/history/aqa/3-3-3-top-grade-ao23-modernisation-of-the-ussr.md)