Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-9-1-managing-material [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [Design & Technology](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology.md) › [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa.md) › Managing Material # Managing Material Design & Technology: AQA GCSE, topic 7.9.1 ## Managing Material You will need to plan how much material is required for your project. It is important that you do not waste material as this is bad for the environment but also increases cost of your product. ### Cutting materials ![Cutting materials](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/3fde2ba0-2ad1-44b7-a67d-a0b2c7cef5dd/sewing-fitting-tailor-.jpg) - Cut materials efficiently to reduce waste. - Ensure you cut close to where you have marked out and always to the edge of sheet material/ fabric to save as much of the material/ fabric as possible. ### Check, check, cut ![Check, check, cut](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/7d240a02-aeb5-46b7-b52e-3ffe72cee374/seam-allowance-sewing-sew-.jpg) - Take into account your tolerance levels and seam allowance so that there is enough to allow you to manufacture the product accurately. - Remember the rule: CHECK - CHECK - CUT. - Check your marking out twice so you only have to cut once. ### Nesting & tessellating ![Nesting & tessellating](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/88d20157-835a-4772-8ee7-e718c7f4d3b2/egg_nest.jpg) - Nesting or tessellating (to tessellate) means to group items together as close as possible to reduce as much waste as possible. - This is used a lot when vinyl cutting or laser cutting lots of the same shapes at once. - Manufacturers want to reduce waste as much as possible as they want to look after the environment and also reduce costs. ### Tessellation of product on laser cutter ![Tessellation of product on laser cutter](https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1230/942343705_c25d94f28a_b.jpg) ### Measuring units ![Measuring units](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/1.1.1%20Measuring%20length,%20volume,%20etc.../ruler-150936_640%20-%20Edited-min.png) - Designers across the planet always measure the size of products in millimetres (mm) so that anyone around the world can understand what size the product is. - For large pieces we use meters (M). - Centimetres (cm) are rarely used as there is more chance of confusion. ### SI units ![SI units](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/20334b5d-1b76-4e02-ba69-a21455d2e814/trigonometry-calculator-maths-.jpg) - This system of measuring out is referred to as SI units (Systeme International). - Sometimes when calculating the area of material centimetres squared (cm2) can be used as it is easier to understand than mm2 or M2. ## Managing Material You will need to plan how much material is required for your project. It is important that you do not waste material as this is bad for the environment but also increases cost of your product. ### Marking out materials ![Marking out materials](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/HACO_fiber_laser_cutting_machine.jpg) - A datum point is a point where all the measurements are taken from so the product can be as accurate as possible. - It is used a lot for CAD CAM as machines, such as laser cutters, to calculate where they need to cut by using the datum point as a reference point. ### Pattern and grain matching ![Pattern and grain matching](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/7d240a02-aeb5-46b7-b52e-3ffe72cee374/seam-allowance-sewing-sew-.jpg) - If working with fabric or material with a pattern you will need to consider how it will line up once cut. - For example wallpaper needs the pattern lining up with each strip of wallpaper placed on the wall. - The same needs to be done with the grain of the wood, if gluing pieces of timber together you would ensure the grain is running in the same direction and is similar to reduce the look of the join. ### Pattern alignment ![Pattern alignment](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-03/9e79a2c6-61bc-422a-91bc-ffe853fe1009/tracing-paper-pattern-sewing-sew-.jpg) ## Test yourself on Managing Material - Which rule should you remember before you cut your materials? - What type of machines commonly use the datum point as a cutting reference point? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/b4e64de8-a5d1-411b-81e2-aa4e2016e908/section/4b14c4e9-9095-4641-b7a6-a3eaf345bc83/session) - Previous topic: [7.8.1 Tolerances](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-8-1-tolerances.md) - Next topic: [7.9.2 Tools](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-9-2-tools.md) ## Design & Technology: AQA GCSE contents ### 1 Core Technical Principles - 1.1 New & Emerging Technologies - [1.1.1 Industry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-1-industry.md) - [1.1.2 Enterprise](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-2-enterprise.md) - [1.1.3 Sustainability](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-3-sustainability.md) - [1.1.4 People](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-4-people.md) - [1.1.5 Culture & Society](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-5-culture-and-society.md) - [1.1.6 Environment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-6-environment.md) - [1.1.7 Production Techniques & Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-7-production-techniques-and-systems.md) - [1.1.8 Emerging Technologies & Design](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-8-emerging-technologies-and-design.md) - [1.1.9 End of Topic Test - New & Emerging Technologies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-9-end-of-topic-test-new-and-emerging-technologies.md) - [1.1.10 Exam-Style Questions - Emerging Technologies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-1-10-exam-style-questions-emerging-technologies.md) - 1.2 Energy Generation & Storage - [1.2.1 Fossil Fuels & Nuclear](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-2-1-fossil-fuels-and-nuclear.md) - [1.2.2 Renewable Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-2-2-renewable-energy.md) - [1.2.3 Energy Storage Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-2-3-energy-storage-systems.md) - 1.3 Developments in New Materials - [1.3.1 Modern Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-3-1-modern-materials.md) - [1.3.2 Smart Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-3-2-smart-materials.md) - [1.3.3 Exam-Style Questions - Smart Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-3-3-exam-style-questions-smart-materials.md) - [1.3.4 Composite Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-3-4-composite-materials.md) - [1.3.5 Technical Textiles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-3-5-technical-textiles.md) - 1.4 Systems Approach to Designing - [1.4.1 Inputs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-4-1-inputs.md) - [1.4.2 Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-4-2-processes.md) - [1.4.3 Outputs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-4-3-outputs.md) - [1.4.4 Looped Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-4-4-looped-systems.md) - 1.5 Mechanical Devices - [1.5.1 Types of Movement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-5-1-types-of-movement.md) - [1.5.2 Levers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-5-2-levers.md) - [1.5.3 Linkages](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-5-3-linkages.md) - [1.5.4 Rotary Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-5-4-rotary-systems.md) - [1.5.5 End of Topic Test - Designing & Mechanical Devices](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-5-5-end-of-topic-test-designing-and-mechanical-devices.md) - 1.6 Materials Categories - [1.6.1 Timbers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-1-timbers.md) - [1.6.2 Metals & Alloys](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-2-metals-and-alloys.md) - [1.6.3 Metals & Alloys 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-3-metals-and-alloys-2.md) - [1.6.4 Polymers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-4-polymers.md) - [1.6.5 Polymer Types](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-5-polymer-types.md) - [1.6.6 Textiles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-6-textiles.md) - [1.6.7 Textile Types: Fibres](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-7-textile-types-fibres.md) - [1.6.8 Textile Types: Weave](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-8-textile-types-weave.md) - [1.6.9 Paper & Boards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-6-9-paper-and-boards.md) - 1.7 Material Properties - [1.7.1 Physical & Working Properties](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-7-1-physical-and-working-properties.md) - [1.7.2 End of Topic Test - Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-7-2-end-of-topic-test-materials.md) - [1.7.3 Exam-Style Questions - Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/1-7-3-exam-style-questions-materials.md) ### 2 Paper & Board: Specialist Technical Principles - 2.1 Selection of Materials - [2.1.1 Paper & Boards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-1-1-paper-and-boards.md) - [2.1.2 Working with Paper & Boards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-1-2-working-with-paper-and-boards.md) - 2.2 Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses - [2.2.1 Paper & Board: Forces & Stresses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-2-1-paper-and-board-forces-and-stresses.md) - [2.2.2 Cardboard & Paper](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-2-2-cardboard-and-paper.md) - 2.3 Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint - [2.3.1 Paper & Board: Ecological & Social Footprint](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-3-1-paper-and-board-ecological-and-social-footprint.md) - [2.3.2 Paper & Board: The Six Rs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-3-2-paper-and-board-the-six-rs.md) - [2.3.3 Social Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-3-3-social-issues.md) - 2.4 Paper & Board: Sources & Origins - [2.4.1 Paper & Board](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-4-1-paper-and-board.md) - [2.4.2 End of Topic Test - Paper & Board](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-4-2-end-of-topic-test-paper-and-board.md) - 2.5 Paper & Board: Using Materials - [2.5.1 Paper & Board: Properties of Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-5-1-paper-and-board-properties-of-materials.md) - [2.5.2 Paper & Board: Modification of Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-5-2-paper-and-board-modification-of-materials.md) - [2.5.3 Paper & Board: Shape & Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-5-3-paper-and-board-shape-and-form.md) - 2.6 Paper & Board: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes - [2.6.1 Paper & Board: Forms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-6-1-paper-and-board-forms.md) - [2.6.2 Paper & Board: Types](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-6-2-paper-and-board-types.md) - [2.6.3 Paper & Board: Sizes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-6-3-paper-and-board-sizes.md) - [2.6.4 Paper & Board: Standards Components](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-6-4-paper-and-board-standards-components.md) - 2.7 Paper & Board: Scales of Production - [2.7.1 Paper & Board: Scales of Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-7-1-paper-and-board-scales-of-production.md) - [2.7.2 Exam-Style Questions - Scales of Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-7-2-exam-style-questions-scales-of-production.md) - 2.8 Paper & Board: Specialist Techniques & Processes - [2.8.1 Paper & Board: Techniques & Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-8-1-paper-and-board-techniques-and-processes.md) - [2.8.2 Paper & Board: Quality Control](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-8-2-paper-and-board-quality-control.md) - 2.9 Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes - [2.9.1 Paper & Board: Surface Treatments & Finishes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-9-1-paper-and-board-surface-treatments-and-finishes.md) - [2.9.2 End of Topic Test - Specialist Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/2-9-2-end-of-topic-test-specialist-techniques.md) ### 3 Timber: Specialist Technical Principles - 3.1 Timber: Selection of Materials - [3.1.1 Timber Based Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-1-1-timber-based-materials.md) - [3.1.2 Timber: Environment & Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-1-2-timber-environment-and-ethics.md) - 3.2 Timber: Forces & Stresses - [3.2.1 Timber: Forces & Stresses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-2-1-timber-forces-and-stresses.md) - [3.2.2 Timber](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-2-2-timber.md) - 3.3 Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint - [3.3.1 Timber: Ecological & Social Footprint](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-3-1-timber-ecological-and-social-footprint.md) - [3.3.2 Timber: The Six Rs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-3-2-timber-the-six-rs.md) - [3.3.3 Timber: Social Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-3-3-timber-social-issues.md) - [3.3.4 Exam-Style Questions - Timber](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-3-4-exam-style-questions-timber.md) - 3.4 Timber: Sources & Origins - [3.4.1 Timber](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-4-1-timber.md) - [3.4.2 Timber: Processing & Seasoning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-4-2-timber-processing-and-seasoning.md) - [3.4.3 Manufactured Board](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-4-3-manufactured-board.md) - [3.4.4 End of Topic Test - Timber](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-4-4-end-of-topic-test-timber.md) - 3.5 Timber: Using Materials - [3.5.1 Timber: Properties of Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-5-1-timber-properties-of-materials.md) - [3.5.2 Timber: Modification of Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-5-2-timber-modification-of-materials.md) - [3.5.3 Timber: Shape & Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-5-3-timber-shape-and-form.md) - [3.5.4 Timber: Shape & Form 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-5-4-timber-shape-and-form-2.md) - 3.6 Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes - [3.6.1 Timber: Stock Forms, Types & Sizes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-6-1-timber-stock-forms-types-and-sizes.md) - 3.7 Timber: Scales of Production - [3.7.1 Timber: Scales of Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-7-1-timber-scales-of-production.md) - 3.8 Timber: Specialist Techniques & Processes - [3.8.1 Timber: Tools, Equipment & Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-8-1-timber-tools-equipment-and-processes.md) - [3.8.2 Timber: Tools, Equipment & Processes 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-8-2-timber-tools-equipment-and-processes-2.md) - [3.8.3 Timber: Quality Control](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-8-3-timber-quality-control.md) - 3.9 Timber: Surface Treatments & Finishes - [3.9.1 Timber: Surface Treatments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-9-1-timber-surface-treatments.md) - [3.9.2 Timber: Finishes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-9-2-timber-finishes.md) - [3.9.3 End of Topic Test - Specialist Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/3-9-3-end-of-topic-test-specialist-techniques.md) ### 4 Metal: Specialist Technical Principles - 4.1 Metals: Selection of Materials - [4.1.1 Metal-Based Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-1-1-metal-based-materials.md) - [4.1.2 Ferrous Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-1-2-ferrous-metals.md) - [4.1.3 Non-Ferrous Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-1-3-non-ferrous-metals.md) - [4.1.4 Alloys](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-1-4-alloys.md) - [4.1.5 Metals: Environment & Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-1-5-metals-environment-and-ethics.md) - 4.2 Metals: Forces & Stresses - [4.2.1 Metals: Forces & Stresses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-2-1-metals-forces-and-stresses.md) - 4.3 Metals: Ecological & Social Footprint - [4.3.1 Metals: Ecological Footprint](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-3-1-metals-ecological-footprint.md) - [4.3.2 Metals: Social Footprint](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-3-2-metals-social-footprint.md) - [4.3.3 Metals: The Six R's](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-3-3-metals-the-six-rs.md) - [4.3.4 Metals: Social Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-3-4-metals-social-issues.md) - 4.4 Metals: Sources & Origins - [4.4.1 Origins of Metal](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-4-1-origins-of-metal.md) - [4.4.2 Processing Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-4-2-processing-metals.md) - 4.5 Metals: Alloy-Based Materials - [4.5.1 Types of Metal Alloys](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-5-1-types-of-metal-alloys.md) - [4.5.2 Alloying Elements](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-5-2-alloying-elements.md) - [4.5.3 Properties & Benefits](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-5-3-properties-and-benefits.md) - [4.5.4 Processing & Fabrication](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-5-4-processing-and-fabrication.md) - [4.5.5 Applications of Alloys](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-5-5-applications-of-alloys.md) - [4.5.6 Metal Alloys in Industry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-5-6-metal-alloys-in-industry.md) - [4.5.7 Applications of Metal Alloys](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-5-7-applications-of-metal-alloys.md) - 4.6 Metals: Using Materials - [4.6.1 Properties of Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-6-1-properties-of-metals.md) - [4.6.2 Modification of Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-6-2-modification-of-metals.md) - [4.6.3 Metals: Shape & Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-6-3-metals-shape-and-form.md) - 4.7 Metals: Scales of Production - [4.7.1 Metals: Scales of Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-7-1-metals-scales-of-production.md) - 4.8 Metals: Specialist Techniques & Processes - [4.8.1 Metals: Tools](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-8-1-metals-tools.md) - [4.8.2 Metals: Tools & Equipment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-8-2-metals-tools-and-equipment.md) - [4.8.3 Metals: Cutting, Forming & Machining Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-8-3-metals-cutting-forming-and-machining-processes.md) - [4.8.4 Metals: Joining, Casting & Heat Treatment Process](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-8-4-metals-joining-casting-and-heat-treatment-process.md) - 4.9 Metals: Quality Control - [4.9.1 Metals: Quality Control](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-9-1-metals-quality-control.md) - [4.9.2 Metals: Quality Control Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-9-2-metals-quality-control-processes.md) - 4.10 Metals: Surface Treatments & Finishes - [4.10.1 Metals: Surface Treatments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-10-1-metals-surface-treatments.md) - [4.10.2 Metals: Surface Treatments for Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-10-2-metals-surface-treatments-for-metals.md) - [4.10.3 Metals: Finishes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-10-3-metals-finishes.md) - [4.10.4 Metals: Finishing Techniques for Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/4-10-4-metals-finishing-techniques-for-metals.md) ### 5 Polymers: Specialist Technical Principles - 5.1 Polymers - [5.1.1 Polymers: Functionality & Aesthetics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-1-1-polymers-functionality-and-aesthetics.md) - [5.1.2 Polymers: Environment & Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-1-2-polymers-environment-and-ethics.md) - [5.1.3 Polymers: Sources, Origins & Properties](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-1-3-polymers-sources-origins-and-properties.md) - [5.1.4 Polymers: Forces & Stresses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-1-4-polymers-forces-and-stresses.md) - [5.1.5 Polymers: Ecological & Social Footprint](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-1-5-polymers-ecological-and-social-footprint.md) - [5.1.6 Polymers: The Six R's](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-1-6-polymers-the-six-rs.md) - 5.2 Polymer Categories - [5.2.1 Categories of Polymers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-2-1-categories-of-polymers.md) - [5.2.2 Thermoforming Polymers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-2-2-thermoforming-polymers.md) - [5.2.3 Thermosetting Polymers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-2-3-thermosetting-polymers.md) - 5.3 Polymer Forms - [5.3.1 Polymers: Stock Forms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-3-1-polymers-stock-forms.md) - [5.3.2 Polymers: Shape & Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-3-2-polymers-shape-and-form.md) - 5.4 Polymer Production, Techniques & Quality Control - [5.4.1 Polymers: Scales of Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-4-1-polymers-scales-of-production.md) - [5.4.2 Polymers: Specialist Techniques & Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-4-2-polymers-specialist-techniques-and-processes.md) - [5.4.3 Polymers: Quality Control Systems: Tolerance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-4-3-polymers-quality-control-systems-tolerance.md) - [5.4.4 Polymers: Finishes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/5-4-4-polymers-finishes.md) ### 6 Textiles: Specialist Technical Principles - 6.1 Textile Materials - [6.1.1 Origin of Textiles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-1-1-origin-of-textiles.md) - [6.1.2 Textile Industry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-1-2-textile-industry.md) - 6.2 Selection of Materials - [6.2.1 Natural Fibres](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-2-1-natural-fibres.md) - [6.2.2 Synthetic Fibres](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-2-2-synthetic-fibres.md) - [6.2.3 Environmental Concerns](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-2-3-environmental-concerns.md) - [6.2.4 Environmental Impact](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-2-4-environmental-impact.md) - [6.2.5 Ethical Challenges](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-2-5-ethical-challenges.md) - 6.3 Forces & Stresses - [6.3.1 Forces & Stresses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-3-1-forces-and-stresses.md) - 6.4 Ecological & Social Footprint - [6.4.1 Ecological Footprint](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-4-1-ecological-footprint.md) - [6.4.2 Social Footprint](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-4-2-social-footprint.md) - [6.4.3 Addressing Ecological & Social Footprints](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-4-3-addressing-ecological-and-social-footprints.md) - [6.4.4 The Six R's](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-4-4-the-six-rs.md) - [6.4.5 Labour Conditions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-4-5-labour-conditions.md) - [6.4.6 Social Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-4-6-social-issues.md) - [6.4.7 Addressing Social Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/6-4-7-addressing-social-issues.md) ### 7 Designing & Making Principles - 7.1 Investigation & Data - [7.1.1 Iterative Design](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-1-1-iterative-design.md) - [7.1.2 Primary & Secondary Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-1-2-primary-and-secondary-data.md) - [7.1.3 Market Research](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-1-3-market-research.md) - [7.1.4 Ergonomics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-1-4-ergonomics.md) - [7.1.5 Specifications](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-1-5-specifications.md) - [7.1.6 End of Topic Test - Investigation & Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-1-6-end-of-topic-test-investigation-and-data.md) - [7.1.7 Exam-Style Questions - Specifications](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-1-7-exam-style-questions-specifications.md) - 7.2 Environmental, Social & Economic Challenges - [7.2.1 Challenges](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-2-1-challenges.md) - [7.2.2 Your Research](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-2-2-your-research.md) - 7.3 The Work of Others - [7.3.1 Designers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-3-1-designers.md) - [7.3.2 Architects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-3-2-architects.md) - [7.3.3 Product Design](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-3-3-product-design.md) - [7.3.4 Industrial Designers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-3-4-industrial-designers.md) - [7.3.5 Product Design Companies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-3-5-product-design-companies.md) - [7.3.6 Textile Design Companies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-3-6-textile-design-companies.md) - [7.3.7 End of Topic Test - The Work of Others](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-3-7-end-of-topic-test-the-work-of-others.md) - 7.4 Design Strategies - [7.4.1 Design Strategies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-4-1-design-strategies.md) - 7.5 Communication of Design Ideas - [7.5.1 Design Communication](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-5-1-design-communication.md) - 7.6 Prototype Development - [7.6.1 Prototype Development](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-6-1-prototype-development.md) - 7.7 Selection of Materials - [7.7.1 Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-7-1-materials.md) - 7.8 Tolerances - [7.8.1 Tolerances](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-8-1-tolerances.md) - 7.9 Material Management - [7.9.1 Managing Material](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-9-1-managing-material.md) - [7.9.2 Tools](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-9-2-tools.md) - 7.10 Specialist Equipment - [7.10.1 Health & Safety](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-10-1-health-and-safety.md) - 7.11 Specialist Techniques & Processes - [7.11.1 Specialist Techniques & Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-11-1-specialist-techniques-and-processes.md) - [7.11.2 Surface Finishes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-11-2-surface-finishes.md) - [7.11.3 End of Topic Test - Designing & Making](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/design-and-technology/aqa/7-11-3-end-of-topic-test-designing-and-making.md)