Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-5-1-arithmetic-and-relational-operators

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# Arithmetic & Relational Operators

Coding: Introduction to Python v3, topic 1.5.1

## Arithmetic Operators

Operators are symbols that represent a specific function within a program.

### Basic operators

![Basic operators](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/1.4.2%20Equilibrium/math-1500720_640-min.jpg)

- Addition is done using a + sign.
- Subtraction is done using a - sign.
- Division is done using a / sign.
- Multiplication is done using a * sign.
- Exponentiation is done using a ** sign.

### Modulo operator

![Modulo operator](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/5a3e22ce-52e1-4589-bfc1-17d04cf33c95/percent-1019730_1920.jpg)

- The modulo operator gives the remainder of the division of two numbers.
- For example:
 - 5 % 2 would be equal to 1.

### Integer division

![Integer division](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/6ab7f5cb-539a-4bbc-82c1-859d25a7c19b/divide.png)

- The integer division operator returns the quotient (whole part) of a division.
- For example:
 - 5 // 2 would give 2.

## Relational Operators

Relational operators compare two values, and produce a True or False value.

### Equality

![Equality](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA%20New%20Modules/1.3.1/chalk%20board%20equals%20sign.jpg)

- We can test if two values are equal using the equality operator. For example:
 - 2 == 2 would evaluate to True.
- We can test if two values are not equal using the not-equal-to operator:
 - 2 != 2 would evaluate to False.

### Comparison

![Comparison](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/ceef0317-0275-4ff2-9074-a6e03a3199b2/unequal-balance-.jpg)

- We can compare two numbers using the less than and greater than signs. For example:
 - 2 < 3 evaluates to True.
 - 2 > 3 evaluates to False.
- We can test for less than or equal, or greater than or equal like this:
 - 2 <= 3 evaluates to True.
 - 3 >= 3 evaluates to True.

## Test yourself on Arithmetic & Relational Operators

- What is the result of 17 % 5?
- Which of the following statements are correct of arithmetic operators?
- The // operation performs which operation?
- Which of these is the correct operator for 'not equal to'?
- Toggle until all are correct: Which of these statements evaluates to True?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/72d0364c-db0a-4630-8e0a-61f48cae0252/section/50ddcfb1-211a-4ce9-8cf6-595efd4f93c4/session)

- Previous topic: [1.4.1 Variables & Constants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-4-1-variables-and-constants.md)
- Next topic: [1.5.2 Boolean & Assignment Operators 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-5-2-boolean-and-assignment-operators-2.md)

## Coding: Introduction to Python v3 contents

### 1 Introduction to Python
- 1.1 Python
  - [1.1.1 Python](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-1-1-python.md)
- 1.2 Input & Output
  - [1.2.1 Input & Output](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-2-1-input-and-output.md)
- 1.3 Data Types
  - [1.3.1 Data Types](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-3-1-data-types.md)
- 1.4 Variables & Constants
  - [1.4.1 Variables & Constants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-4-1-variables-and-constants.md)
- 1.5 Operators
  - [1.5.1 Arithmetic & Relational Operators](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-5-1-arithmetic-and-relational-operators.md)
  - [1.5.2 Boolean & Assignment Operators 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-5-2-boolean-and-assignment-operators-2.md)
- 1.6 Program Flow
  - [1.6.1 Selection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-6-1-selection.md)
  - [1.6.2 Iteration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/1-6-2-iteration.md)

### 2 Data Structures
- 2.1 Lists & Strings
  - [2.1.1 Lists](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/2-1-1-lists.md)
  - [2.1.2 Strings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/2-1-2-strings.md)
- 2.2 File Handling
  - [2.2.1 File Handling](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/2-2-1-file-handling.md)

### 3 Modularity
- 3.1 Subroutines
  - [3.1.1 Subroutines](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/3-1-1-subroutines.md)
- 3.2 Data Flow
  - [3.2.1 Data Flow](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/3-2-1-data-flow.md)

### 4 Good Practice
- 4.1 Naming & Whitespace
  - [4.1.1 Identifiers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/4-1-1-identifiers.md)
  - [4.1.2 Whitespace](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/4-1-2-whitespace.md)
- 4.2 Comments
  - [4.2.1 Comments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/4-2-1-comments.md)
- 4.3 Exceptions
  - [4.3.1 Exceptions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/coding/national-curriculum/4-3-1-exceptions.md)