Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-1-product

[Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business.md) › [Edexcel](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel.md) › Product

# Product

Business: Edexcel GCSE, topic 2.2.1

## Product Design

Product design is the process of creating new products or services for firms to sell. Firms that are good at product design will be good at researching new products, good at developing them and good at coming up with new and innovative ideas that customers will buy.

### Market-driven approach

![Market-driven approach](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/8414cadf-31da-4678-9fa0-92f7714fb9d0/shutterstock_645904165.jpg)

- The market-driven approach is one that listens and responds to the needs and wants of customers. 
- Firms that use a market-driven approach don’t just design a product that a couple of people in the company think is a good idea. 
- They will do lots of market research into what customers want.
- A market-driven approach is much more effective in developing successful new products.

### Product differentiation

![Product differentiation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/517ff89d-36d3-4226-803f-d80e09cc11a0/shutterstock_729205330.jpg)

- Product differentiation is making your product different to competitors' products. A product’s unique selling point (USP) is the part of the product or service that is different to anything else in the market.
 - Tesla’s USP is that their cars run on electricity rather than petrol or diesel. 
 - Dyson's USP is that it produces fans that are bladeless. However, other businesses, like Samsung, have since imitated this feature, and so it is no longer unique.

## The Design Mix

A product is usually produced with the three following aspects in mind: function, cost and aesthetics.

### Function

![Function](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/a50e8b50-14a1-44e5-8c28-0af132c56788/shutterstock_618425918.jpg)

- Function is the way that a product works (including all of the different aspects of how it works). 
 - For example, when designing a speaker you need to think about whether or not it will be Bluetooth, will it be wireless and if so, how will it be charged. 
 - Beats by Dre offer wired and wireless versions but making the wireless headphones is usually more expensive, so Apple (which owns Beats) usually charges a higher price for these.

### Cost

![Cost](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/7e20a0eb-00bc-4eb7-ad65-a29202f26027/shutterstock_149305835.jpg)

- The product design and its features affects how much the product will cost to make, and so price is an important consideration when designing a product.

### Aesthetics

![Aesthetics](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/d8c46580-15d6-4892-b57d-0c410f766089/shutterstock_416888221.jpg)

- Product image (or the way a product looks) can make a product stand out from competition, but it also has important impact on the overall brand image of the business.
 - For example, Monzo is an app that offers banking services. Its functionality is not very different to other big banks like Barclays but the aesthetics of its products are very pleasing.  
- Brand image is important because it is essentially the reputation of the firm. This is not just important for selling the product but also for selling the firms other products and services.

## Test yourself on Product

- Why is product differentiation important?
- What do we call the part of the product or service that is different to anything else in the market?
- What is the USP of Dyson Airblade hand dryers?
- What are the 3 aspects of the design mix?
- The Monzo banking app works like many larger banks, but their products are very nice to look at. Which component of the design mix are they focusing on?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/e7efbfa0-222a-11e8-9249-b5781fc38111/section/8eeacbf0-22fe-11e8-bb4b-e16fac146884/session)

- Previous topic: [2.1.8 Exam-Style Questions - Business Growth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-8-exam-style-questions-business-growth.md)
- Next topic: [2.2.2 Product Life Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-2-product-life-cycle.md)

## Business: Edexcel GCSE contents

### 1 Investigating Small Business
- 1.1 Enterprise & Entrepreneurship
  - [1.1.1 The Dynamic Nature of Businesses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-1-the-dynamic-nature-of-businesses.md)
  - [1.1.2 Risk & Reward](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-2-risk-and-reward.md)
  - [1.1.3 The Role of Business Enterprise](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-3-the-role-of-business-enterprise.md)
  - [1.1.4 The Role of Business Enterprise 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-4-the-role-of-business-enterprise-2.md)
  - [1.1.5 The Role of the Entrepreneur](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-5-the-role-of-the-entrepreneur.md)
  - [1.1.6 End of Topic Test - Dynamic Nature of Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-6-end-of-topic-test-dynamic-nature-of-business.md)
  - [1.1.7 Grade 9 - Dynamic Nature of Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-7-grade-9-dynamic-nature-of-business.md)
- 1.2 Spotting a Business Opportunity
  - [1.2.1 Customer Needs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-1-customer-needs.md)
  - [1.2.2 Market Research](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-2-market-research.md)
  - [1.2.3 Market Segmentation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-3-market-segmentation.md)
  - [1.2.4 The Competitive Environment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-4-the-competitive-environment.md)
  - [1.2.5 Primary & Secondary Market Research](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-5-primary-and-secondary-market-research.md)
  - [1.2.6 End of Topic Test - Business Opportunities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-6-end-of-topic-test-business-opportunities.md)
  - [1.2.7 Application Questions - Business Opportunities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-7-application-questions-business-opportunities.md)
  - [1.2.8 Exam-Style Questions - Market Segmentation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-8-exam-style-questions-market-segmentation.md)
  - [1.2.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Competition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-competition.md)
- 1.3 Putting a Business Idea into Practice
  - [1.3.1 Business Aims](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-1-business-aims.md)
  - [1.3.2 Business Objectives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-2-business-objectives.md)
  - [1.3.3 Business Revenues & Costs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-3-business-revenues-and-costs.md)
  - [1.3.4 Costs - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-4-costs-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.5 Revenue - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-5-revenue-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.6 Business Profits & Break-Even Analysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-6-business-profits-and-break-even-analysis.md)
  - [1.3.7 Profits & Losses - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-7-profits-and-losses-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.8 Interest - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-8-interest-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.9 Cash & Cash Flow](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-9-cash-and-cash-flow.md)
  - [1.3.10 Cash & Cash Flow 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-10-cash-and-cash-flow-2.md)
  - [1.3.11 Cash Flow - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-11-cash-flow-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.12 Sources of Business Finance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-12-sources-of-business-finance.md)
  - [1.3.13 End of Topic Test - Business in Practice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-13-end-of-topic-test-business-in-practice.md)
  - [1.3.14 Grade 9 - Business in Practice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-14-grade-9-business-in-practice.md)
  - [1.3.15 Exam-Style Questions - Business in Practice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-15-exam-style-questions-business-in-practice.md)
  - [1.3.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Profit](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-16-diagnostic-misconceptions-profit.md)
  - [1.3.17 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Company vs Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-17-diagnostic-misconceptions-company-vs-business.md)
  - [1.3.18 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Economies of Scale](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-18-diagnostic-misconceptions-economies-of-scale.md)
  - [1.3.19 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Cash Flow](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-19-diagnostic-misconceptions-cash-flow.md)
  - [1.3.20 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Break-even](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-20-diagnostic-misconceptions-break-even.md)
  - [1.3.21 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Fixed Costs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-21-diagnostic-misconceptions-fixed-costs.md)
- 1.4 Making the Business Effective
  - [1.4.1 The Options for Start-Up & Small Businesses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-1-the-options-for-start-up-and-small-businesses.md)
  - [1.4.2 Limited Liability](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-2-limited-liability.md)
  - [1.4.3 Franchising & Not-For-Profits](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-3-franchising-and-not-for-profits.md)
  - [1.4.4 Business Location](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-4-business-location.md)
  - [1.4.5 The Marketing Mix](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-5-the-marketing-mix.md)
  - [1.4.6 Business Plans](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-6-business-plans.md)
  - [1.4.7 End of Topic Test - Effective Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-7-end-of-topic-test-effective-business.md)
  - [1.4.8 Application Questions - Effective Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-8-application-questions-effective-business.md)
  - [1.4.9 Exam-Style Questions - Business Plans](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-9-exam-style-questions-business-plans.md)
- 1.5 Business Stakeholders
  - [1.5.1 Business Stakeholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-1-business-stakeholders.md)
  - [1.5.2 Technology & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-2-technology-and-business.md)
  - [1.5.3 Legislation & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-3-legislation-and-business.md)
  - [1.5.4 Legislation & Business 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-4-legislation-and-business-2.md)
  - [1.5.5 The Economy & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-5-the-economy-and-business.md)
  - [1.5.6 External Influences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-6-external-influences.md)
  - [1.5.7 End of Topic Test - Business Stakeholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-7-end-of-topic-test-business-stakeholders.md)
  - [1.5.8 Grade 9 - Business Stakeholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-8-grade-9-business-stakeholders.md)
  - [1.5.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Recessions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-recessions.md)

### 2 Building a Business
- 2.1 Growing the Business
  - [2.1.1 Business Growth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-1-business-growth.md)
  - [2.1.2 Finance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-2-finance.md)
  - [2.1.3 Changes in Business Aims & Globalisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-3-changes-in-business-aims-and-globalisation.md)
  - [2.1.4 Ethics & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-4-ethics-and-business.md)
  - [2.1.5 The Environment & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-5-the-environment-and-business.md)
  - [2.1.6 End of Topic Test - Growing a Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-6-end-of-topic-test-growing-a-business.md)
  - [2.1.7 Application Questions - Growing a Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-7-application-questions-growing-a-business.md)
  - [2.1.8 Exam-Style Questions - Business Growth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-8-exam-style-questions-business-growth.md)
- 2.2 Making Marketing Decisions
  - [2.2.1 Product](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-1-product.md)
  - [2.2.2 Product Life Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-2-product-life-cycle.md)
  - [2.2.3 Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-3-price.md)
  - [2.2.4 Pricing Methods](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-4-pricing-methods.md)
  - [2.2.5 End of Topic Test - Product & Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-5-end-of-topic-test-product-and-price.md)
  - [2.2.6 Grade 9  - Product & Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-6-grade-9-product-and-price.md)
  - [2.2.7 Promotion & Advertising](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-7-promotion-and-advertising.md)
  - [2.2.8 PR & Sales Promotions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-8-pr-and-sales-promotions.md)
  - [2.2.9 Sponsorship & Product Placement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-9-sponsorship-and-product-placement.md)
  - [2.2.10 Promotional Mix](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-10-promotional-mix.md)
  - [2.2.11 End of Topic Test - Promotion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-11-end-of-topic-test-promotion.md)
  - [2.2.12 Application Questions - Promotion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-12-application-questions-promotion.md)
  - [2.2.13 Exam-Style Questions - Promotional Mix](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-13-exam-style-questions-promotional-mix.md)
  - [2.2.14 Place & Wholesalers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-14-place-and-wholesalers.md)
  - [2.2.15 Direct to Consumer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-15-direct-to-consumer.md)
  - [2.2.16 E-commerce & M-commerce](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-16-e-commerce-and-m-commerce.md)
  - [2.2.17 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Decreasing Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-17-diagnostic-misconceptions-decreasing-price.md)
  - [2.2.18 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Advertise vs Promote](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-18-diagnostic-misconceptions-advertise-vs-promote.md)
  - [2.2.19 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Social Media](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-19-diagnostic-misconceptions-social-media.md)
- 2.3 Making Operational Decisions
  - [2.3.1 Job Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-1-job-production.md)
  - [2.3.2 Batch & Flow Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-2-batch-and-flow-production.md)
  - [2.3.3 Working with Suppliers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-3-working-with-suppliers.md)
  - [2.3.4 Effective Supply Chains](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-4-effective-supply-chains.md)
  - [2.3.5 Just In Time & Just In Case](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-5-just-in-time-and-just-in-case.md)
  - [2.3.6 Managing Quality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-6-managing-quality.md)
  - [2.3.7 Total Quality Management](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-7-total-quality-management.md)
  - [2.3.8 The Sales Process](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-8-the-sales-process.md)
  - [2.3.9 End of Topic Test - Operational Decisions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-9-end-of-topic-test-operational-decisions.md)
  - [2.3.10 Grade 9  - Operational Decisions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-10-grade-9-operational-decisions.md)
  - [2.3.11 Exam-Style Questions - Managing Stock](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-11-exam-style-questions-managing-stock.md)
  - [2.3.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - JIT vs JIC](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-jit-vs-jic.md)
- 2.4 Making Financial Decisions
  - [2.4.1 Gross Profit & Net Profit - Definitions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-1-gross-profit-and-net-profit-definitions.md)
  - [2.4.2 Gross Profit - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-2-gross-profit-calculations.md)
  - [2.4.3 Net Profit - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-3-net-profit-calculations.md)
  - [2.4.4 Rate of Return](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-4-rate-of-return.md)
  - [2.4.5 Rate of Return - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-5-rate-of-return-calculations.md)
  - [2.4.6 Research & Financial Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-6-research-and-financial-data.md)
  - [2.4.7 Marketing Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-7-marketing-data.md)
  - [2.4.8 Percentage Change - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-8-percentage-change-calculations.md)
- 2.5 Making Human Resource Decisions
  - [2.5.1 Organisational Structures](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-1-organisational-structures.md)
  - [2.5.2 Organisational Structures 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-2-organisational-structures-2.md)
  - [2.5.3 Recruitment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-3-recruitment.md)
  - [2.5.4 Effective Recruitment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-4-effective-recruitment.md)
  - [2.5.5 Training a Workforce](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-5-training-a-workforce.md)
  - [2.5.6 Motivating a Workforce](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-6-motivating-a-workforce.md)
  - [2.5.7 End of Topic Tests - Human Resources](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-7-end-of-topic-tests-human-resources.md)
  - [2.5.8 Application Questions - Human Resources](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-8-application-questions-human-resources.md)
  - [2.5.9 Exam-Style Questions - Human Resources](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-9-exam-style-questions-human-resources.md)
  - [2.5.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Owners vs Shareholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-owners-vs-shareholders.md)
  - [2.5.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Internal Recruitment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-internal-recruitment.md)
  - [2.5.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Employee Motivation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-employee-motivation.md)