Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-6-business-plans

[Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business.md) › [Edexcel](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel.md) › Business Plans

# Business Plans

Business: Edexcel GCSE, topic 1.4.6

## Why Do Businesses Create Plans?

It is important for any new or existing business to create a plan in order to have an understanding of how it plans to achieve its aims and objectives. There are 4 key reasons why businesses create plans:

### Important for new businesses

![Important for new businesses](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/c73c9eb8-6779-49bd-b12b-40cc0569d9b4/shutterstock_663220366.jpg)

- It is important for a new business to have a plan for the owner to clarify their thoughts and plans and for a potential investor like a venture capitalist or bank manager. A detailed plan lets the owner and financial backers think about the business idea in depth. 
 - When Peter Jones and Theo Paphitis invested in Levi Roots Reggae Reggae Sauce, they asked to see Levi’s business plan before they committed to providing their expertise and investment.

### Raising finance

![Raising finance](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/4efdf9a8-cb81-466a-94da-519f69250bbc/shutterstock_552445588.jpg)

- To decide whether to give finance to a business, investors and banks need in-depth financial information. 
- A business plan can provide detailed info about the costs and expected revenue for a company and this can be used to convince financial backers that they should invest.
 - When Facebook raised finance from venture capitalists to grow and when Snap Inc listed on the New York Stock Exchange they had to provide business plans.

### Setting objectives

![Setting objectives](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/619078ae-21bc-4a2d-bd13-b1661afc5ef7/shutterstock_758038120.jpg)

- A plan lets a business clearly set out what the business’ objectives are and how they are going to go about achieving them.
- These specific business objectives help firms to achieve their aims as they are measurable targets for the firm to work towards.
- It also allows a business to see which areas (growth, sales, profits etc.) they need to improve and which they are doing well on. If they fail to meet an objective then it can be easier to understand why it was not met.

### Business organisation

![Business organisation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/e1ad7f62-d4d6-4c81-8192-136573d8d7d3/shutterstock_565947739.jpg)

- By detailing how functions of the business will be organised, a business plan can help improve the way that a business is run. 
- It helps businesses, particularly smaller ones, to think logically about the most efficient way to run a business. 
 - A local cafe can plan its purchasing, pricing and staffing in a business plan that can help it manage its operations.

## The Main Parts of a Business Plan

There are lots of different ways to structure a business plan. However, some sections are very important and are almost always included.

### Executive summary

![Executive summary](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/203c2093-2c13-4907-9bac-1814a4b46921/shutterstock_550143547.jpg)

- The executive summary should be a concise overview of the entire business plan.

### Mission statement

![Mission statement](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/9008a76f-f657-41dd-a561-6f08019263f1/shutterstock_339434960.jpg)

- A mission statement says what a company wants to achieve.

### Products or services

![Products or services](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/f84a292f-1628-4955-b9d1-c02c8f12cbc6/shutterstock_370739012.jpg)

- This section should clearly describe which products or services the company sells and why customers will benefit from this. 
- This also may include what a product’s unique selling point (USP) is. The USP of a product or service is how this product or service is different (or unique) from the products or services offered by the competition.

### Market analysis

![Market analysis](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/84f9875a-a931-4edd-96bb-fbab41f33c5d/shutterstock_328916051.jpg)

- This will include an in-depth analysis of different aspects of the business’ environment.
 - Analysis of competitors – Who the main competition are and where they are positioned in the market.
 - Analysis of customers – The different customer segments and which of these will be the ‘target market’.

### Organisation and management team

![Organisation and management team](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/2bc6b93b-5a0e-4f6b-acad-a4e9cd8ab47f/shutterstock_184808168.jpg)

- This will outline the company’s organisation structure and provide personal details of the owners and other important personnel.

### Production details

![Production details](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/36bf4d20-f258-43f8-9690-ea2c4e2be7f5/shutterstock_611772554.jpg)

- This will outline how a firm will produce its products or provide its services.
- This includes things like the location of factories, who the suppliers will be, what materials will be needed and how much they will cost.

### Finance

![Finance](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/4efdf9a8-cb81-466a-94da-519f69250bbc/shutterstock_552445588.jpg)

- This section will outline the investment that is needed to start up a business, as well as objectives for revenue and profit. 
 - Cost and profit - This includes detailed outlines of the forecasts for cost, revenue and profit. 
 - This section usually includes a cash-flow forecast and projected profit and loss account for the first 12 months of trading. 
 - Sources of finance - This section often includes details of how a company will fund investment if it is required.

## Advantages and Disadvantages of a Business Plan

There are advantages and disadvantages of creating business plans.

### Advantages

![Advantages](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/e5a545dd-88fe-4486-9355-8c9a2e8de511/shutterstock_758038120.jpg)

- Business plans provide parameters for setting targets.
- Management can check staffing, incomes, product ranges and lots of other things against previous business plans and expansion plans. 
- A business plan can be used as a benchmark against outcomes like cashflow, production outcomes or service delivery. The plan can also be compared to the behaviour of competitors and the business’ own performance in past years.

### Disadvantages

![Disadvantages](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/b608acc0-0133-48e5-b07f-c2130fb6de52/shutterstock_547096873.jpg)

- Businesses need to be flexible and able to adapt to a changing environment. A business plan may stop a company changing.
- Business plans can be costly and time consuming to make. If an entrepreneur has less time to spend designing a good product and selling to customers, then the time spent making a business plan may be negative for the business. 
- Also, forecasts of revenue and profit may be misleading and lead to bad decisions.

## Test yourself on Business Plans

- What are the 4 key reasons why businesses create plans?
- Who would not be particularly interested in a new business' plan?
- Which of the following is not a key part of a business plan?
- Which of the following are key parts of a business plan?
- Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of making business plans?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/e7efbfa0-222a-11e8-9249-b5781fc38111/section/2cf0b420-22d9-11e8-9cbe-8f1123064fb1/session)

- Previous topic: [1.4.5 The Marketing Mix](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-5-the-marketing-mix.md)
- Next topic: [1.4.7 End of Topic Test - Effective Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-7-end-of-topic-test-effective-business.md)

## Business: Edexcel GCSE contents

### 1 Investigating Small Business
- 1.1 Enterprise & Entrepreneurship
  - [1.1.1 The Dynamic Nature of Businesses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-1-the-dynamic-nature-of-businesses.md)
  - [1.1.2 Risk & Reward](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-2-risk-and-reward.md)
  - [1.1.3 The Role of Business Enterprise](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-3-the-role-of-business-enterprise.md)
  - [1.1.4 The Role of Business Enterprise 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-4-the-role-of-business-enterprise-2.md)
  - [1.1.5 The Role of the Entrepreneur](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-5-the-role-of-the-entrepreneur.md)
  - [1.1.6 End of Topic Test - Dynamic Nature of Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-6-end-of-topic-test-dynamic-nature-of-business.md)
  - [1.1.7 Grade 9 - Dynamic Nature of Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-1-7-grade-9-dynamic-nature-of-business.md)
- 1.2 Spotting a Business Opportunity
  - [1.2.1 Customer Needs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-1-customer-needs.md)
  - [1.2.2 Market Research](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-2-market-research.md)
  - [1.2.3 Market Segmentation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-3-market-segmentation.md)
  - [1.2.4 The Competitive Environment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-4-the-competitive-environment.md)
  - [1.2.5 Primary & Secondary Market Research](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-5-primary-and-secondary-market-research.md)
  - [1.2.6 End of Topic Test - Business Opportunities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-6-end-of-topic-test-business-opportunities.md)
  - [1.2.7 Application Questions - Business Opportunities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-7-application-questions-business-opportunities.md)
  - [1.2.8 Exam-Style Questions - Market Segmentation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-8-exam-style-questions-market-segmentation.md)
  - [1.2.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Competition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-competition.md)
- 1.3 Putting a Business Idea into Practice
  - [1.3.1 Business Aims](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-1-business-aims.md)
  - [1.3.2 Business Objectives](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-2-business-objectives.md)
  - [1.3.3 Business Revenues & Costs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-3-business-revenues-and-costs.md)
  - [1.3.4 Costs - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-4-costs-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.5 Revenue - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-5-revenue-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.6 Business Profits & Break-Even Analysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-6-business-profits-and-break-even-analysis.md)
  - [1.3.7 Profits & Losses - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-7-profits-and-losses-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.8 Interest - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-8-interest-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.9 Cash & Cash Flow](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-9-cash-and-cash-flow.md)
  - [1.3.10 Cash & Cash Flow 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-10-cash-and-cash-flow-2.md)
  - [1.3.11 Cash Flow - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-11-cash-flow-calculations.md)
  - [1.3.12 Sources of Business Finance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-12-sources-of-business-finance.md)
  - [1.3.13 End of Topic Test - Business in Practice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-13-end-of-topic-test-business-in-practice.md)
  - [1.3.14 Grade 9 - Business in Practice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-14-grade-9-business-in-practice.md)
  - [1.3.15 Exam-Style Questions - Business in Practice](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-15-exam-style-questions-business-in-practice.md)
  - [1.3.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Profit](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-16-diagnostic-misconceptions-profit.md)
  - [1.3.17 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Company vs Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-17-diagnostic-misconceptions-company-vs-business.md)
  - [1.3.18 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Economies of Scale](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-18-diagnostic-misconceptions-economies-of-scale.md)
  - [1.3.19 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Cash Flow](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-19-diagnostic-misconceptions-cash-flow.md)
  - [1.3.20 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Break-even](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-20-diagnostic-misconceptions-break-even.md)
  - [1.3.21 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Fixed Costs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-3-21-diagnostic-misconceptions-fixed-costs.md)
- 1.4 Making the Business Effective
  - [1.4.1 The Options for Start-Up & Small Businesses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-1-the-options-for-start-up-and-small-businesses.md)
  - [1.4.2 Limited Liability](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-2-limited-liability.md)
  - [1.4.3 Franchising & Not-For-Profits](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-3-franchising-and-not-for-profits.md)
  - [1.4.4 Business Location](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-4-business-location.md)
  - [1.4.5 The Marketing Mix](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-5-the-marketing-mix.md)
  - [1.4.6 Business Plans](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-6-business-plans.md)
  - [1.4.7 End of Topic Test - Effective Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-7-end-of-topic-test-effective-business.md)
  - [1.4.8 Application Questions - Effective Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-8-application-questions-effective-business.md)
  - [1.4.9 Exam-Style Questions - Business Plans](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-4-9-exam-style-questions-business-plans.md)
- 1.5 Business Stakeholders
  - [1.5.1 Business Stakeholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-1-business-stakeholders.md)
  - [1.5.2 Technology & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-2-technology-and-business.md)
  - [1.5.3 Legislation & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-3-legislation-and-business.md)
  - [1.5.4 Legislation & Business 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-4-legislation-and-business-2.md)
  - [1.5.5 The Economy & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-5-the-economy-and-business.md)
  - [1.5.6 External Influences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-6-external-influences.md)
  - [1.5.7 End of Topic Test - Business Stakeholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-7-end-of-topic-test-business-stakeholders.md)
  - [1.5.8 Grade 9 - Business Stakeholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-8-grade-9-business-stakeholders.md)
  - [1.5.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Recessions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/1-5-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-recessions.md)

### 2 Building a Business
- 2.1 Growing the Business
  - [2.1.1 Business Growth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-1-business-growth.md)
  - [2.1.2 Finance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-2-finance.md)
  - [2.1.3 Changes in Business Aims & Globalisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-3-changes-in-business-aims-and-globalisation.md)
  - [2.1.4 Ethics & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-4-ethics-and-business.md)
  - [2.1.5 The Environment & Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-5-the-environment-and-business.md)
  - [2.1.6 End of Topic Test - Growing a Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-6-end-of-topic-test-growing-a-business.md)
  - [2.1.7 Application Questions - Growing a Business](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-7-application-questions-growing-a-business.md)
  - [2.1.8 Exam-Style Questions - Business Growth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-1-8-exam-style-questions-business-growth.md)
- 2.2 Making Marketing Decisions
  - [2.2.1 Product](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-1-product.md)
  - [2.2.2 Product Life Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-2-product-life-cycle.md)
  - [2.2.3 Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-3-price.md)
  - [2.2.4 Pricing Methods](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-4-pricing-methods.md)
  - [2.2.5 End of Topic Test - Product & Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-5-end-of-topic-test-product-and-price.md)
  - [2.2.6 Grade 9  - Product & Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-6-grade-9-product-and-price.md)
  - [2.2.7 Promotion & Advertising](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-7-promotion-and-advertising.md)
  - [2.2.8 PR & Sales Promotions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-8-pr-and-sales-promotions.md)
  - [2.2.9 Sponsorship & Product Placement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-9-sponsorship-and-product-placement.md)
  - [2.2.10 Promotional Mix](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-10-promotional-mix.md)
  - [2.2.11 End of Topic Test - Promotion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-11-end-of-topic-test-promotion.md)
  - [2.2.12 Application Questions - Promotion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-12-application-questions-promotion.md)
  - [2.2.13 Exam-Style Questions - Promotional Mix](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-13-exam-style-questions-promotional-mix.md)
  - [2.2.14 Place & Wholesalers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-14-place-and-wholesalers.md)
  - [2.2.15 Direct to Consumer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-15-direct-to-consumer.md)
  - [2.2.16 E-commerce & M-commerce](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-16-e-commerce-and-m-commerce.md)
  - [2.2.17 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Decreasing Price](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-17-diagnostic-misconceptions-decreasing-price.md)
  - [2.2.18 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Advertise vs Promote](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-18-diagnostic-misconceptions-advertise-vs-promote.md)
  - [2.2.19 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Social Media](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-2-19-diagnostic-misconceptions-social-media.md)
- 2.3 Making Operational Decisions
  - [2.3.1 Job Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-1-job-production.md)
  - [2.3.2 Batch & Flow Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-2-batch-and-flow-production.md)
  - [2.3.3 Working with Suppliers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-3-working-with-suppliers.md)
  - [2.3.4 Effective Supply Chains](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-4-effective-supply-chains.md)
  - [2.3.5 Just In Time & Just In Case](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-5-just-in-time-and-just-in-case.md)
  - [2.3.6 Managing Quality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-6-managing-quality.md)
  - [2.3.7 Total Quality Management](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-7-total-quality-management.md)
  - [2.3.8 The Sales Process](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-8-the-sales-process.md)
  - [2.3.9 End of Topic Test - Operational Decisions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-9-end-of-topic-test-operational-decisions.md)
  - [2.3.10 Grade 9  - Operational Decisions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-10-grade-9-operational-decisions.md)
  - [2.3.11 Exam-Style Questions - Managing Stock](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-11-exam-style-questions-managing-stock.md)
  - [2.3.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - JIT vs JIC](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-3-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-jit-vs-jic.md)
- 2.4 Making Financial Decisions
  - [2.4.1 Gross Profit & Net Profit - Definitions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-1-gross-profit-and-net-profit-definitions.md)
  - [2.4.2 Gross Profit - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-2-gross-profit-calculations.md)
  - [2.4.3 Net Profit - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-3-net-profit-calculations.md)
  - [2.4.4 Rate of Return](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-4-rate-of-return.md)
  - [2.4.5 Rate of Return - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-5-rate-of-return-calculations.md)
  - [2.4.6 Research & Financial Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-6-research-and-financial-data.md)
  - [2.4.7 Marketing Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-7-marketing-data.md)
  - [2.4.8 Percentage Change - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-4-8-percentage-change-calculations.md)
- 2.5 Making Human Resource Decisions
  - [2.5.1 Organisational Structures](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-1-organisational-structures.md)
  - [2.5.2 Organisational Structures 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-2-organisational-structures-2.md)
  - [2.5.3 Recruitment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-3-recruitment.md)
  - [2.5.4 Effective Recruitment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-4-effective-recruitment.md)
  - [2.5.5 Training a Workforce](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-5-training-a-workforce.md)
  - [2.5.6 Motivating a Workforce](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-6-motivating-a-workforce.md)
  - [2.5.7 End of Topic Tests - Human Resources](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-7-end-of-topic-tests-human-resources.md)
  - [2.5.8 Application Questions - Human Resources](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-8-application-questions-human-resources.md)
  - [2.5.9 Exam-Style Questions - Human Resources](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-9-exam-style-questions-human-resources.md)
  - [2.5.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Owners vs Shareholders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-owners-vs-shareholders.md)
  - [2.5.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Internal Recruitment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-internal-recruitment.md)
  - [2.5.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Employee Motivation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/business/edexcel/2-5-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-employee-motivation.md)