Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-8-coronary-heart-disease [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [GCSE](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse.md) › [Biology](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology.md) › [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa.md) › [Higher](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher.md) › Coronary Heart Disease # Coronary Heart Disease Biology: AQA GCSE Higher, topic 2.4.8 ## Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease is a non-communicable disease. This means that it cannot be transmitted from one organism to another. ### What happens when you have coronary heart disease? ![What happens when you have coronary heart disease?](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/biology/2.3.1%20-%20Blood%20vessels/bloodclot-min.jpg) - The coronary arteries narrow because of a build-up of fatty deposits. - This reduces blood flow and leads to a lack of oxygen being supplied to the heart muscle. ### Analogy: a tunnel ![Analogy: a tunnel](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-08/54c1d22f-2f2f-4126-b662-21b3d065f416/tunnel-336543_1280.jpg) - Imagine people carrying wood to a fire through a tunnel. - If the tunnel narrows, fewer people can fit through the tunnel. - This means that the fire will start to die out as less wood can reach it. ## Test yourself on Coronary Heart Disease - Why can a person not catch coronary heart disease from someone who already has it? - Why does narrowing of the coronary arteries lead to less oxygen reaching the heart muscle? - In the tunnel analogy for coronary heart disease, what does the narrowing tunnel represent? - In the tunnel analogy for coronary heart disease, why does the fire start to die out when the tunnel narrows? - In the tunnel analogy for coronary heart disease, what does the wood represent? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/6b76a6e0-cf79-11e7-83a9-29a486db2c9f/section/a9a781d0-d51b-11e7-a3a5-d92be72aa0f2/session) - Previous topic: [2.4.7 Risk Factor Graphs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-7-risk-factor-graphs.md) - Next topic: [2.4.9 Heart Valve Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-9-heart-valve-disease.md) ## Biology: AQA GCSE Higher contents ### 1 Cell Biology - 1.1 What's in Cells? - [1.1.1 Types of Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-1-types-of-cells.md) - [1.1.2 Properties of Prokaryotes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-2-properties-of-prokaryotes.md) - [1.1.3 Orders of Magnitude](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-3-orders-of-magnitude.md) - [1.1.4 Standard Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-4-standard-form.md) - [1.1.5 Standard Form - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-5-standard-form-calculations.md) - [1.1.6 Addition in Standard Form - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-6-addition-in-standard-form-calculations.md) - [1.1.7 Subtraction in Standard Form - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-7-subtraction-in-standard-form-calculations.md) - [1.1.8 Multiplication in Standard Form - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-8-multiplication-in-standard-form-calculations.md) - [1.1.9 Division in Standard Form - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-9-division-in-standard-form-calculations.md) - [1.1.10 Animal Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-10-animal-cells.md) - [1.1.11 Plant Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-11-plant-cells.md) - [1.1.12 Differentiation in Plants & Animals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-12-differentiation-in-plants-and-animals.md) - [1.1.13 Bacterial Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-13-bacterial-cells.md) - [1.1.14 Types of Cells HyperLearning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-14-types-of-cells-hyperlearning.md) - [1.1.15 Cell Specialisation in Animals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-15-cell-specialisation-in-animals.md) - [1.1.16 Sperm Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-16-sperm-cells.md) - [1.1.17 Nerve Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-17-nerve-cells.md) - [1.1.18 Muscle Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-18-muscle-cells.md) - [1.1.19 Cell Specialisation in Plants - Root Hair Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-19-cell-specialisation-in-plants-root-hair-cells.md) - [1.1.20 Cell Specialisation in Plants - Xylem](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-20-cell-specialisation-in-plants-xylem.md) - [1.1.21 Cell Specialisation in Plants - Phloem](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-21-cell-specialisation-in-plants-phloem.md) - [1.1.22 Microscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-22-microscopy.md) - [1.1.23 Magnification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-23-magnification.md) - [1.1.24 Developments in Microscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-24-developments-in-microscopy.md) - [1.1.25 Required Practical - Microscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-25-required-practical-microscopy.md) - [1.1.26 Microscopy - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-26-microscopy-calculations.md) - [1.1.27 Culturing Microorganisms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-27-culturing-microorganisms.md) - [1.1.28 Contamination](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-28-contamination.md) - [1.1.29 Avoiding Contamination](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-29-avoiding-contamination.md) - [1.1.30 Calculating Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-30-calculating-bacteria.md) - [1.1.31 Calculating Bacteria - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-31-calculating-bacteria-calculations.md) - [1.1.32 Required Practical - Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-32-required-practical-bacteria.md) - [1.1.33 Exam-Style Questions - Cell Structure & Microscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-33-exam-style-questions-cell-structure-and-microscopy.md) - [1.1.34 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-34-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting.md) - [1.1.35 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Animal Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-35-diagnostic-misconceptions-animal-cells.md) - [1.1.36 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Mitochondria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-36-diagnostic-misconceptions-mitochondria.md) - [1.1.37 End of Topic Test - What's in Cells?](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-1-37-end-of-topic-test-whats-in-cells.md) - 1.2 Cell Division - [1.2.1 Chromosomes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-1-chromosomes.md) - [1.2.2 The Cell Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-2-the-cell-cycle.md) - [1.2.3 Mitosis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-3-mitosis.md) - [1.2.4 Stem Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-4-stem-cells.md) - [1.2.5 Use of Stem Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-5-use-of-stem-cells.md) - [1.2.6 Disadvantages of Stem Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-6-disadvantages-of-stem-cells.md) - [1.2.7 Exam-Style Questions - Mitosis & Cell Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-7-exam-style-questions-mitosis-and-cell-cycle.md) - [1.2.8 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Mitosis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-mitosis.md) - 1.3 Transport in Cells - [1.3.1 Diffusion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-1-diffusion.md) - [1.3.2 Factors Affecting Diffusion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-2-factors-affecting-diffusion.md) - [1.3.3 Surface Area : Volume](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-3-surface-area-volume.md) - [1.3.4 Surface Area : Volume - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-4-surface-area-volume-calculations.md) - [1.3.5 Exchange Surfaces](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-5-exchange-surfaces.md) - [1.3.6 Examples of Exchange Surfaces](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-6-examples-of-exchange-surfaces.md) - [1.3.7 Osmosis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-7-osmosis.md) - [1.3.8 Osmosis 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-8-osmosis-2.md) - [1.3.9 Required Practical - Osmosis in Plant Tissue](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-9-required-practical-osmosis-in-plant-tissue.md) - [1.3.10 Active Transport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-10-active-transport.md) - [1.3.11 Transport in Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-11-transport-in-cells.md) - [1.3.12 Grade 9 - Cell Transport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-12-grade-9-cell-transport.md) - [1.3.13 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Water Moving](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-13-diagnostic-misconceptions-water-moving.md) - [1.3.14 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Active Transport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-active-transport.md) - [1.3.15 End of Topic Test - Cell Division & Transport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/1-3-15-end-of-topic-test-cell-division-and-transport.md) ### 2 Organisation - 2.1 Principles of Organisation - [2.1.1 Cells & Tissues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-1-1-cells-and-tissues.md) - [2.1.2 Organs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-1-2-organs.md) - [2.1.3 Organ Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-1-3-organ-systems.md) - [2.1.4 Organisms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-1-4-organisms.md) - 2.2 Enzymes - [2.2.1 Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-1-enzymes.md) - [2.2.2 Enzymes HyperFlashcards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-2-enzymes-hyperflashcards.md) - [2.2.3 Rate of Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-3-rate-of-reaction.md) - [2.2.4 Calculating Rate of Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-4-calculating-rate-of-reaction.md) - [2.2.5 Rate of Reaction - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-5-rate-of-reaction-calculations.md) - [2.2.6 Digestion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-6-digestion.md) - [2.2.7 Bile](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-7-bile.md) - [2.2.8 Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Amylase](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-8-examples-of-digestive-enzymes-amylase.md) - [2.2.9 Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Protease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-9-examples-of-digestive-enzymes-protease.md) - [2.2.10 Examples of Digestive Enzymes - Lipase](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-10-examples-of-digestive-enzymes-lipase.md) - [2.2.11 Testing for Biological Molecules](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-11-testing-for-biological-molecules.md) - [2.2.12 Required Practical - Testing for Food Chemicals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-12-required-practical-testing-for-food-chemicals.md) - [2.2.13 Required Practical - Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-13-required-practical-enzymes.md) - [2.2.14 Grade 9 - Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-14-grade-9-enzymes.md) - [2.2.15 Exam-Style Questions - Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-15-exam-style-questions-enzymes.md) - [2.2.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - High Temperatures](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-16-diagnostic-misconceptions-high-temperatures.md) - [2.2.17 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Low Temperatures](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-17-diagnostic-misconceptions-low-temperatures.md) - [2.2.18 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stomach Acid](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-18-diagnostic-misconceptions-stomach-acid.md) - [2.2.19 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Substrate Shape](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-19-diagnostic-misconceptions-substrate-shape.md) - [2.2.20 End of Topic Test - Organisation & Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-2-20-end-of-topic-test-organisation-and-enzymes.md) - 2.3 Circulatory System - [2.3.1 Types of Blood Vessels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-1-types-of-blood-vessels.md) - [2.3.2 Blood Vessels - Arteries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-2-blood-vessels-arteries.md) - [2.3.3 Blood Vessels - Capillaries](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-3-blood-vessels-capillaries.md) - [2.3.4 Blood Vessels - Veins](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-4-blood-vessels-veins.md) - [2.3.5 The Heart - Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-5-the-heart-structure.md) - [2.3.6 The Heart - Function](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-6-the-heart-function.md) - [2.3.7 Important Blood Vessels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-7-important-blood-vessels.md) - [2.3.8 Double Circulatory System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-8-double-circulatory-system.md) - [2.3.9 Gas Exchange](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-9-gas-exchange.md) - [2.3.10 Gas Exchange - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-10-gas-exchange-calculations.md) - [2.3.11 Alveoli](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-11-alveoli.md) - [2.3.12 Blood Components](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-12-blood-components.md) - [2.3.13 Platelets](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-13-platelets.md) - [2.3.14 Red Blood Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-14-red-blood-cells.md) - [2.3.15 White Blood Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-15-white-blood-cells.md) - [2.3.16 End of Topic Test - Circulatory System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-3-16-end-of-topic-test-circulatory-system.md) - 2.4 Non-Communicable Diseases - [2.4.1 Health Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-1-health-issues.md) - [2.4.2 Disease Interactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-2-disease-interactions.md) - [2.4.3 Sampling](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-3-sampling.md) - [2.4.4 Sampling - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-4-sampling-calculations.md) - [2.4.5 Risk Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-5-risk-factors.md) - [2.4.6 Examples of Risk Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-6-examples-of-risk-factors.md) - [2.4.7 Risk Factor Graphs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-7-risk-factor-graphs.md) - [2.4.8 Coronary Heart Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-8-coronary-heart-disease.md) - [2.4.9 Heart Valve Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-9-heart-valve-disease.md) - [2.4.10 Heart Failure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-10-heart-failure.md) - [2.4.11 Treating Heart Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-11-treating-heart-disease.md) - [2.4.12 Comparing Treatments of Heart Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-12-comparing-treatments-of-heart-disease.md) - [2.4.13 Cancer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-13-cancer.md) - [2.4.14 Cancer Risk Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-14-cancer-risk-factors.md) - [2.4.15 End of Topic Test - Non-Communicable Diseases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-15-end-of-topic-test-non-communicable-diseases.md) - [2.4.16 Exam-Style Questions - Coronary Heart Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-4-16-exam-style-questions-coronary-heart-disease.md) - 2.5 Plant Tissues, Organs & Systems - [2.5.1 Plant Organs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-1-plant-organs.md) - [2.5.2 Leaves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-2-leaves.md) - [2.5.3 Transpiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-3-transpiration.md) - [2.5.4 Rate of Transpiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-4-rate-of-transpiration.md) - [2.5.5 Measuring Transpiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-5-measuring-transpiration.md) - [2.5.6 Translocation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-6-translocation.md) - [2.5.7 Transpiration Tissues - Xylem Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-7-transpiration-tissues-xylem-cells.md) - [2.5.8 Transpiration Tissues - Root Hair Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-8-transpiration-tissues-root-hair-cells.md) - [2.5.9 Stomata](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-9-stomata.md) - [2.5.10 States of Stomata](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-10-states-of-stomata.md) - [2.5.11 Premium Knowledge - Transpiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-11-premium-knowledge-transpiration.md) - [2.5.12 End of Topic Test - Plants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-12-end-of-topic-test-plants.md) - [2.5.13 Exam-Style Questions - Plant Tissues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-13-exam-style-questions-plant-tissues.md) - [2.5.14 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Plant Food](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-plant-food.md) - [2.5.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Plants & Water](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-15-diagnostic-misconceptions-plants-and-water.md) - [2.5.16 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Plants Don't Breathe](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/2-5-16-diagnostic-misconceptions-plants-dont-breathe.md) ### 3 Infection & Response - 3.1 Communicable Disease - [3.1.1 Spreading Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-1-spreading-disease.md) - [3.1.2 Causing Diseases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-2-causing-diseases.md) - [3.1.3 Preventing Infection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-3-preventing-infection.md) - [3.1.4 Communicable Disease - Viruses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-4-communicable-disease-viruses.md) - [3.1.5 Examples of Viruses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-5-examples-of-viruses.md) - [3.1.6 Communicable Disease - Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-6-communicable-disease-bacteria.md) - [3.1.7 Communicable Disease - Fungi](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-7-communicable-disease-fungi.md) - [3.1.8 Communicable Disease - Protists](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-8-communicable-disease-protists.md) - [3.1.9 Human Defence Systems - Non-Specific Defences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-9-human-defence-systems-non-specific-defences.md) - [3.1.10 Human Defence Systems - Immune Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-10-human-defence-systems-immune-systems.md) - [3.1.11 Antibodies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-11-antibodies.md) - [3.1.12 Vaccinations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-12-vaccinations.md) - [3.1.13 The Immune System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-13-the-immune-system.md) - [3.1.14 The Immune System 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-14-the-immune-system-2.md) - [3.1.15 Antibiotics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-15-antibiotics.md) - [3.1.16 Antibiotic Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-16-antibiotic-resistance.md) - [3.1.17 Antibiotic Resistance 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-17-antibiotic-resistance-2.md) - [3.1.18 Drug Discovery](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-18-drug-discovery.md) - [3.1.19 Developing New Drugs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-19-developing-new-drugs.md) - [3.1.20 Drug Testing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-20-drug-testing.md) - [3.1.21 Drug Testing in Laboratories](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-21-drug-testing-in-laboratories.md) - [3.1.22 Double-Blind Trials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-22-double-blind-trials.md) - [3.1.23 Drug Testing / Efficacy - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-23-drug-testing-efficacy-calculations.md) - [3.1.24 End of Topic Test - Communicable Diseases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-24-end-of-topic-test-communicable-diseases.md) - [3.1.25 Exam-Style Questions - Microorganisms & Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-25-exam-style-questions-microorganisms-and-disease.md) - [3.1.26 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Antibiotics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-1-26-diagnostic-misconceptions-antibiotics.md) - 3.2 Monoclonal Antibodies - [3.2.1 Monoclonal Antibodies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-2-1-monoclonal-antibodies.md) - [3.2.2 Producing Monoclonal Antibodies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-2-2-producing-monoclonal-antibodies.md) - [3.2.3 Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-2-3-uses-of-monoclonal-antibodies.md) - [3.2.4 Grade 9 - Monoclonal Antibodies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-2-4-grade-9-monoclonal-antibodies.md) - 3.3 Plant Diseases - [3.3.1 Ion Deficiencies in Plants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-3-1-ion-deficiencies-in-plants.md) - [3.3.2 Plant Defences](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-3-2-plant-defences.md) - [3.3.3 Signs of Plant Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-3-3-signs-of-plant-disease.md) - [3.3.4 Identifying Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-3-4-identifying-disease.md) - [3.3.5 Other Plant Diseases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-3-5-other-plant-diseases.md) - [3.3.6 End of Topic Test - Antibodies & Plant Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/3-3-6-end-of-topic-test-antibodies-and-plant-disease.md) ### 4 Bioenergetics - 4.1 Photosynthesis - [4.1.1 Photosynthesis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-1-photosynthesis.md) - [4.1.2 Photosynthesis Equation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-2-photosynthesis-equation.md) - [4.1.3 Rate of Photosynthesis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-3-rate-of-photosynthesis.md) - [4.1.4 Limiting Factors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-4-limiting-factors.md) - [4.1.5 Photosynthesis in Farming](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-5-photosynthesis-in-farming.md) - [4.1.6 Uses of Glucose](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-6-uses-of-glucose.md) - [4.1.7 Photosynthesis - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-7-photosynthesis-calculations.md) - [4.1.8 Required Practical - Light Intensity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-8-required-practical-light-intensity.md) - [4.1.9 Grade 9 - Photosynthesis Experiment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-9-grade-9-photosynthesis-experiment.md) - [4.1.10 Exam-Style Questions - Rate of Photosynthesis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-10-exam-style-questions-rate-of-photosynthesis.md) - [4.1.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Photosynthesis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-photosynthesis.md) - [4.1.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Plants Respiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-1-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-plants-respiration.md) - 4.2 Respiration - [4.2.1 Organisms and Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-1-organisms-and-energy.md) - [4.2.2 Respiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-2-respiration.md) - [4.2.3 Metabolism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-3-metabolism.md) - [4.2.4 Respiration - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-4-respiration-calculations.md) - [4.2.5 Respiration During Exercise](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-5-respiration-during-exercise.md) - [4.2.6 Oxygen Debt](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-6-oxygen-debt.md) - [4.2.7 Respiration HyperLearning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-7-respiration-hyperlearning.md) - [4.2.8 End of Topic Test - Photosynthesis and Respiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-8-end-of-topic-test-photosynthesis-and-respiration.md) - [4.2.9 Exam-Style Questions - Anaerobic Respiration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/4-2-9-exam-style-questions-anaerobic-respiration.md) ### 5 Homeostasis & Response - 5.1 Homeostasis - [5.1.1 Homeostasis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-1-1-homeostasis.md) - [5.1.2 Regulating Internal Conditions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-1-2-regulating-internal-conditions.md) - [5.1.3 Homeostasis & Negative Feedback](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-1-3-homeostasis-and-negative-feedback.md) - [5.1.4 The Body's Negative Feedback Loop](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-1-4-the-bodys-negative-feedback-loop.md) - [5.1.5 Exam-Style Questions - Exercise & Homeostasis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-1-5-exam-style-questions-exercise-and-homeostasis.md) - 5.2 The Human Nervous System - [5.2.1 The Nervous System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-1-the-nervous-system.md) - [5.2.2 The Nervous System HyperFlashcards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-2-the-nervous-system-hyperflashcards.md) - [5.2.3 Synapses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-3-synapses.md) - [5.2.4 Reflexes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-4-reflexes.md) - [5.2.5 Components of a Reflex Arc](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-5-components-of-a-reflex-arc.md) - [5.2.6 Required Practical - Human Reaction Times](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-6-required-practical-human-reaction-times.md) - [5.2.7 The Brain](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-7-the-brain.md) - [5.2.8 Parts of the Brain](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-8-parts-of-the-brain.md) - [5.2.9 The Brain: Neuro Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-9-the-brain-neuro-techniques.md) - [5.2.10 Retina Scanning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-10-retina-scanning.md) - [5.2.11 Eye Anatomy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-11-eye-anatomy.md) - [5.2.12 Eye Function - Focus](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-12-eye-function-focus.md) - [5.2.13 Eye Function - Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-13-eye-function-light.md) - [5.2.14 Eye Defects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-14-eye-defects.md) - [5.2.15 Thermoregulation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-15-thermoregulation.md) - [5.2.16 Hot & Cold](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-16-hot-and-cold.md) - [5.2.17 Thermoregulation - Sweating & Shivering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-17-thermoregulation-sweating-and-shivering.md) - [5.2.18 Thermoregulation - Body Hair](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-18-thermoregulation-body-hair.md) - [5.2.19 Thermoregulation - Blood Vessels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-19-thermoregulation-blood-vessels.md) - [5.2.20 Body Temperature HyperLearning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-20-body-temperature-hyperlearning.md) - [5.2.21 End of Topic Test - Human Nervous System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-21-end-of-topic-test-human-nervous-system.md) - [5.2.22 Exam-Style Questions - Nervous System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-22-exam-style-questions-nervous-system.md) - [5.2.23 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Nervous System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-2-23-diagnostic-misconceptions-nervous-system.md) - 5.3 Hormonal Coordination in Humans - [5.3.1 Endocrine Glands](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-1-endocrine-glands.md) - [5.3.2 The Endocrine System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-2-the-endocrine-system.md) - [5.3.3 Thyroxine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-3-thyroxine.md) - [5.3.4 Adrenaline](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-4-adrenaline.md) - [5.3.5 Blood Glucose](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-5-blood-glucose.md) - [5.3.6 Detecting Glucose](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-6-detecting-glucose.md) - [5.3.7 Diabetes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-7-diabetes.md) - [5.3.8 Type 1 Diabetes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-8-type-1-diabetes.md) - [5.3.9 Type 2 Diabetes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-9-type-2-diabetes.md) - [5.3.10 Water Balance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-10-water-balance.md) - [5.3.11 Kidneys](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-11-kidneys.md) - [5.3.12 Urea](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-12-urea.md) - [5.3.13 Urine Production](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-13-urine-production.md) - [5.3.14 Urine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-14-urine.md) - [5.3.15 Dialysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-15-dialysis.md) - [5.3.16 Dialysis - Pros & Cons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-16-dialysis-pros-and-cons.md) - [5.3.17 Transplants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-17-transplants.md) - [5.3.18 Transplants - Pros & Cons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-18-transplants-pros-and-cons.md) - [5.3.19 Puberty](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-19-puberty.md) - [5.3.20 Menstruation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-20-menstruation.md) - [5.3.21 Menstrual Hormones](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-21-menstrual-hormones.md) - [5.3.22 Menstrual Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-22-menstrual-cycle.md) - [5.3.23 Contraception - 'Natural Methods'](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-23-contraception-natural-methods.md) - [5.3.24 Contraception - Sterilisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-24-contraception-sterilisation.md) - [5.3.25 Contraception - Condoms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-25-contraception-condoms.md) - [5.3.26 Contraception - The Pill](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-26-contraception-the-pill.md) - [5.3.27 Contraception - Diaphragm & IUDs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-27-contraception-diaphragm-and-iuds.md) - [5.3.28 Contraception - Other Options](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-28-contraception-other-options.md) - [5.3.29 Hormones for Infertility](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-29-hormones-for-infertility.md) - [5.3.30 In Vitro Fertilisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-30-in-vitro-fertilisation.md) - [5.3.31 Fertility Treatments - Pros & Cons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-31-fertility-treatments-pros-and-cons.md) - [5.3.32 End of Topic Test - Homeostasis & Hormones](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-32-end-of-topic-test-homeostasis-and-hormones.md) - [5.3.33 Grade 9 - Hormonal Coordination](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-33-grade-9-hormonal-coordination.md) - [5.3.34 Exam-Style Questions - Hormones & Contraception](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-3-34-exam-style-questions-hormones-and-contraception.md) - 5.4 Plant Hormones - [5.4.1 Plant Hormones](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-4-1-plant-hormones.md) - [5.4.2 Types of Tropisms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-4-2-types-of-tropisms.md) - [5.4.3 Auxins & Tropisms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-4-3-auxins-and-tropisms.md) - [5.4.4 Effect of Light on Seedlings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-4-4-effect-of-light-on-seedlings.md) - [5.4.5 Required Practical - Light or Gravity on Seedlings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-4-5-required-practical-light-or-gravity-on-seedlings.md) - [5.4.6 Uses of Plant Hormones](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-4-6-uses-of-plant-hormones.md) - [5.4.7 End of Topic Test - Hormones](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/5-4-7-end-of-topic-test-hormones.md) ### 6 Inheritance, Variation & Evolution - 6.1 Reproduction - [6.1.1 Cell Division](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-1-cell-division.md) - [6.1.2 Meiosis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-2-meiosis.md) - [6.1.3 Sexual Reproduction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-3-sexual-reproduction.md) - [6.1.4 Asexual Reproduction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-4-asexual-reproduction.md) - [6.1.5 Sexual Reproduction Advantages](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-5-sexual-reproduction-advantages.md) - [6.1.6 Asexual Reproduction Advantages](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-6-asexual-reproduction-advantages.md) - [6.1.7 Genome](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-7-genome.md) - [6.1.8 Genome - Diagram](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-8-genome-diagram.md) - [6.1.9 Genome Sequencing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-9-genome-sequencing.md) - [6.1.10 Nucleotide](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-10-nucleotide.md) - [6.1.11 DNA Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-11-dna-structure.md) - [6.1.12 Protein Synthesis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-12-protein-synthesis.md) - [6.1.13 Protein Synthesis 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-13-protein-synthesis-2.md) - [6.1.14 Mutations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-14-mutations.md) - [6.1.15 Alleles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-15-alleles.md) - [6.1.16 Genotype vs Phenotype](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-16-genotype-vs-phenotype.md) - [6.1.17 Punnett Squares](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-17-punnett-squares.md) - [6.1.18 Punnett Squares 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-18-punnett-squares-2.md) - [6.1.19 Inherited Disorders](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-19-inherited-disorders.md) - [6.1.20 Cystic Fibrosis Punnett Square](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-20-cystic-fibrosis-punnett-square.md) - [6.1.21 Family Trees](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-21-family-trees.md) - [6.1.22 Polydactyly](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-22-polydactyly.md) - [6.1.23 Genetic Crosses - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-23-genetic-crosses-calculations.md) - [6.1.24 Genome Screening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-24-genome-screening.md) - [6.1.25 Disadvantages of Embryonic Screening](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-25-disadvantages-of-embryonic-screening.md) - [6.1.26 Sex Determination](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-26-sex-determination.md) - [6.1.27 End of Topic Test - Reproduction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-27-end-of-topic-test-reproduction.md) - [6.1.28 Exam-Style Questions - DNA & Genetics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-28-exam-style-questions-dna-and-genetics.md) - [6.1.29 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Mutations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-29-diagnostic-misconceptions-mutations.md) - [6.1.30 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Chromosomes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-30-diagnostic-misconceptions-chromosomes.md) - [6.1.31 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Genes & Alleles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-1-31-diagnostic-misconceptions-genes-and-alleles.md) - 6.2 Variation & Evolution - [6.2.1 Variation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-1-variation.md) - [6.2.2 Evolution & Speciation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-2-evolution-and-speciation.md) - [6.2.3 Natural Selection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-3-natural-selection.md) - [6.2.4 Selective Breeding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-4-selective-breeding.md) - [6.2.5 Selective Breeding 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-5-selective-breeding-2.md) - [6.2.6 Uses of Selective Breeding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-6-uses-of-selective-breeding.md) - [6.2.7 Dangers of Selective Breeding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-7-dangers-of-selective-breeding.md) - [6.2.8 Genetic Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-8-genetic-engineering.md) - [6.2.9 Genetic Engineering 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-9-genetic-engineering-2.md) - [6.2.10 Uses of Genetic Modification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-10-uses-of-genetic-modification.md) - [6.2.11 Advantages of Genetic Modification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-11-advantages-of-genetic-modification.md) - [6.2.12 Disadvantages of Genetic Modification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-12-disadvantages-of-genetic-modification.md) - [6.2.13 Cloning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-13-cloning.md) - [6.2.14 Cloning Plants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-14-cloning-plants.md) - [6.2.15 Cloning Animals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-15-cloning-animals.md) - [6.2.16 Adult Cell Cloning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-16-adult-cell-cloning.md) - [6.2.17 End of Topic Test - Variation & Evolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-17-end-of-topic-test-variation-and-evolution.md) - [6.2.18 Exam-Style Questions - Selective Breeding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-2-18-exam-style-questions-selective-breeding.md) - 6.3 Genetics & Evolution - [6.3.1 Natural Selection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-1-natural-selection.md) - [6.3.2 Controversy Around Natural Selection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-2-controversy-around-natural-selection.md) - [6.3.3 Darwin's Theory of Evolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-3-darwins-theory-of-evolution.md) - [6.3.4 Inheritance Theory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-4-inheritance-theory.md) - [6.3.5 Speciation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-5-speciation.md) - [6.3.6 Alfred Russel Wallace](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-6-alfred-russel-wallace.md) - [6.3.7 Evidence for Evolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-7-evidence-for-evolution.md) - [6.3.8 Fossils](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-8-fossils.md) - [6.3.9 Resistant Bacteria](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-9-resistant-bacteria.md) - [6.3.10 Genetics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-10-genetics.md) - [6.3.11 Extinctions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-11-extinctions.md) - [6.3.12 Grade 9 - Evolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-12-grade-9-evolution.md) - [6.3.13 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Natural Selection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-3-13-diagnostic-misconceptions-natural-selection.md) - 6.4 Classification - [6.4.1 Classification of Living Organisms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-4-1-classification-of-living-organisms.md) - [6.4.2 Traditional System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-4-2-traditional-system.md) - [6.4.3 Classification of Living Organisms: Updated System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-4-3-classification-of-living-organisms-updated-system.md) - [6.4.4 Evolutionary Trees](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-4-4-evolutionary-trees.md) - [6.4.5 End of Topic Test - Genetics & Classification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/6-4-5-end-of-topic-test-genetics-and-classification.md) ### 7 Ecology - 7.1 Adaptations & Interdependence - [7.1.1 Communities: Ecosystems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-1-1-communities-ecosystems.md) - [7.1.2 Communities: Resources](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-1-2-communities-resources.md) - [7.1.3 Species Interdependence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-1-3-species-interdependence.md) - [7.1.4 Stable Communities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-1-4-stable-communities.md) - 7.2 Organisation of Ecosystems - [7.2.1 Population Dynamics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-1-population-dynamics.md) - [7.2.2 Predator-Prey Graphs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-2-predator-prey-graphs.md) - [7.2.3 Impact of Environmental Change](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-3-impact-of-environmental-change.md) - [7.2.4 Causes of Environmental Change](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-4-causes-of-environmental-change.md) - [7.2.5 Assessing Ecosystems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-5-assessing-ecosystems.md) - [7.2.6 Organism Abundance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-6-organism-abundance.md) - [7.2.7 Required Practical - Population Size](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-7-required-practical-population-size.md) - [7.2.8 Assessing Ecosystems - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-8-assessing-ecosystems-calculations.md) - [7.2.9 The Carbon Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-9-the-carbon-cycle.md) - [7.2.10 The Water Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-10-the-water-cycle.md) - [7.2.11 The Cycling of Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-11-the-cycling-of-materials.md) - [7.2.12 Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-12-decay.md) - [7.2.13 Anaerobic Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-13-anaerobic-decay.md) - [7.2.14 Biogas Generators](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-14-biogas-generators.md) - [7.2.15 Required Practical - Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-15-required-practical-decay.md) - [7.2.16 End of Topic Test - Organisation of Ecosystems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-16-end-of-topic-test-organisation-of-ecosystems.md) - [7.2.17 Grade 9 - Ecosystems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-17-grade-9-ecosystems.md) - [7.2.18 Exam-Style Questions - Decomposition](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-2-18-exam-style-questions-decomposition.md) - 7.3 Biodiversity - [7.3.1 Humans & Biodiversity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-1-humans-and-biodiversity.md) - [7.3.2 Waste Management](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-2-waste-management.md) - [7.3.3 Human Activities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-3-human-activities.md) - [7.3.4 Land Use](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-4-land-use.md) - [7.3.5 Deforestation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-5-deforestation.md) - [7.3.6 Carbon Dioxide](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-6-carbon-dioxide.md) - [7.3.7 The Greenhouse Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-7-the-greenhouse-effect.md) - [7.3.8 Global Warming](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-8-global-warming.md) - [7.3.9 Maintaining Biodiversity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-9-maintaining-biodiversity.md) - [7.3.10 End of Topic Test - Adaptations & Biodiversity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-3-10-end-of-topic-test-adaptations-and-biodiversity.md) - 7.4 Trophic Levels - [7.4.1 Trophic Levels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-1-trophic-levels.md) - [7.4.2 Trophic Levels: Food Chains](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-2-trophic-levels-food-chains.md) - [7.4.3 Trophic Levels: Decomposers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-3-trophic-levels-decomposers.md) - [7.4.4 Pyramids of Biomass](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-4-pyramids-of-biomass.md) - [7.4.5 Transfer Efficiency](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-5-transfer-efficiency.md) - [7.4.6 Reasons for Energy Wastage](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-6-reasons-for-energy-wastage.md) - [7.4.7 Transfer Efficiency - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-7-transfer-efficiency-calculations.md) - [7.4.8 Premium Knowledge - Trophic Levels & Food Chains](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-8-premium-knowledge-trophic-levels-and-food-chains.md) - [7.4.9 Exam-Style Questions - Food Chains](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-9-exam-style-questions-food-chains.md) - [7.4.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Arrows](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-4-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-arrows.md) - 7.5 Food Production - [7.5.1 Food Security](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-5-1-food-security.md) - [7.5.2 Food Production: Biotechnology](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-5-2-food-production-biotechnology.md) - [7.5.3 Declining Fish Stock](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-5-3-declining-fish-stock.md) - [7.5.4 Sustainable Fishing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-5-4-sustainable-fishing.md) - [7.5.5 Farming](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-5-5-farming.md) - [7.5.6 Food Production - Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-5-6-food-production-calculations.md) - [7.5.7 End of Topic Test - Food & Trophic Levels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/gcse/biology/aqa/higher/7-5-7-end-of-topic-test-food-and-trophic-levels.md)