Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-6-domestic-uses-of-electricity

[Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [BTEC](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec.md) › [Science](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science.md) › [Applied Science: BTEC Level 3](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3.md) › Domestic Uses of Electricity

# Domestic Uses of Electricity

Applied Science: BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma, topic 3.7.6

## Power Rating of Appliances

Appliances in the EU have a label or panel that tells you what the power rating of the appliance is.

### Power label

![Power label](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/4.3.4%20Electric%20Safety/power-label%20-%20Edited-min.jpg)

- This power label can be used to calculate the current required by the appliance using the equation: 
 - power = potential difference x current.
 - power = current 2 x resistance.
- 230 V is the potential difference across the mains power supply in the UK.

### Work done per second

![Work done per second](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA%20New%20Modules/4.1.11/powerlamp.jpg)

- We can work out how much energy an appliance transfers using the power rating and the equation:
 - energy transferred = power x time.
 - energy transferred = charge x potential difference.
- For example, a 100W lamp will use 100J of energy each second.

## National Grid

The National Grid is the network of cables and transformers that connect power stations with houses and shops in the United Kingdom.

### Power stations

![Power stations](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA%20New%20Modules/4.1.10/power_station.jpg)

- Power stations create an electric current, which is an energy carrier. 
 - Large power stations are more efficient than smaller power stations because they can burn lots of fuel at very high temperatures. This creates very hot steam that can turn the turbines. 
 - Steam turbines are more efficient at higher temperatures. 
- Power stations produce electricity at a voltage of 25,000 Volts.

### Step-up transformers

![Step-up transformers](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA%20New%20Modules/4.1.10/step_up.jpg)

- Step-up transformers then increase the potential difference to 400,000 Volts. 
 - This reduces the current and this reduces how much heat is lost when it’s being transported across the country. 
 - This increases the efficiency of the National Grid system.

### Step-down transformers and our homes

![Step-down transformers and our homes](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/AQA%20New%20Modules/4.1.10/stepdown.jpg)

- To get electricity to a safer voltage (230 Volts) in our homes, step-down transformers reduce the voltage to a lower value.

## Test yourself on Domestic Uses of Electricity

- What is the potential difference across the mains power supply in the UK?
- Potential difference in the National Grid
- Which of these are part of the National Grid?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/83e90d6d-8d3e-4e59-a2df-b5a5e1957f6c/section/bd11bf4a-f8a7-46c0-b005-758c4e803af8/session)

- Previous topic: [3.7.5 Ohm's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-5-ohms-law.md)
- Next topic: [3.7.7 Fuses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-7-fuses.md)

## Applied Science: BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma contents

### 1 Principles of Science I
- 1.1 Structure & Bonding
  - [1.1.1 Atomic Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-1-atomic-model.md)
  - [1.1.2 Electron Shells, Sub-Shells & Orbitals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-2-electron-shells-sub-shells-and-orbitals.md)
  - [1.1.3 Ionic Bonding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-3-ionic-bonding.md)
  - [1.1.4 Representing Ionic Bonds](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-4-representing-ionic-bonds.md)
  - [1.1.5 Covalent Bonding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-5-covalent-bonding.md)
  - [1.1.6 Representing Covalent Bonds](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-6-representing-covalent-bonds.md)
  - [1.1.7 Metallic Bonding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-7-metallic-bonding.md)
  - [1.1.8 Intermolecular Forces](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-8-intermolecular-forces.md)
  - [1.1.9 Intermolecular Forces 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-9-intermolecular-forces-2.md)
  - [1.1.10 End of Topic Test - Bonding](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-10-end-of-topic-test-bonding.md)
  - [1.1.11 Relative Masses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-11-relative-masses.md)
  - [1.1.12 The Mole](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-12-the-mole.md)
  - [1.1.13 Molar Calculations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-13-molar-calculations.md)
  - [1.1.14 Molar Calculations 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-14-molar-calculations-2.md)
  - [1.1.15 Empirical & Molecular Formulae](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-15-empirical-and-molecular-formulae.md)
  - [1.1.16 Balanced Equations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-16-balanced-equations.md)
  - [1.1.17 Percentage Yield](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-17-percentage-yield.md)
  - [1.1.18 End of Topic Test - Amount of Substance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-1-18-end-of-topic-test-amount-of-substance.md)
- 1.2 Properties of Substances
  - [1.2.1 The Periodic Table](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-1-the-periodic-table.md)
  - [1.2.2 Ionisation Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-2-ionisation-energy.md)
  - [1.2.3 Factors Affecting Ionisation Energies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-3-factors-affecting-ionisation-energies.md)
  - [1.2.4 Trends of Ionisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-4-trends-of-ionisation.md)
  - [1.2.5 Trends in the Periodic Table](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-5-trends-in-the-periodic-table.md)
  - [1.2.6 Polarity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-6-polarity.md)
  - [1.2.7 Metals & Non-Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-7-metals-and-non-metals.md)
  - [1.2.8 Alkali Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-8-alkali-metals.md)
  - [1.2.9 Alkaline Earth Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-9-alkaline-earth-metals.md)
  - [1.2.10 Reactivity of Alkaline Earth Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-10-reactivity-of-alkaline-earth-metals.md)
  - [1.2.11 Redox](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-11-redox.md)
  - [1.2.12 Transition Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-12-transition-metals.md)
  - [1.2.13 Redox Reactions of Transition Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-2-13-redox-reactions-of-transition-metals.md)
- 1.3 Cell Structure & Function
  - [1.3.1 Introduction to Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-3-1-introduction-to-cells.md)
  - [1.3.2 Prokaryotes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-3-2-prokaryotes.md)
  - [1.3.3 Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-3-3-organelles-of-eukaryotic-cells.md)
  - [1.3.4 Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-3-4-organelles-of-eukaryotic-cells-2.md)
  - [1.3.5 Organelles in Plant Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-3-5-organelles-in-plant-cells.md)
  - [1.3.6 Microscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-3-6-microscopy.md)
  - [1.3.7 End of Topic Test - Cell Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-3-7-end-of-topic-test-cell-structure.md)
- 1.4 Cell Specialisation
  - [1.4.1 Cell Specialisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-4-1-cell-specialisation.md)
  - [1.4.2 Blood Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-4-2-blood-cells.md)
  - [1.4.3 Plant Cells](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-4-3-plant-cells.md)
  - [1.4.4 Gametes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-4-4-gametes.md)
- 1.5 Tissue Structure & Function
  - [1.5.1 Human Gas Exchange](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-1-human-gas-exchange.md)
  - [1.5.2 Blood Vessels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-2-blood-vessels.md)
  - [1.5.3 Atherosclerosis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-3-atherosclerosis.md)
  - [1.5.4 Skeletal Muscle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-4-skeletal-muscle.md)
  - [1.5.5 Slow & Fast Twitch Fibres](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-5-slow-and-fast-twitch-fibres.md)
  - [1.5.6 Neurones](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-6-neurones.md)
  - [1.5.7 Speed of Transmission](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-7-speed-of-transmission.md)
  - [1.5.8 Action Potentials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-8-action-potentials.md)
  - [1.5.9 End of Topic Test - Neurones & Action Potentials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-9-end-of-topic-test-neurones-and-action-potentials.md)
  - [1.5.10 Synapses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-10-synapses.md)
  - [1.5.11 Types of Synapse](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-11-types-of-synapse.md)
  - [1.5.12 Medical Application](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-12-medical-application.md)
  - [1.5.13 End of Topic Test - Synapses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-13-end-of-topic-test-synapses.md)
  - [1.5.14 Chemical Brain Imbalances](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-14-chemical-brain-imbalances.md)
  - [1.5.15 Effect of Drugs on the Brain](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-5-15-effect-of-drugs-on-the-brain.md)
- 1.6 Working with Waves
  - [1.6.1 Progressive Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-1-progressive-waves.md)
  - [1.6.2 Wave Speed & Phase Difference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-2-wave-speed-and-phase-difference.md)
  - [1.6.3 Longitudinal & Transverse Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-3-longitudinal-and-transverse-waves.md)
  - [1.6.4 Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-4-stationary-waves.md)
  - [1.6.5 Stationary Waves 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-5-stationary-waves-2.md)
  - [1.6.6 Applications of Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-6-applications-of-stationary-waves.md)
  - [1.6.7 Interference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-7-interference.md)
  - [1.6.8 Diffraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-8-diffraction.md)
  - [1.6.9 Diffraction Gratings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-9-diffraction-gratings.md)
  - [1.6.10 Application of Diffraction Gratings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-6-10-application-of-diffraction-gratings.md)
- 1.7 Waves in Communication
  - [1.7.1 Refraction at a Plane Surface](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-1-refraction-at-a-plane-surface.md)
  - [1.7.2 Internal Reflection & Fibre Optics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-2-internal-reflection-and-fibre-optics.md)
  - [1.7.3 Applications of Total Internal Reflection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-3-applications-of-total-internal-reflection.md)
  - [1.7.4 Properties](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-4-properties.md)
  - [1.7.5 Gamma, X-Ray & UV Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-5-gamma-x-ray-and-uv-light.md)
  - [1.7.6 Visible Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-6-visible-light.md)
  - [1.7.7 Infrared, Microwave & Radio Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-7-infrared-microwave-and-radio-waves.md)
  - [1.7.8 Intensity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-8-intensity.md)
  - [1.7.9 Digital & Analogue Signals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-9-digital-and-analogue-signals.md)
  - [1.7.10 Communication Channels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/1-7-10-communication-channels.md)

### 2 Practical Scientific Procedures and Techniques
- 2.1 Titration
  - [2.1.1 pH Curves & Titrations](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-1-1-ph-curves-and-titrations.md)
  - [2.1.2 pH Curves & Titrations 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-1-2-ph-curves-and-titrations-2.md)
  - [2.1.3 Buffer Solutions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-1-3-buffer-solutions.md)
- 2.2 Colorimetry
  - [2.2.1 Measuring Rates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-2-1-measuring-rates.md)
  - [2.2.2 Beer-Lambert Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-2-2-beer-lambert-law.md)
- 2.3 Chromatography
  - [2.3.1 Overview of Chromatography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-3-1-overview-of-chromatography.md)
  - [2.3.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-3-2-thin-layer-chromatography.md)
  - [2.3.3 Column Chromatography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-3-3-column-chromatography.md)
  - [2.3.4 Gas Chromatography](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/2-3-4-gas-chromatography.md)

### 3 Science Investigation Skills
- 3.1 Scientific Processes
  - [3.1.1 Aims, Hypotheses & Sampling](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-1-aims-hypotheses-and-sampling.md)
  - [3.1.2 Pilot Studies & Design](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-2-pilot-studies-and-design.md)
  - [3.1.3 Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-3-ethics.md)
  - [3.1.4 Variables & Control](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-4-variables-and-control.md)
  - [3.1.5 Demand Characteristics & Investigator Effects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-5-demand-characteristics-and-investigator-effects.md)
  - [3.1.6 Features of Science](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-6-features-of-science.md)
  - [3.1.7 Scientific Report](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-7-scientific-report.md)
  - [3.1.8 Scientific Report 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-1-8-scientific-report-2.md)
- 3.2 Data Handling & Analysis
  - [3.2.1 Types of Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-2-1-types-of-data.md)
  - [3.2.2 Descriptive Statistics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-2-2-descriptive-statistics.md)
  - [3.2.3 Presentation & Display of Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-2-3-presentation-and-display-of-data.md)
- 3.3 Enzymes in Action
  - [3.3.1 Overview of Protein Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-3-1-overview-of-protein-structure.md)
  - [3.3.2 Enzymes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-3-2-enzymes.md)
  - [3.3.3 Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-3-3-factors-affecting-enzyme-activity.md)
  - [3.3.4 Enzyme-Controlled Reactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-3-4-enzyme-controlled-reactions.md)
- 3.4 Diffusion
  - [3.4.1 Diffusion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-4-1-diffusion.md)
- 3.5 Plants & Their Environment
  - [3.5.1 Factors Affecting Plant Growth](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-5-1-factors-affecting-plant-growth.md)
  - [3.5.2 Measuring Number & Distribution of Species](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-5-2-measuring-number-and-distribution-of-species.md)
- 3.6 Energy Content in Fuels
  - [3.6.1 Fractions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-6-1-fractions.md)
  - [3.6.2 Burning Hydrocarbons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-6-2-burning-hydrocarbons.md)
  - [3.6.3 Combustion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-6-3-combustion.md)
  - [3.6.4 Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-6-4-energy.md)
  - [3.6.5 Energy at Home](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-6-5-energy-at-home.md)
  - [3.6.6 Calorimetry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-6-6-calorimetry.md)
- 3.7 Electrical Circuits
  - [3.7.1 Circuit Diagrams & Components](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-1-circuit-diagrams-and-components.md)
  - [3.7.2 Diodes, LDRs & Thermistors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-2-diodes-ldrs-and-thermistors.md)
  - [3.7.3 Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-3-resistance.md)
  - [3.7.4 Electrical Work](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-4-electrical-work.md)
  - [3.7.5 Ohm's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-5-ohms-law.md)
  - [3.7.6 Domestic Uses of Electricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-6-domestic-uses-of-electricity.md)
  - [3.7.7 Fuses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/3-7-7-fuses.md)

### 4 Principles of Science II
- 4.1 Extracting Elements
  - [4.1.1 Atom Economy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-1-1-atom-economy.md)
- 4.2 Relating Properties to use of Substances
  - [4.2.1 Group 2 Chemistry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-1-group-2-chemistry.md)
  - [4.2.2 End of Topic Test - Group 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-2-end-of-topic-test-group-2.md)
  - [4.2.3 Electrolysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-3-electrolysis.md)
  - [4.2.4 Electrolysis Examples](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-4-electrolysis-examples.md)
  - [4.2.5 Extracting Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-5-extracting-metals.md)
  - [4.2.6 Transition Metals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-6-transition-metals.md)
  - [4.2.7 Variable Oxidation States](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-7-variable-oxidation-states.md)
  - [4.2.8 Heterogeneous Catalysts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-8-heterogeneous-catalysts.md)
  - [4.2.9 Homogeneous Catalysts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-2-9-homogeneous-catalysts.md)
- 4.3 Organic Chemistry
  - [4.3.1 Naming Compounds](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-1-naming-compounds.md)
  - [4.3.2 Functional Groups](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-2-functional-groups.md)
  - [4.3.3 Isomerism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-3-isomerism.md)
  - [4.3.4 Hydrocarbons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-4-hydrocarbons.md)
  - [4.3.5 Structure of Alkanes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-5-structure-of-alkanes.md)
  - [4.3.6 Boiling Points of Alkanes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-6-boiling-points-of-alkanes.md)
  - [4.3.7 Alkenes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-7-alkenes.md)
  - [4.3.8 Curly Arrows & Mechanisms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-8-curly-arrows-and-mechanisms.md)
  - [4.3.9 Cracking](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-9-cracking.md)
  - [4.3.10 Combustion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-10-combustion.md)
  - [4.3.11 Free Radical Substitution of Alkanes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-11-free-radical-substitution-of-alkanes.md)
  - [4.3.12 Electrophilic Addition of Alkenes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-3-12-electrophilic-addition-of-alkenes.md)
- 4.4 Energy Changes in Industry
  - [4.4.1 The Kelvin Scale](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-4-1-the-kelvin-scale.md)
  - [4.4.2 Enthalpy Changes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-4-2-enthalpy-changes.md)
  - [4.4.3 Calorimetry](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-4-3-calorimetry.md)
  - [4.4.4 Bond Enthalpies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-4-4-bond-enthalpies.md)
  - [4.4.5 Hess' Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-4-5-hess-law.md)
- 4.5 The Circulatory System
  - [4.5.1 The Circulatory System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-1-the-circulatory-system.md)
  - [4.5.2 Blood Vessels](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-2-blood-vessels.md)
  - [4.5.3 Blood Transfusion & the ABO Rhesus System](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-3-blood-transfusion-and-the-abo-rhesus-system.md)
  - [4.5.4 The Heart](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-4-the-heart.md)
  - [4.5.5 The Cardiac Cycle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-5-the-cardiac-cycle.md)
  - [4.5.6 Cardiac Output](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-6-cardiac-output.md)
  - [4.5.7 Coordination of Heart Action](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-7-coordination-of-heart-action.md)
  - [4.5.8 Heart Dissection](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-8-heart-dissection.md)
  - [4.5.9 Controlling Heart Rate](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-9-controlling-heart-rate.md)
  - [4.5.10 Electrocardiograms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-10-electrocardiograms.md)
  - [4.5.11 Cardiovascular Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-11-cardiovascular-disease.md)
  - [4.5.12 Investigating Heart Rates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-5-12-investigating-heart-rates.md)
- 4.6 Ventilation & Gas Exchange
  - [4.6.1 Human Gas Exchange](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-6-1-human-gas-exchange.md)
  - [4.6.2 Ventilation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-6-2-ventilation.md)
  - [4.6.3 Measuring Gas Exchange](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-6-3-measuring-gas-exchange.md)
  - [4.6.4 Controlling Ventilation Rate](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-6-4-controlling-ventilation-rate.md)
  - [4.6.5 Lung Disease](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-6-5-lung-disease.md)
  - [4.6.6 Lung Disease Data](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-6-6-lung-disease-data.md)
- 4.7 Urinary System
  - [4.7.1 Kidneys & Control of Water Balance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-7-1-kidneys-and-control-of-water-balance.md)
  - [4.7.2 Kidneys & Osmoregulation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-7-2-kidneys-and-osmoregulation.md)
  - [4.7.3 Kidneys & Blood Pressure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-7-3-kidneys-and-blood-pressure.md)
  - [4.7.4 Urine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-7-4-urine.md)
  - [4.7.5 Kidney Failure & Urinalysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-7-5-kidney-failure-and-urinalysis.md)
  - [4.7.6 Dialysis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-7-6-dialysis.md)
  - [4.7.7 Transplants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-7-7-transplants.md)
- 4.8 Cell Transport
  - [4.8.1 Cell Membrane Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-8-1-cell-membrane-structure.md)
  - [4.8.2 Diffusion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-8-2-diffusion.md)
  - [4.8.3 Osmosis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-8-3-osmosis.md)
  - [4.8.4 Active Transport](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-8-4-active-transport.md)
- 4.9 Thermal Physics
  - [4.9.1 Power & Efficiency](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-1-power-and-efficiency.md)
  - [4.9.2 Work & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-2-work-and-energy.md)
  - [4.9.3 Conservation of Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-3-conservation-of-energy.md)
  - [4.9.4 Pressure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-4-pressure.md)
  - [4.9.5 First Law of Thermodynamics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-5-first-law-of-thermodynamics.md)
  - [4.9.6 Second Law of Thermodynamics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-6-second-law-of-thermodynamics.md)
  - [4.9.7 Heat Engines, Heat Pumps & Refrigerators](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-7-heat-engines-heat-pumps-and-refrigerators.md)
  - [4.9.8 Non-Flow Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-8-non-flow-processes.md)
  - [4.9.9 p-V Diagrams](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-9-p-v-diagrams.md)
  - [4.9.10 Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-10-ideal-gases.md)
  - [4.9.11 Ideal Gases 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-11-ideal-gases-2.md)
  - [4.9.12 Thermal Energy Transfer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-12-thermal-energy-transfer.md)
  - [4.9.13 Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-9-13-thermal-energy-transfer-experiments.md)
- 4.10 Materials
  - [4.10.1 Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-10-1-density.md)
  - [4.10.2 Stress & Strain](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-10-2-stress-and-strain.md)
  - [4.10.3 Properties of Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-10-3-properties-of-materials.md)
  - [4.10.4 Elasticity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-10-4-elasticity.md)
  - [4.10.5 Plasticity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-10-5-plasticity.md)
  - [4.10.6 Energy in Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-10-6-energy-in-materials.md)
  - [4.10.7 Young Modulus](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-10-7-young-modulus.md)
- 4.11 Fluids
  - [4.11.1 Fluid Flow](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-11-1-fluid-flow.md)
  - [4.11.2 Viscosity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-11-2-viscosity.md)
  - [4.11.3 Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-11-3-density.md)
  - [4.11.4 Continuity Equation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-11-4-continuity-equation.md)
  - [4.11.5 Bernoulli's Equation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-11-5-bernoullis-equation.md)
  - [4.11.6 Non-Newtonian Fluids](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/4-11-6-non-newtonian-fluids.md)

### 5 Contemporary Issues in Science
- 5.1 Contemporary Issues in Science
  - [5.1.1 Sustainability](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-1-sustainability.md)
  - [5.1.2 Genetic Engineering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-2-genetic-engineering.md)
  - [5.1.3 Uses of Genetic Modification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-3-uses-of-genetic-modification.md)
  - [5.1.4 Stem Cell Therapy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-4-stem-cell-therapy.md)
  - [5.1.5 Cloning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-5-cloning.md)
  - [5.1.6 Cloning 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-6-cloning-2.md)
  - [5.1.7 Nanotechnology](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-7-nanotechnology.md)
  - [5.1.8 Ecosystems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-1-8-ecosystems.md)
- 5.2 Analysing Scientific Information
  - [5.2.1 Validity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-2-1-validity.md)
  - [5.2.2 Peer Review](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/btec/science/applied-science-btec-level-3/5-2-2-peer-review.md)