Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-2-1-fletchers-situation-ethics [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [A Level](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level.md) › [Religious Studies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies.md) › [OCR](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr.md) › Fletcher's Situation Ethics # Fletcher's Situation Ethics Religious Studies: OCR A Level, topic 2.2.1 ## Fletcher's Situation Ethics - *Agape* & Six Propositions Joseph Fletcher argued that love was what morality should serve. He thought that when making a moral decision, you should be prepared to set aside rules if it seemed that love would be better served by doing so. ### The concept of *agape* ![The concept of *agape*](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-03/55f411fd-1ee4-4ca0-86c5-1d13a261e2b9/shutterstock_1009461196.jpg) - Love should always come first even if it means being disobedient in the eyes of the law. - The 'love' Fletcher is referring to is *agape* - the unconditional love that all Christians should have for one another. - **'The situationist follows a moral law or violates it according to love's need'** (Fletcher, *Situation Ethics*). - He argued that in the New Testament, Jesus taught his message of love not only through his teachings to his disciples but also through his actions. ### The first and second proposition ![The first and second proposition](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-06/9230bd9d-60fa-4153-8d53-0cf1b5acdbf4/heart-1164739_1920.jpg) - Fletcher gives six propositions to his theory: 1. Love is the only thing that is intrinsically good. Because of this, actions are good/evil depending on how far they promote the most loving outcome. 2. Love is the ruling norm in ethical decision making and replaces all laws. ### The third and fourth proposition ![The third and fourth proposition](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/5dabfd5a-0945-4ba1-9eba-dfed65b9a2e7/justice-court.jpg) 3. Love and justice are the same things - justice is love that is distributed. - In Fletcher's view, most moral problems are just tension between “justice” and “love”. To Fletcher, acting justly is acting in the name of love. 4. Love wills the neighbour’s good regardless of whether the neighbour is liked or not. ### The fifth and sixth proposition ![The fifth and sixth proposition](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2019-04/ae64704a-1bd3-4207-b659-ed2c4a7b0c08/love-light-.jpg) 5. Love is the goal or end of the act and that justifies any means to achieve that goal. - The end goal must be the most loving outcome. So anything done to try and achieve that end goal is justified. 6. Love decides on each situation as it arises without a set of laws to guide it. - There are no governing rules. In each context, the right action will be the one that brings the most loving outcome. ## Fletcher's Situation Ethics - Four Working Principles Fletcher proposed four working principles of his situationism. ### Pragmatism ![Pragmatism](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-06/23570ff1-2454-47ce-8ae7-55300559a7df/experience-.jpg) - It is based on experience rather than on theory. ### Relativism ![Relativism](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-06/0120e66c-c6c1-4c70-b0d1-31fb9968e76f/arrow-2110610_1920.jpg) - It is based on making the absolute laws of Christian ethics relative. ### Positivism ![Positivism](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-08/c7c2a77c-8f38-450a-a083-bbfd3f6801d4/plus-sign-add-.png) - It begins with belief in the reality and importance of love. ### Personalism ![Personalism](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/d31f3560-cc61-48cc-b9a3-d7a9c178a034/india-crowd-busy-population-.jpg) - Persons are at the centre of situation ethics - not laws or anything else. ## Test yourself on Fletcher's Situation Ethics - What did Fletcher say of *agape* in his *Situation Ethics*? - What is at the centre of Fletcher's situation ethics? - What belief does Fletcher's situation ethics begin with? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/cec01fd1-7f1f-4a01-a60e-235c0527cf3e/section/6d3e1201-74f0-42ee-b2a6-dab9784c4c11/session) - Previous topic: [2.1.5 Discussion Points - Telos & Double Effect Doctrine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-1-5-discussion-points-telos-and-double-effect-doctrine.md) - Next topic: [2.2.2 Fletcher's Concept of Conscience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-2-2-fletchers-concept-of-conscience.md) ## Religious Studies: OCR A Level contents ### 1 Philosophy of Religion - 1.1 Ancient Philosophical Influences: Plato - [1.1.1 Plato's Understanding of Reality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-1-1-platos-understanding-of-reality.md) - [1.1.2 Plato's Theory of Forms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-1-2-platos-theory-of-forms.md) - [1.1.3 Plato's Analogy of the Cave](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-1-3-platos-analogy-of-the-cave.md) - [1.1.4 The Purpose of Plato's Analogy of the Cave](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-1-4-the-purpose-of-platos-analogy-of-the-cave.md) - [1.1.5 Evaluation of Plato's Theories](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-1-5-evaluation-of-platos-theories.md) - 1.2 Ancient Philosophical Influences: Aristotle - [1.2.1 Aristotle's Understanding of Reality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-2-1-aristotles-understanding-of-reality.md) - [1.2.2 Aristotle's Four Causes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-2-2-aristotles-four-causes.md) - [1.2.3 Aristotle's Prime Mover](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-2-3-aristotles-prime-mover.md) - 1.3 Ancient Philosophical Influences: Soul, Mind, Body - [1.3.1 Plato & Aristotle's Views of the Soul](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-3-1-plato-and-aristotles-views-of-the-soul.md) - [1.3.2 Metaphysics of Consciousness](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-3-2-metaphysics-of-consciousness.md) - [1.3.3 Materialism - Ryle’s Philosophical Behaviourism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-3-3-materialism-ryles-philosophical-behaviourism.md) - [1.3.4 Materialism - Identity Theory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-3-4-materialism-identity-theory.md) - 1.4 The Existence of God - Arguments from Observation - [1.4.1 The Teleological Argument - Aquinas' Fifth Way](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-4-1-the-teleological-argument-aquinas-fifth-way.md) - [1.4.2 The Teleological Argument - Paley & Evolution](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-4-2-the-teleological-argument-paley-and-evolution.md) - [1.4.3 The Cosmological Argument](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-4-3-the-cosmological-argument.md) - [1.4.4 Hume's Criticisms: Teleological & Cosmological](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-4-4-humes-criticisms-teleological-and-cosmological.md) - 1.5 The Existence of God - Arguments from Reason - [1.5.1 The Ontological Argument](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-5-1-the-ontological-argument.md) - [1.5.2 Criticisms of the Ontological Argument](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-5-2-criticisms-of-the-ontological-argument.md) - 1.6 Religious Experience - [1.6.1 Introduction to Religious Experience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-6-1-introduction-to-religious-experience.md) - [1.6.2 Mystical Experience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-6-2-mystical-experience.md) - [1.6.3 Conversion Experience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-6-3-conversion-experience.md) - [1.6.4 Understanding Religious Experience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-6-4-understanding-religious-experience.md) - [1.6.5 Issues Relating to Religious Experience - Validity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-6-5-issues-relating-to-religious-experience-validity.md) - [1.6.6 Issues Relating to Religious Experiences - People](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-6-6-issues-relating-to-religious-experiences-people.md) - 1.7 The Problem of Evil - [1.7.1 Presentations of the Problems of Evil](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-7-1-presentations-of-the-problems-of-evil.md) - [1.7.2 Discussion Points -](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-7-2-discussion-points.md) - 1.8 The Nature & Attributes of God - [1.8.1 Omnipotence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-8-1-omnipotence.md) - [1.8.2 Omniscience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-8-2-omniscience.md) - [1.8.3 Boethius - Divine Knowledge, Free Will & Eternity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-8-3-boethius-divine-knowledge-free-will-and-eternity.md) - [1.8.4 (Omni)benevolence](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-8-4-omnibenevolence.md) - [1.8.5 Eternity & Free Will](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-8-5-eternity-and-free-will.md) - 1.9 Religious Language: Negative, Analogical, Symbolic - [1.9.1 Apophatic & Cataphatic Way](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-9-1-apophatic-and-cataphatic-way.md) - [1.9.2 Symbol](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-9-2-symbol.md) - [1.9.3 Discussion Points: Religious Language](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-9-3-discussion-points-religious-language.md) - 1.10 Religious Language: 20th Century Perspective - [1.10.1 Logical Positivism & Verification Principle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-10-1-logical-positivism-and-verification-principle.md) - [1.10.2 Wittgenstein](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-10-2-wittgenstein.md) - [1.10.3 Falsification Symposium: Flew & Hare](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-10-3-falsification-symposium-flew-and-hare.md) - [1.10.4 Falsification Symposium: Mitchell](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-10-4-falsification-symposium-mitchell.md) - [1.10.5 Discussion Points: Verification & Falsification](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-10-5-discussion-points-verification-and-falsification.md) - [1.10.6 Discussion Points: Aquinas vs Wittgenstein](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/1-10-6-discussion-points-aquinas-vs-wittgenstein.md) ### 2 Religion & Ethics - 2.1 Natural Law - [2.1.1 St Thomas Aquinas - Telos & Four Tiers of Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-1-1-st-thomas-aquinas-telos-and-four-tiers-of-law.md) - [2.1.2 St Thomas Aquinas - Precepts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-1-2-st-thomas-aquinas-precepts.md) - [2.1.3 St Thomas Aquinas - Real & Apparent Goods](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-1-3-st-thomas-aquinas-real-and-apparent-goods.md) - [2.1.4 Discussion Points - Natural Law & Doing Good](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-1-4-discussion-points-natural-law-and-doing-good.md) - [2.1.5 Discussion Points - Telos & Double Effect Doctrine](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-1-5-discussion-points-telos-and-double-effect-doctrine.md) - 2.2 Situation Ethics - [2.2.1 Fletcher's Situation Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-2-1-fletchers-situation-ethics.md) - [2.2.2 Fletcher's Concept of Conscience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-2-2-fletchers-concept-of-conscience.md) - [2.2.3 Discussion Points: Moral Decision-Making](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-2-3-discussion-points-moral-decision-making.md) - [2.2.4 Discussion Points - Agape](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-2-4-discussion-points-agape.md) - 2.3 Kantian Ethics - [2.3.1 Introduction to Kantian Ethics & Duty](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-3-1-introduction-to-kantian-ethics-and-duty.md) - [2.3.2 Hypothetical & Categorical Imperative](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-3-2-hypothetical-and-categorical-imperative.md) - [2.3.3 Summum Bonum & Three Postulates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-3-3-summum-bonum-and-three-postulates.md) - [2.3.4 Discussion Points: Kantian Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-3-4-discussion-points-kantian-ethics.md) - 2.4 Utilitarianism - [2.4.1 The Utility Principle](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-4-1-the-utility-principle.md) - [2.4.2 Act & Rule Utilitarianism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-4-2-act-and-rule-utilitarianism.md) - [2.4.3 Discussion Points: Utilitarianism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-4-3-discussion-points-utilitarianism.md) - 2.5 Euthanasia - [2.5.1 Key Concepts for Euthanasia Debates](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-5-1-key-concepts-for-euthanasia-debates.md) - [2.5.2 Discussion Points: Natural Law & Situation Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-5-2-discussion-points-natural-law-and-situation-ethics.md) - [2.5.3 Discussion Points: Sanctity of Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-5-3-discussion-points-sanctity-of-life.md) - [2.5.4 Discussion Points: Autonomy & Medical Intervention](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-5-4-discussion-points-autonomy-and-medical-intervention.md) - 2.6 Business Ethics - [2.6.1 Corporate Social Responsibility & Whistle-Blowing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-6-1-corporate-social-responsibility-and-whistle-blowing.md) - [2.6.2 Good Ethics & Globalisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-6-2-good-ethics-and-globalisation.md) - [2.6.3 Discussion Points: Utilitarianism & Kantian Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-6-3-discussion-points-utilitarianism-and-kantian-ethics.md) - [2.6.4 Discussion Points: CSR, Globalisation & Capitalism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-6-4-discussion-points-csr-globalisation-and-capitalism.md) - 2.7 Meta-Ethical Theories - [2.7.1 Naturalism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-7-1-naturalism.md) - [2.7.2 Intuitionism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-7-2-intuitionism.md) - [2.7.3 Emotivism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-7-3-emotivism.md) - [2.7.4 Meta-Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-7-4-meta-ethics.md) - 2.8 Conscience - [2.8.1 Aquinas' Theological Approach](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-8-1-aquinas-theological-approach.md) - [2.8.2 Freud's Psychological Approach](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-8-2-freuds-psychological-approach.md) - [2.8.3 Comparing Aquinas & Freud](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-8-3-comparing-aquinas-and-freud.md) - 2.9 Sexual Ethics - [2.9.1 Sexual Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-9-1-sexual-ethics.md) - [2.9.2 Development of Religious Beliefs on Sexual Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-9-2-development-of-religious-beliefs-on-sexual-ethics.md) - [2.9.3 Application of Sexual Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-9-3-application-of-sexual-ethics.md) - [2.9.4 Examining Sexual Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/2-9-4-examining-sexual-ethics.md) ### 3 Developments in Christian Thought - 3.1 Saint Augustine's Teachings - [3.1.1 Human Nature](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-1-1-human-nature.md) - [3.1.2 Original Sin & God's Grace](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-1-2-original-sin-and-gods-grace.md) - 3.2 Death & the Afterlife - [3.2.1 Heaven, Hell, & Purgatory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-2-1-heaven-hell-and-purgatory.md) - [3.2.2 Different Interpretations of the Afterlife](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-2-2-different-interpretations-of-the-afterlife.md) - [3.2.3 Election](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-2-3-election.md) - [3.2.4 The Final Judgement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-2-4-the-final-judgement.md) - [3.2.5 Discussion Points: Heaven, Hell & Purgatory](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-2-5-discussion-points-heaven-hell-and-purgatory.md) - 3.3 Knowledge of God's Existence - [3.3.1 Natural Knowledge](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-3-1-natural-knowledge.md) - [3.3.2 Revealed Knowledge in Faith, Grace, & Jesus Christ](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-3-2-revealed-knowledge-in-faith-grace-and-jesus-christ.md) - [3.3.3 Revealed Knowledge in the Bible & Church](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-3-3-revealed-knowledge-in-the-bible-and-church.md) - [3.3.4 Discussion Points: Reason & Belief in God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-3-4-discussion-points-reason-and-belief-in-god.md) - [3.3.5 Discussion Points: The Fall & Trust in God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-3-5-discussion-points-the-fall-and-trust-in-god.md) - 3.4 The Person of Jesus Christ - [3.4.1 Jesus Christ’s Authority as the Son of God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-4-1-jesus-christs-authority-as-the-son-of-god.md) - [3.4.2 Jesus Christ’s Authority as a Teacher of Wisdom](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-4-2-jesus-christs-authority-as-a-teacher-of-wisdom.md) - [3.4.3 Jesus Christ’s Authority as a Liberator](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-4-3-jesus-christs-authority-as-a-liberator.md) - 3.5 Christian Moral Principles - [3.5.1 The Bible & Love](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-5-1-the-bible-and-love.md) - [3.5.2 Bible, Church & Reason](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-5-2-bible-church-and-reason.md) - [3.5.3 Discussion Points: Christian Ethics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-5-3-discussion-points-christian-ethics.md) - [3.5.4 Discussion Points: Love & the Bible](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-5-4-discussion-points-love-and-the-bible.md) - 3.6 Christian Moral Action - [3.6.1 Dietrich Bonhoeffer & the Confessing Church](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-6-1-dietrich-bonhoeffer-and-the-confessing-church.md) - [3.6.2 Bonhoeffer & Civil Disobedience](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-6-2-bonhoeffer-and-civil-disobedience.md) - [3.6.3 Bonhoeffer's Teaching on Ethics as Action](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-6-3-bonhoeffers-teaching-on-ethics-as-action.md) - [3.6.4 Discussion Points: Civil Disobedience & Bonhoeffer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-6-4-discussion-points-civil-disobedience-and-bonhoeffer.md) - 3.7 Development - Pluralism & Theology - [3.7.1 Pluralism & Theology: Exclusivism & Inclusivism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-7-1-pluralism-and-theology-exclusivism-and-inclusivism.md) - [3.7.2 Pluralism & Theology: Pluralism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-7-2-pluralism-and-theology-pluralism.md) - [3.7.3 Discussion Points: Salvation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-7-3-discussion-points-salvation.md) - [3.7.4 Discussion Points: Pluralism Undermining Beliefs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-7-4-discussion-points-pluralism-undermining-beliefs.md) - 3.8 Development - Pluralism & Society - [3.8.1 Development of Multi-Faith Societies](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-8-1-development-of-multi-faith-societies.md) - [3.8.2 Responses to Inter-Faith Dialogue](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-8-2-responses-to-inter-faith-dialogue.md) - [3.8.3 The Scriptural Reasoning Movement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-8-3-the-scriptural-reasoning-movement.md) - [3.8.4 Discussion Points: Social Cohesion & Scripture](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-8-4-discussion-points-social-cohesion-and-scripture.md) - [3.8.5 Discussion Points: Conversion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-8-5-discussion-points-conversion.md) - 3.9 Gender & Society - [3.9.1 Waves of Feminism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-9-1-waves-of-feminism.md) - [3.9.2 Traditional Christian Views on Gender Roles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-9-2-traditional-christian-views-on-gender-roles.md) - [3.9.3 Christian Views on Gender Roles & Family](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-9-3-christian-views-on-gender-roles-and-family.md) - [3.9.4 Discussion Points: Secular Views of Gender](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-9-4-discussion-points-secular-views-of-gender.md) - [3.9.5 Discussion Points: Motherhood & Family](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-9-5-discussion-points-motherhood-and-family.md) - 3.10 Gender & Theology - [3.10.1 Rosemary Radford Ruether](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-10-1-rosemary-radford-ruether.md) - [3.10.2 Mary Daly](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-10-2-mary-daly.md) - [3.10.3 Discussion Points: Ruether & Daly](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-10-3-discussion-points-ruether-and-daly.md) - [3.10.4 Discussion Points: Male Saviour & Female God](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-10-4-discussion-points-male-saviour-and-female-god.md) - 3.11 Challenges - [3.11.1 Secularism - Sigmund Freud](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-11-1-secularism-sigmund-freud.md) - [3.11.2 Secularism - Richard Dawkins](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-11-2-secularism-richard-dawkins.md) - [3.11.3 Christianity & Public Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-11-3-christianity-and-public-life.md) - [3.11.4 Discussion Points: Spiritual Values](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-11-4-discussion-points-spiritual-values.md) - [3.11.5 Discussion Points: Social Values & Opportunities](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-11-5-discussion-points-social-values-and-opportunities.md) - [3.11.6 Karl Marx](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-11-6-karl-marx.md) - [3.11.7 Liberation Theology](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/religious-studies/ocr/3-11-7-liberation-theology.md)