Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-11-acceleration-due-to-gravity

[Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [A Level](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level.md) › [Physics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics.md) › [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa.md) › Acceleration Due to Gravity

# Acceleration Due to Gravity

Physics: AQA A Level, topic 4.1.11

## Free Fall

If an object is in free fall, then the object’s weight is the only force acting on it. The weight of an object is the force that acts downwards on an object due to gravity.

### Acceleration due to gravity

![Acceleration due to gravity](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/courseImages/physics/1.2.2%20Gravity%20and%20free-fall/diving-1600668_640-min%20-%20Edited.jpg)

- An object in free fall will accelerate at a constant rate. This constant rate is called the acceleration due to gravity (g). 
- The average value for acceleration on Earth due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2.

## Determination of g by Freefall

By dropping an object and recording the time taken to fall a certain height, the value of g can be determined.

### Steel ball and trap door

![Steel ball and trap door](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/61727f58-31cc-4445-810b-89a02c928132/determination-of-gravity-experiment-setup.png)

- Set up your equipment as shown.

### Measurements

![Measurements](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/61727f58-31cc-4445-810b-89a02c928132/determination-of-gravity-experiment-setup.png)

- Record the height the steel ball is at.
- Release the trap door and time how long it takes to travel the distance 'h'. 
 - You can use a pressure sensitive plate attached to an electronic timer.
- Repeat three times more and record the average.

### Vary h

![Vary h](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/61727f58-31cc-4445-810b-89a02c928132/determination-of-gravity-experiment-setup.png)

- Measure the time taken to fall from a range of different heights.
- You should take at least 7 measurements.
- They should each be separated by a few centimetres.

### Plot graph

![Plot graph](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/61727f58-31cc-4445-810b-89a02c928132/determination-of-gravity-experiment-setup.png)

- Plot a graph of t² on the x axis against h on the y axis.
- The graph should be a straight line.

### Gradient

![Gradient](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/61727f58-31cc-4445-810b-89a02c928132/determination-of-gravity-experiment-setup.png)

- The gradient of the graph is equal to half g.
 - gradient $$= \frac{1}2 g$$
- So g = 2 × gradient.

## Test yourself on Acceleration Due to Gravity

- What is the definition of weight?
- Which of the following are true?
- An object falling from a plane towards the ground...
- Why do we take repeat readings in an experiment?
- Why should we use a steel ball here and not feather?

[Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/890da800-6a58-11e8-973c-cb81832c8407/section/7b2782b4-6f04-4953-b7f2-6c496ee6b8e8/session)

- Previous topic: [4.1.10 End of Topic Test - Motion in a Straight Line](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-10-end-of-topic-test-motion-in-a-straight-line.md)
- Next topic: [4.1.12 Projectile Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-12-projectile-motion.md)

## Physics: AQA A Level contents

### 1 Measurements & Errors
- 1.1 Measurements & Errors
  - [1.1.1 SI Base Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-1-si-base-units.md)
  - [1.1.2 Combining SI Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-2-combining-si-units.md)
  - [1.1.3 Prefixes of Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-3-prefixes-of-units.md)
  - [1.1.4 Standard Form](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-4-standard-form.md)
  - [1.1.5 Converting Units](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-5-converting-units.md)
  - [1.1.6 End of Topic Test - Units & Prefixes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-6-end-of-topic-test-units-and-prefixes.md)
  - [1.1.7 Limitation of Physical Measurements](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-7-limitation-of-physical-measurements.md)
  - [1.1.8 Uncertainty](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-8-uncertainty.md)
  - [1.1.9 Estimation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-9-estimation.md)
  - [1.1.10 End of Topic Test - Measurements & Errors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-10-end-of-topic-test-measurements-and-errors.md)
  - [1.1.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting between SI](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-between-si.md)
  - [1.1.12 Diagnostic Misconceptions - SI & Area/Volume](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/1-1-12-diagnostic-misconceptions-si-and-areavolume.md)

### 2 Particles & Radiation
- 2.1 Particles
  - [2.1.1 Atomic Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-1-atomic-model.md)
  - [2.1.2 Specific Charge, Protons & Neutron Numbers](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-2-specific-charge-protons-and-neutron-numbers.md)
  - [2.1.3 End of Topic Test - Atomic Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-3-end-of-topic-test-atomic-model.md)
  - [2.1.4 Isotopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-4-isotopes.md)
  - [2.1.5 Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-5-stable-and-unstable-nuclei.md)
  - [2.1.6 End of Topic Test - Isotopes & Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-6-end-of-topic-test-isotopes-and-nuclei.md)
  - [2.1.7 A-A* (AO3/4) - Stable & Unstable Nuclei](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-7-a-a-ao34-stable-and-unstable-nuclei.md)
  - [2.1.8 Particles, Antiparticles & Photons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-8-particles-antiparticles-and-photons.md)
  - [2.1.9 Particle Interactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-9-particle-interactions.md)
  - [2.1.10 Classification of Particles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-10-classification-of-particles.md)
  - [2.1.11 End of Topic Test - Particles & Interactions](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-11-end-of-topic-test-particles-and-interactions.md)
  - [2.1.12 Quarks & Antiquarks](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-12-quarks-and-antiquarks.md)
  - [2.1.13 Application of Conservation Laws](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-13-application-of-conservation-laws.md)
  - [2.1.14 End of Topic Test - Leptons & Quarks](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-14-end-of-topic-test-leptons-and-quarks.md)
  - [2.1.15 Exam-Style Question -  Radioactive Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-1-15-exam-style-question-radioactive-decay.md)
- 2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation & Quantum Phenomena
  - [2.2.1 The Photoelectric Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-1-the-photoelectric-effect.md)
  - [2.2.2 The Photoelectric Effect Explanation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-2-the-photoelectric-effect-explanation.md)
  - [2.2.3 End of Topic Test - The Photoelectric Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-3-end-of-topic-test-the-photoelectric-effect.md)
  - [2.2.4 Collisions of Electrons with Atoms](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-4-collisions-of-electrons-with-atoms.md)
  - [2.2.5 Energy Levels & Photon Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-5-energy-levels-and-photon-emission.md)
  - [2.2.6 Wave-Particle Duality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-6-wave-particle-duality.md)
  - [2.2.7 End of Topic Test - Absorption & Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-7-end-of-topic-test-absorption-and-emission.md)
  - [2.2.8 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Electron Volts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-8-diagnostic-misconceptions-electron-volts.md)
  - [2.2.9 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Converting eV & Joules](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/2-2-9-diagnostic-misconceptions-converting-ev-and-joules.md)

### 3 Waves
- 3.1 Progressive & Stationary Waves
  - [3.1.1 Progressive Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-1-progressive-waves.md)
  - [3.1.2 Wave Speed & Phase Difference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-2-wave-speed-and-phase-difference.md)
  - [3.1.3 Longitudinal & Transverse Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-3-longitudinal-and-transverse-waves.md)
  - [3.1.4 End of Topic Test - Progressive Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-4-end-of-topic-test-progressive-waves.md)
  - [3.1.5 Polarisation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-5-polarisation.md)
  - [3.1.6 Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-6-stationary-waves.md)
  - [3.1.7 Stationary Waves 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-7-stationary-waves-2.md)
  - [3.1.8 End of Topic Test - Polarisation & Stationary Wave](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-8-end-of-topic-test-polarisation-and-stationary-wave.md)
  - [3.1.9 A-A* (AO3/4) - Stationary Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-1-9-a-a-ao34-stationary-waves.md)
- 3.2 Refraction, Diffraction & Interference
  - [3.2.1 Interference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-1-interference.md)
  - [3.2.2 Interference 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-2-interference-2.md)
  - [3.2.3 End of Topic Test - Interference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-3-end-of-topic-test-interference.md)
  - [3.2.4 Diffraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-4-diffraction.md)
  - [3.2.5 Diffraction Gratings](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-5-diffraction-gratings.md)
  - [3.2.6 End of Topic Test - Diffraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-6-end-of-topic-test-diffraction.md)
  - [3.2.7 Refraction at a Plane Surface](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-7-refraction-at-a-plane-surface.md)
  - [3.2.8 Internal Reflection & Fibre Optics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-8-internal-reflection-and-fibre-optics.md)
  - [3.2.9 End of Topic Test - Refraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-9-end-of-topic-test-refraction.md)
  - [3.2.10 Exam-Style Question - Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/3-2-10-exam-style-question-waves.md)

### 4 Mechanics & Materials
- 4.1 Force, Energy & Momentum
  - [4.1.1 Scalars & Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-1-scalars-and-vectors.md)
  - [4.1.2 Vector Problems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-2-vector-problems.md)
  - [4.1.3 End of Topic Test - Scalars & Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-3-end-of-topic-test-scalars-and-vectors.md)
  - [4.1.4 Moments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-4-moments.md)
  - [4.1.5 Centre of Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-5-centre-of-mass.md)
  - [4.1.6 End of Topic Test - Moments & Centre of Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-6-end-of-topic-test-moments-and-centre-of-mass.md)
  - [4.1.7 Motion in a Straight Line](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-7-motion-in-a-straight-line.md)
  - [4.1.8 Graphs of Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-8-graphs-of-motion.md)
  - [4.1.9 Bouncing Ball Example](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-9-bouncing-ball-example.md)
  - [4.1.10 End of Topic Test - Motion in a Straight Line](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-10-end-of-topic-test-motion-in-a-straight-line.md)
  - [4.1.11 Acceleration Due to Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-11-acceleration-due-to-gravity.md)
  - [4.1.12 Projectile Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-12-projectile-motion.md)
  - [4.1.13 Friction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-13-friction.md)
  - [4.1.14 Terminal Speed](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-14-terminal-speed.md)
  - [4.1.15 End of Topic Test - Acceleration Due to Gravity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-15-end-of-topic-test-acceleration-due-to-gravity.md)
  - [4.1.16 Newton's Laws](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-16-newtons-laws.md)
  - [4.1.17 Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-17-momentum.md)
  - [4.1.18 Momentum 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-18-momentum-2.md)
  - [4.1.19 End of Topic Test - Newton's Laws & Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-19-end-of-topic-test-newtons-laws-and-momentum.md)
  - [4.1.20 A-A* (AO3/4) - Newton's Third Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-20-a-a-ao34-newtons-third-law.md)
  - [4.1.21 Work & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-21-work-and-energy.md)
  - [4.1.22 Power & Efficiency](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-22-power-and-efficiency.md)
  - [4.1.23 Conservation of Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-23-conservation-of-energy.md)
  - [4.1.24 End of Topic Test - Work, Energy & Power](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-24-end-of-topic-test-work-energy-and-power.md)
  - [4.1.25 Exam-Style Question - Forces](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-25-exam-style-question-forces.md)
  - [4.1.26 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Perpendicular Vectors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-26-diagnostic-misconceptions-perpendicular-vectors.md)
  - [4.1.27 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Weight Acts Downwards](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-27-diagnostic-misconceptions-weight-acts-downwards.md)
  - [4.1.28 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Acceleration Direction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-28-diagnostic-misconceptions-acceleration-direction.md)
  - [4.1.29 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Stationary Objects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-29-diagnostic-misconceptions-stationary-objects.md)
  - [4.1.30 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Action & Reaction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-30-diagnostic-misconceptions-action-and-reaction.md)
  - [4.1.31 Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Direction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-31-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-direction.md)
  - [4.1.32 Diagnostic Misconceptions - RF Acceleration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-32-diagnostic-misconceptions-rf-acceleration.md)
  - [4.1.33 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Change in Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-1-33-diagnostic-misconceptions-change-in-momentum.md)
- 4.2 Materials
  - [4.2.1 Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-1-density.md)
  - [4.2.2 Bulk Properties of Solids](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-2-bulk-properties-of-solids.md)
  - [4.2.3 Energy in Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-3-energy-in-materials.md)
  - [4.2.4 Young Modulus](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-4-young-modulus.md)
  - [4.2.5 End of Topic Test - Materials](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/4-2-5-end-of-topic-test-materials.md)

### 5 Electricity
- 5.1 Current Electricity
  - [5.1.1 Basics of Electricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-1-basics-of-electricity.md)
  - [5.1.2 Current-Voltage Characteristics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-2-current-voltage-characteristics.md)
  - [5.1.3 End of Topic Test - Basics of Electricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-3-end-of-topic-test-basics-of-electricity.md)
  - [5.1.4 Resistivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-4-resistivity.md)
  - [5.1.5 Superconductivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-5-superconductivity.md)
  - [5.1.6 A-A* (AO3/4) - Superconductivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-6-a-a-ao34-superconductivity.md)
  - [5.1.7 End of Topic Test - Resistivity & Superconductors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-7-end-of-topic-test-resistivity-and-superconductors.md)
  - [5.1.8 Circuits](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-8-circuits.md)
  - [5.1.9 Power and Conservation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-9-power-and-conservation.md)
  - [5.1.10 Potential Divider](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-10-potential-divider.md)
  - [5.1.11 Emf & Internal Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-11-emf-and-internal-resistance.md)
  - [5.1.12 End of Topic Test - Power & Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-12-end-of-topic-test-power-and-potential.md)
  - [5.1.13 Exam-Style Question - Resistance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-13-exam-style-question-resistance.md)
  - [5.1.14 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Constant Current](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-14-diagnostic-misconceptions-constant-current.md)
  - [5.1.15 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Potential Difference](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/5-1-15-diagnostic-misconceptions-potential-difference.md)

### 6 Further Mechanics & Thermal Physics (A2 only)
- 6.1 Periodic Motion (A2 only)
  - [6.1.1 Circular Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-1-circular-motion.md)
  - [6.1.2 Circular Motion 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-2-circular-motion-2.md)
  - [6.1.3 End of Topic Test - Circular Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-3-end-of-topic-test-circular-motion.md)
  - [6.1.4 Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-4-simple-harmonic-motion.md)
  - [6.1.5 Simple Harmonic Systems](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-5-simple-harmonic-systems.md)
  - [6.1.6 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-6-energy-in-simple-harmonic-motion.md)
  - [6.1.7 Resonance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-7-resonance.md)
  - [6.1.8 End of Topic Test - Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-8-end-of-topic-test-simple-harmonic-motion.md)
  - [6.1.9 A-A* (AO3/4) - Simple Harmonic Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-1-9-a-a-ao34-simple-harmonic-motion.md)
- 6.2 Thermal Physics (A2 only)
  - [6.2.1 Thermal Energy Transfer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-1-thermal-energy-transfer.md)
  - [6.2.2 Thermal Energy Transfer Experiments](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-2-thermal-energy-transfer-experiments.md)
  - [6.2.3 Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-3-ideal-gases.md)
  - [6.2.4 Ideal Gases 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-4-ideal-gases-2.md)
  - [6.2.5 Boyle's Law & Charles' Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-5-boyles-law-and-charles-law.md)
  - [6.2.6 Molecular Kinetic Theory Model](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-6-molecular-kinetic-theory-model.md)
  - [6.2.7 Molecular Kinetic Theory Model 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-7-molecular-kinetic-theory-model-2.md)
  - [6.2.8 End of Topic Test - Thermal Energy & Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-8-end-of-topic-test-thermal-energy-and-ideal-gases.md)
  - [6.2.9 Exam-Style Question - Ideal Gases](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-9-exam-style-question-ideal-gases.md)
  - [6.2.10 Diagnostic Misconceptions - Material & Mass](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-10-diagnostic-misconceptions-material-and-mass.md)
  - [6.2.11 Diagnostic Misconceptions - No Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/6-2-11-diagnostic-misconceptions-no-energy.md)

### 7 Fields & Their Consequences (A2 only)
- 7.1 Fields (A2 only)
  - [7.1.1 Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-1-1-fields.md)
- 7.2 Gravitational Fields (A2 only)
  - [7.2.1 Newton's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-1-newtons-law.md)
  - [7.2.2 Gravitational Field Strength](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-2-gravitational-field-strength.md)
  - [7.2.3 Gravitational Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-3-gravitational-potential.md)
  - [7.2.4 Orbits of Planets & Satellites](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-4-orbits-of-planets-and-satellites.md)
  - [7.2.5 Escape Velocity & Synchronous Orbits](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-5-escape-velocity-and-synchronous-orbits.md)
  - [7.2.6 End of Topic Test - Gravitational Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-2-6-end-of-topic-test-gravitational-fields.md)
- 7.3 Electric Fields (A2 only)
  - [7.3.1 Coulomb's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-1-coulombs-law.md)
  - [7.3.2 Electric Field Strength](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-2-electric-field-strength.md)
  - [7.3.3 Electric Field Strength 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-3-electric-field-strength-2.md)
  - [7.3.4 Electric Potential](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-4-electric-potential.md)
  - [7.3.5 End of Topic Test - Electric Fields](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-5-end-of-topic-test-electric-fields.md)
  - [7.3.6 A-A* (AO3/4) - Electric and Gravitational Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-3-6-a-a-ao34-electric-and-gravitational-field.md)
- 7.4 Capacitance (A2 only)
  - [7.4.1 Capacitance](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-1-capacitance.md)
  - [7.4.2 Parallel Plate Capacitor](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-2-parallel-plate-capacitor.md)
  - [7.4.3 Energy Stored by a Capacitor](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-3-energy-stored-by-a-capacitor.md)
  - [7.4.4 Capacitor Discharge](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-4-capacitor-discharge.md)
  - [7.4.5 Capacitor Charge](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-4-5-capacitor-charge.md)
- 7.5 Magnetic Fields (A2 only)
  - [7.5.1 Magnetic Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-1-magnetic-flux-density.md)
  - [7.5.2 End of Topic Test - Capacitance & Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-2-end-of-topic-test-capacitance-and-flux-density.md)
  - [7.5.3 Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-3-moving-charges-in-a-magnetic-field.md)
  - [7.5.4 Magnetic Flux & Flux Linkage](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-4-magnetic-flux-and-flux-linkage.md)
  - [7.5.5 Electromagnetic Induction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-5-electromagnetic-induction.md)
  - [7.5.6 Electromagnetic Induction 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-6-electromagnetic-induction-2.md)
  - [7.5.7 Alternating Currents](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-7-alternating-currents.md)
  - [7.5.8 Operation of a Transformer](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-8-operation-of-a-transformer.md)
  - [7.5.9 Magnetic Flux Density](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-9-magnetic-flux-density.md)
  - [7.5.10 End of Topic Test - Electromagnetic Induction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/7-5-10-end-of-topic-test-electromagnetic-induction.md)

### 8 Nuclear Physics (A2 only)
- 8.1 Radioactivity (A2 only)
  - [8.1.1 Rutherford Scattering](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-1-rutherford-scattering.md)
  - [8.1.2 Alpha & Beta Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-2-alpha-and-beta-radiation.md)
  - [8.1.3 Gamma Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-3-gamma-radiation.md)
  - [8.1.4 Radioactive Decay](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-4-radioactive-decay.md)
  - [8.1.5 Half Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-5-half-life.md)
  - [8.1.6 End of Topic Test - Radioactivity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-6-end-of-topic-test-radioactivity.md)
  - [8.1.7 Nuclear Instability](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-7-nuclear-instability.md)
  - [8.1.8 Nuclear Radius](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-8-nuclear-radius.md)
  - [8.1.9 Mass & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-9-mass-and-energy.md)
  - [8.1.10 Binding Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-10-binding-energy.md)
  - [8.1.11 Induced Fission](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-11-induced-fission.md)
  - [8.1.12 Safety Aspects of Nuclear Reactors](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-12-safety-aspects-of-nuclear-reactors.md)
  - [8.1.13 End of Topic Test - Nuclear Physics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-13-end-of-topic-test-nuclear-physics.md)
  - [8.1.14 A-A* (AO3/4) - Nuclear Fusion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/8-1-14-a-a-ao34-nuclear-fusion.md)

### 9 Option: Astrophysics (A2 only)
- 9.1 Telescopes (A2 only)
  - [9.1.1 Astronomical Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-1-astronomical-telescopes.md)
  - [9.1.2 Reflecting Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-2-reflecting-telescopes.md)
  - [9.1.3 Single Dish Radio Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-3-single-dish-radio-telescopes.md)
  - [9.1.4 Large Diameter Telescopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-1-4-large-diameter-telescopes.md)
- 9.2 Classification of Stars (A2 only)
  - [9.2.1 Classification by Luminosity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-1-classification-by-luminosity.md)
  - [9.2.2 Absolute Magnitude](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-2-absolute-magnitude.md)
  - [9.2.3 Black Body Radiation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-3-black-body-radiation.md)
  - [9.2.4 Stellar Spectral Classes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-4-stellar-spectral-classes.md)
  - [9.2.5 Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-5-hertzsprung-russell-diagrams.md)
  - [9.2.6 Astronomical Objects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-2-6-astronomical-objects.md)
- 9.3 Cosmology (A2 only)
  - [9.3.1 Doppler Effect](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-1-doppler-effect.md)
  - [9.3.2 Hubble's Law](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-2-hubbles-law.md)
  - [9.3.3 Quasars](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-3-quasars.md)
  - [9.3.4 Detecting Exoplanets](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/9-3-4-detecting-exoplanets.md)

### 10 Option: Medical Physics (A2 only)
- 10.1 Physics of the Eye (A2 only)
  - [10.1.1 Physics of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-1-physics-of-vision.md)
  - [10.1.2 Defects of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-2-defects-of-vision.md)
  - [10.1.3 Lenses](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-3-lenses.md)
  - [10.1.4 Correcting Defects of Vision](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-1-4-correcting-defects-of-vision.md)
- 10.2 Physics of the Ear (A2 only)
  - [10.2.1 Structure of the Ear](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-1-structure-of-the-ear.md)
  - [10.2.2 Sensitivity of the Ear](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-2-sensitivity-of-the-ear.md)
  - [10.2.3 Hearing Defects](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-2-3-hearing-defects.md)
- 10.3 Biological Measurement (A2 only)
  - [10.3.1 Electrocardiography (ECG)](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-3-1-electrocardiography-ecg.md)
- 10.4 Non-Ionising Imaging (A2 only)
  - [10.4.1 Ultrasound Imaging](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-1-ultrasound-imaging.md)
  - [10.4.2 Ultrasound Imaging 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-2-ultrasound-imaging-2.md)
  - [10.4.3 Fibre Optics & Endoscopy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-3-fibre-optics-and-endoscopy.md)
  - [10.4.4 Magnetic Resonance Scanning](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-4-4-magnetic-resonance-scanning.md)
- 10.5 X-Ray Imaging (A2 only)
  - [10.5.1 Diagnostic X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-1-diagnostic-x-rays.md)
  - [10.5.2 X-Ray Image Processing](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-2-x-ray-image-processing.md)
  - [10.5.3 Absorption of X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-3-absorption-of-x-rays.md)
  - [10.5.4 CT Scanners](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-5-4-ct-scanners.md)
- 10.6 Radionuclide Imaging & Therapy (A2 only)
  - [10.6.1 Imaging Techniques](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-1-imaging-techniques.md)
  - [10.6.2 Half Life](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-2-half-life.md)
  - [10.6.3 Gamma Camera](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-3-gamma-camera.md)
  - [10.6.4 High Energy X-Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-4-high-energy-x-rays.md)
  - [10.6.5 Radioactive Implants](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-5-radioactive-implants.md)
  - [10.6.6 Imaging Comparisons](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/10-6-6-imaging-comparisons.md)

### 11 Option: Engineering Physics (A2 only)
- 11.1 Rotational Dynamics (A2 only)
  - [11.1.1 Moment of Inertia](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-1-moment-of-inertia.md)
  - [11.1.2 Rotational Kinetic Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-2-rotational-kinetic-energy.md)
  - [11.1.3 Rotational Motion](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-3-rotational-motion.md)
  - [11.1.4 Torque & Angular Acceleration](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-4-torque-and-angular-acceleration.md)
  - [11.1.5 Angular Momentum](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-5-angular-momentum.md)
  - [11.1.6 Angular Work & Power](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-1-6-angular-work-and-power.md)
- 11.2 Thermodynamics & Engines (A2 only)
  - [11.2.1 First Law of Thermodynamics](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-1-first-law-of-thermodynamics.md)
  - [11.2.2 Non-Flow Processes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-2-non-flow-processes.md)
  - [11.2.3 p-V Diagrams](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-3-p-v-diagrams.md)
  - [11.2.4 Engine Cycles](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-4-engine-cycles.md)
  - [11.2.5 Second Law & Engines](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-5-second-law-and-engines.md)
  - [11.2.6 Reversed Heat Engines](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/11-2-6-reversed-heat-engines.md)

### 12 Option: Turning Points in Physics (A2 only)
- 12.1 Discovery of the Electron (A2 only)
  - [12.1.1 Cathode Rays](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-1-cathode-rays.md)
  - [12.1.2 Thermionic Electron Emission](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-2-thermionic-electron-emission.md)
  - [12.1.3 Electron Specific Charge](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-3-electron-specific-charge.md)
  - [12.1.4 Millikan's Experiment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-1-4-millikans-experiment.md)
- 12.2 Wave-Particle Duality (A2 only)
  - [12.2.1 Newton's & Huygen's Theories of Light](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-1-newtons-and-huygens-theories-of-light.md)
  - [12.2.2 Electromagnetic Waves](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-2-electromagnetic-waves.md)
  - [12.2.3 Photoelectricity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-3-photoelectricity.md)
  - [12.2.4 Wave-Particle Duality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-4-wave-particle-duality.md)
  - [12.2.5 Electron Microscopes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-2-5-electron-microscopes.md)
- 12.3 Special Relativity (A2 only)
  - [12.3.1 Michelson-Morley Experiment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-1-michelson-morley-experiment.md)
  - [12.3.2 Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-2-einsteins-theory-of-special-relativity.md)
  - [12.3.3 Time Dilation](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-3-time-dilation.md)
  - [12.3.4 Length Contraction](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-4-length-contraction.md)
  - [12.3.5 Mass & Energy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/physics/aqa/12-3-5-mass-and-energy.md)