Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-4-3-key-themes [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [A Level](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level.md) › [English Lit](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature.md) › [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa.md) › [English Lit: AQA A Level Othello](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello.md) › Key Themes # Key Themes English Lit: AQA A Level Othello, topic 2.4.3 ## Private versus Public Matters This scene begins to establish a growing sense of unease and suspense as we see conflict and tension between private and public matters and gender relations. ### Dichotomies ![Dichotomies](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/memory-location-images/Venice,%20Italy-min.jpeg) - This scene reveals the dichotomy between the public, military matters of the Venetian state and the private, personal relationships between the characters. Conflict defines both, however. - Whilst Cyprus becomes imminently threatened by the arrival of the Turkish fleet to its shores, Brabantio disowns his own daughter and Iago begins to move his plot forward, revealing his darkest machinations in his final soliloquy. ### 'Faces' !['Faces'](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/1272b584-ceb0-45e9-995e-91b82e40f305/shutterstock_606427046.jpg) - Desdemona is presented as promiscuous and carnal by other men, yet appears sincere in her love for Othello. - Iago is seen as __‘honest’__ and __‘noble’__ yet is clearly understood by the audience to be truly wicked. ### Appearance versus reality ![Appearance versus reality](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/d599e28d-9fdd-44c2-92a2-0b1e2cf75648/Tradgedy-Comedy-Drama-Masks-Funny-Crying.jpg) - One of the play’s key themes – the discrepancy between appearance versus reality - is first fully explored in this scene. - This was a central tenet of many Shakespearean tragedies, including _Othello_, _Macbeth_, _Richard III_ and _Romeo and Juliet_. ### Use of personas ![Use of personas](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/70151ddf-9abd-482a-89fb-343d148b8d02/Mask-Venice-Acting.jpg) - Elizabethan audiences were fascinated by the gaps between private and public personas, as many citizens would often portray a public persona quite dissimilar from their private life. - Shakespeare’s use of soliloquy and aside – particularly by Iago - helps to reveal private personas and allows the audience to reflect critically upon their own identity and use of personas. ## Gender Relations This scene begins to establish a growing sense of unease and suspense as we see conflict and tension between private and public matters and gender relations. ### Brabantio ![Brabantio](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/cbd454ee-3208-4932-9282-afda12f57d23/bangladesh-river-flood-boat-.jpg) - Brabantio’s metaphorical comparison of his grief as a __‘flood-gate’__ highlights his paternal love for Desdemona. - Yet this turns patriarchal and possessive as he suggests Desdemona has been __‘stol’n’__ from him, stripping away Desdemona’s agency and reducing her to mere property. ### A man's responsibility ![A man's responsibility](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/97fa7f2d-bf10-4ae4-a8d4-a1a6d1d6554f/fear-1131143_1920.jpg) - It is interesting how Brabantio refuses to accept Desdemona’s role in the partnership as a __‘maiden never bold’__. - He speaks for her as he insists Othello is something __‘she fear’d to look on’__, accentuating that women’s opinions and actions were seen as the responsibility of men. ### Othello ![Othello](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/9ba347c3-23f9-4740-8180-6118bda64c2c/winner-1548239_1920.jpg) - Othello speaks sincerely of his and Desdemona’s love – yet still seems implicitly misogynistic as he too assures that he __‘won’__ her from her father. ### Influence ![Influence](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-04/a459fe04-76be-4ac8-83d3-ebd1cc612366/shutterstock_135114548.jpg) - Medieval culture often influenced Shakespeare’s work. - The tale of Othello and Desdemona’s growing love alludes to typical medieval chivalric romance, which was a popular literary genre at the time emphasising love and courtly manners, usually portraying some kind of knight with heroic qualities on a quest who wins the favour of a lady by virtue of these qualities. ## Dramatic Irony Dramatic irony permeates the scene as we become increasingly aware of Iago’s anarchic villainy. ### Language ![Language](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/1b8ba991-4cf4-4345-97c2-aa53fc2c840a/secret-shh.jpg) - Shakespeare’s constant use of the adjectives __‘honest’__ and __‘noble’__ in reference to Iago in this scene creates tension throughout as we see his outright lies and manipulations by other characters. ### Iago ![Iago](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/73a1af7c-7afe-450c-9f92-c4bb1c8abff7/bed.jpg) - Othello sincerely trusts and believes in Iago’s __‘honesty’__, yet Iago shows no remorse or hesitation in abusing this trust. - In his final soliloquy, he seems to suggest another motivation for his hatred of Othello – that he may have slept with Emilia. ### Motivations ![Motivations](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/3a28fe91-7b61-4b9e-a6e9-07ac52527315/Good-Evil-Tattoo-Hand-Fingers.jpg) - However, no other action or dialogue in the play seems to suggest this, and this cannot compensate our hatred for Iago’s deception and deceit. - Instead, it seems Iago’s principle motive and logic for wishing to destroy Othello is simply to be evil for his own base __‘sport and profit’.__ ## Test yourself on Key Themes - Which character is seen as __‘honest’__ and __‘noble’__ yet is clearly understood by the audience to be truly wicked? - How does Shakespeare reveal the gaps between private and public personas of his characters? - What does Iago seem to suggest as a motivation for his hatred of Othello in his final soliloquy? - What permeates Act One Scene Three as we become increasingly aware of Iago’s anarchic villainy? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/eaa5fbae-2db3-4bc1-9205-b0228468355d/section/e9f50912-fa8e-42df-941e-279b62b5c32a/session) - Previous topic: [2.4.2 Key Events 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-4-2-key-events-2.md) - Next topic: [2.4.4 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-4-4-key-ideas.md) ## English Lit: AQA A Level Othello contents ### 1 Context - 1.1 Introduction - [1.1.1 Specifications](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/1-1-1-specifications.md) - 1.2 Background - [1.2.1 Shakespeare](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/1-2-1-shakespeare.md) - [1.2.2 Love](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/1-2-2-love.md) - [1.2.3 Tragedy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/1-2-3-tragedy.md) - [1.2.4 Historical Context](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/1-2-4-historical-context.md) - 1.3 Othello - [1.3.1 Setting](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/1-3-1-setting.md) - [1.3.2 Social Issues](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/1-3-2-social-issues.md) ### 2 Act One: Summaries & Themes - 2.1 Act and Scene Summaries - [2.1.1 Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-1-1-structure.md) - [2.1.2 The Exam](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-1-2-the-exam.md) - 2.2 Scene One - [2.2.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-2-1-key-events.md) - [2.2.2 Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-2-2-key-themes.md) - [2.2.3 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-2-3-key-ideas.md) - 2.3 Scene Two - [2.3.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-3-1-key-events.md) - [2.3.2 Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-3-2-key-themes.md) - [2.3.3 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-3-3-key-ideas.md) - 2.4 Scene Three - [2.4.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-4-1-key-events.md) - [2.4.2 Key Events 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-4-2-key-events-2.md) - [2.4.3 Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-4-3-key-themes.md) - [2.4.4 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/2-4-4-key-ideas.md) ### 3 Act Two: Summaries & Themes - 3.1 Scene One & Two - [3.1.1 Scene One: Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/3-1-1-scene-one-events.md) - [3.1.2 Key Events 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/3-1-2-key-events-2.md) - [3.1.3 Key Ideas: Love & Tragedy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/3-1-3-key-ideas-love-and-tragedy.md) - [3.1.4 Scene Two: Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/3-1-4-scene-two-events.md) - 3.2 Scene Three - [3.2.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/3-2-1-key-events.md) - [3.2.2 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/3-2-2-key-ideas.md) ### 4 Act Three: Summaries & Themes - 4.1 Key Events - [4.1.1 Scene One & Two](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/4-1-1-scene-one-and-two.md) - [4.1.2 Scene Three](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/4-1-2-scene-three.md) - [4.1.3 Scene Three: Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/4-1-3-scene-three-key-ideas.md) - [4.1.4 Scene Four](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/4-1-4-scene-four.md) ### 5 Act Four - 5.1 Scene One - [5.1.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/5-1-1-key-events.md) - [5.1.2 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/5-1-2-key-ideas.md) - 5.2 Scene Two - [5.2.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/5-2-1-key-events.md) - [5.2.2 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/5-2-2-key-ideas.md) - 5.3 Scene Three - [5.3.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/5-3-1-key-events.md) - [5.3.2 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/5-3-2-key-ideas.md) ### 6 Act Five - 6.1 Scene One - [6.1.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/6-1-1-key-events.md) - [6.1.2 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/6-1-2-key-ideas.md) - 6.2 Scene Two - [6.2.1 Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/6-2-1-key-events.md) - [6.2.2 Key Ideas](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/6-2-2-key-ideas.md) ### 7 Character Profiles - 7.1 Major Characters - [7.1.1 Othello](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/7-1-1-othello.md) - [7.1.2 Iago](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/7-1-2-iago.md) - [7.1.3 Desdemona](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/7-1-3-desdemona.md) - [7.1.4 Emilia](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/7-1-4-emilia.md) - [7.1.5 Cassio](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/7-1-5-cassio.md) - 7.2 Minor Characters - [7.2.1 Roderigo & Brabantio](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/7-2-1-roderigo-and-brabantio.md) - [7.2.2 Other Characters](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/7-2-2-other-characters.md) ### 8 Key Themes - 8.1 Love & Tragedy - [8.1.1 Love](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/8-1-1-love.md) - [8.1.2 Love 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/8-1-2-love-2.md) - [8.1.3 Tragedy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/8-1-3-tragedy.md) - [8.1.4 Tragedy 2](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/8-1-4-tragedy-2.md) - 8.2 Other Key Themes - [8.2.1 Public versus Private](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/8-2-1-public-versus-private.md) - [8.2.2 Appearance & Reality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/8-2-2-appearance-and-reality.md) ### 9 Writing Techniques - 9.1 Writing Techniques - [9.1.1 Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/9-1-1-structure.md) - [9.1.2 Genre](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/9-1-2-genre.md) - [9.1.3 Form & Language](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/9-1-3-form-and-language.md) - [9.1.4 Language & Imagery](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/9-1-4-language-and-imagery.md) ### 10 Critical Debates - 10.1 Criticism & Performance - [10.1.1 Shakespeare's Legacy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/10-1-1-shakespeares-legacy.md) - [10.1.2 Traditional](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/10-1-2-traditional.md) - [10.1.3 Modern & Contemporary](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/10-1-3-modern-and-contemporary.md) - 10.2 Approaches - [10.2.1 Feminist Approach](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/10-2-1-feminist-approach.md) - [10.2.2 Psychoanalytic Approach](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/10-2-2-psychoanalytic-approach.md) - [10.2.3 Marxist Approach](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/10-2-3-marxist-approach.md) ### 11 Approaching AQA English Literature - 11.1 Specification A - [11.1.1 Specification A](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/11-1-1-specification-a.md) - [11.1.2 Love Through the Ages](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/11-1-2-love-through-the-ages.md) - 11.2 Specification B - [11.2.1 Specification B](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/11-2-1-specification-b.md) - [11.2.2 Aspects of Tragedy](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/11-2-2-aspects-of-tragedy.md) ### 12 Issues of Assessment - 12.1 The Exams - [12.1.1 AOs](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/12-1-1-aos.md) - [12.1.2 Mark Scheme](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/othello/12-1-2-mark-scheme.md)