Source: https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-3-1-chapter-3-key-events [Revision notes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes.md) › [A Level](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level.md) › [English Lit](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature.md) › [AQA](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa.md) › [English Lit: AQA A Level Atonement - Specification B](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b.md) › Chapter 3: Key Events # Chapter 3: Key Events English Lit: AQA A Level Atonement - Specification B, topic 2.3.1 ## Key Event in Chapter 3: Briony's Observation Briony, in a break from play rehearsals with her cousins, observes the scene between Cecilia and Robbie at the fountain from the upstairs nursery windows. It immediately fires her imagination. ### What does Briony witness? ![What does Briony witness?](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/d8276fb1-6464-4e0a-b6fb-a83d234b3385/fountain-water.jpg) - Briony witnesses Cecilia stripping off her blouse and skirt in front of Robbie and stepping into the fountain. - Briony’s initial interpretation of the event is flawed; the first of many mis-readings which will eventually culminate in tragedy. ### Quotation: Briony's interpretation ![Quotation: Briony's interpretation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-07/bf74438e-a347-4c99-92c7-9b33d9a5af4f/marriage-rings-wedding-.jpg) - **“A proposal of marriage. Briony would not have been surprised. She herself had written a tale in which a humble woodcutter saved a princess from drowning and ended up marrying her. What was presented here fitted well… It made perfect sense”** (p38). ### Briony's fairy tale interpretation ![Briony's fairy tale interpretation](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-10/62f31093-6b96-445a-b262-a4139808d346/once-upon-a-time-story-writing-.jpg) - Briony misinterprets the scene below. - She is driven by the creative impulse to impose a storyline on what she has just seen but her own limited experience of life prevents her from seeing anything other than a fairy tale version of reality. ### Dramatic irony & class difference ![Dramatic irony & class difference](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-04/971717ca-6102-4f6a-8090-feabd93eee73/princess-.jpg) - McEwan creates dramatic irony in that we as readers know Briony is misinterpreting the scene and this, in turn, helps to build tension. - It is also notable that even the young Briony recognises the class difference between Cecilia and Robbie, mirrored in the figures of the **“woodcutter”** (clearly based on the gardener, Robbie) and the **“princess”**. - This story (of the princess’ rescue from drowning) will again be referred to in Part Two of the novel. ## Key Event in Chapter 3: Briony's Response to the Fountain Briony responds to the scene by the fountain as a writer. ### Briony's imagination ![Briony's imagination](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-09/f9807b1d-d6c5-408d-9db0-f0a36de76bb9/idea-innovation-bulb-.jpg) - Briony’s imagination is fired by what she has just witnessed and she begins to question how she could represent the scene in her own fiction. ### Quotation: Briony's writing ![Quotation: Briony's writing](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-08/99d5873c-a513-4715-b6d0-54bdd5153884/fountain-1501368_1920.jpg) - **“… She sensed she could write a scene like the one by the fountain and she could include a hidden observer like herself… She could write the scene three times over, from three points of view... None of these three was bad, nor were they particularly good. She need not judge…”** (p40). ### Briony's maturity ![Briony's maturity](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2020-08/5251ddf9-ae40-4a0e-a5f5-dcda0cc1fa5f/paper-623167_1920.jpg) - Briony shows some signs of maturity here in that, although she includes herself in this fictional version of the scene, she does not place herself at its centre. - Instead, she recognises the need for the writer to detach herself somewhat from the scene and not **“judge”** events. ### Irony in Briony's thoughts ![Irony in Briony's thoughts](https://image-v2.cdn.app.senecalearning.com/2018-07/44bf5aaf-4c83-4b84-896d-9151633f6769/Irony-Sign-.jpg) - However, Briony’s thoughts are again laden with irony: at the end of Part One, Briony will indeed **“judge”** with disastrous consequences. - McEwan creates further irony in Briony’s reflection of **“how easy it was to get everything wrong, completely wrong”**. - A further layer of irony is created by the fact that, as we will later learn, Briony is the narrator of what we are reading. ## Test yourself on Chapter 3: Key Events - Where does Briony feature of the narrative in Chapter 3? - What does Briony say she does NOT need to do when narrating the fountain scene? - What does Briony ironically say of narrating events? [Practise this topic for free](https://app.senecalearning.com/classroom/course/fa4dbdaf-d27d-4d2f-93ef-641b1f8a7cc1/section/9fee9644-0cd7-4b39-95d2-79b4fdfe2449/session) - Previous topic: [2.2.2 Chapter 2: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-2-2-chapter-2-key-themes.md) - Next topic: [2.3.2 Chapter 3: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-3-2-chapter-3-key-themes.md) ## English Lit: AQA A Level Atonement - Specification B contents ### 1 Introduction to Atonement - 1.1 Introduction & Background to Atonement - [1.1.1 Background to the Author - Ian McEwan](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/1-1-1-background-to-the-author-ian-mcewan.md) - [1.1.2 Settings & Historical Context of Atonement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/1-1-2-settings-and-historical-context-of-atonement.md) - [1.1.3 Social Issues Raised in Atonement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/1-1-3-social-issues-raised-in-atonement.md) - 1.2 Focus of Your Exam: Crime Texts - [1.2.1 Atonement as a Crime Text](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/1-2-1-atonement-as-a-crime-text.md) ### 2 Chapter Summaries & Analysis: Part One - 2.1 Chapter 1 - [2.1.1 Chapter 1: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-1-1-chapter-1-key-events.md) - [2.1.2 Chapter 1: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-1-2-chapter-1-key-themes.md) - 2.2 Chapter 2 - [2.2.1 Chapter 2: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-2-1-chapter-2-key-events.md) - [2.2.2 Chapter 2: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-2-2-chapter-2-key-themes.md) - 2.3 Chapter 3 - [2.3.1 Chapter 3: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-3-1-chapter-3-key-events.md) - [2.3.2 Chapter 3: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-3-2-chapter-3-key-themes.md) - 2.4 Chapter 4 - [2.4.1 Chapter 4: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-4-1-chapter-4-key-events.md) - [2.4.2 Chapter 4: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-4-2-chapter-4-key-themes.md) - 2.5 Chapter 5 - [2.5.1 Chapter 5: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-5-1-chapter-5-key-events.md) - [2.5.2 Chapter 5: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-5-2-chapter-5-key-themes.md) - 2.6 Chapter 6 - [2.6.1 Chapter 6: Key Events & Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-6-1-chapter-6-key-events-and-themes.md) - 2.7 Chapter 7 - [2.7.1 Chapter 7: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-7-1-chapter-7-key-events.md) - [2.7.2 Chapter 7: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-7-2-chapter-7-key-themes.md) - 2.8 Chapter 8 - [2.8.1 Chapter 8: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-8-1-chapter-8-key-events.md) - [2.8.2 Chapter 8: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-8-2-chapter-8-key-themes.md) - 2.9 Chapter 9 - [2.9.1 Chapter 9: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-9-1-chapter-9-key-events.md) - [2.9.2 Chapter 9: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-9-2-chapter-9-key-themes.md) - 2.10 Chapter 10 - [2.10.1 Chapter 10: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-10-1-chapter-10-key-events.md) - [2.10.2 Chapter 10: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-10-2-chapter-10-key-themes.md) - 2.11 Chapter 11 - [2.11.1 Chapter 11: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-11-1-chapter-11-key-events.md) - [2.11.2 Chapter 11: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-11-2-chapter-11-key-themes.md) - 2.12 Chapter 12 - [2.12.1 Chapter 12: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-12-1-chapter-12-key-events.md) - [2.12.2 Chapter 12: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-12-2-chapter-12-key-themes.md) - 2.13 Chapter 13 - [2.13.1 Chapter 13: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-13-1-chapter-13-key-events.md) - [2.13.2 Chapter 13: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-13-2-chapter-13-key-themes.md) - 2.14 Chapter 14 - [2.14.1 Chapter 14: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-14-1-chapter-14-key-events.md) - [2.14.2 Chapter 14: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/2-14-2-chapter-14-key-themes.md) ### 3 Chapter Summaries & Analysis: Part Two - 3.1 Pages 191-201: To the Farmhouse - [3.1.1 Pages 191-201: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-1-1-pages-191-201-key-events.md) - [3.1.2 Pages 191-201: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-1-2-pages-191-201-key-themes.md) - 3.2 Pages 202-213: The Night in the Barn - [3.2.1 Pages 202-213: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-2-1-pages-202-213-key-events.md) - [3.2.2 Pages 202-213: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-2-2-pages-202-213-key-themes.md) - 3.3 Pages 214-226: The Attack - [3.3.1 Pages 214-226: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-3-1-pages-214-226-key-events.md) - [3.3.2 Pages 214-226: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-3-2-pages-214-226-key-themes.md) - 3.4 Pages 226-234: Robbie's Reflections - [3.4.1 Pages 226-234: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-4-1-pages-226-234-key-events.md) - [3.4.2 Pages 226-234: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-4-2-pages-226-234-key-themes.md) - 3.5 Pages 234-246: To the Bridge over the Canal - [3.5.1 Pages 234-246: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-5-1-pages-234-246-key-events.md) - [3.5.2 Pages 234-246: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-5-2-pages-234-246-key-themes.md) - 3.6 Pages 246-254: Arrival at Dunkirk - [3.6.1 Pages 246-254: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-6-1-pages-246-254-key-events.md) - [3.6.2 Pages 246-254: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-6-2-pages-246-254-key-themes.md) - 3.7 Pages 254-265: To the Cellar - [3.7.1 Pages 254-265: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-7-1-pages-254-265-key-events.md) - [3.7.2 Pages 254-265: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/3-7-2-pages-254-265-key-themes.md) ### 4 Chapter Summaries & Analysis: Part Three - 4.1 Pages 269-277: London, 1940 - [4.1.1 Pages 269-277: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-1-1-pages-269-277-key-events.md) - [4.1.2 Pages 269-277: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-1-2-pages-269-277-key-themes.md) - 4.2 Pages 277-286: Briony as Writer - [4.2.1 Pages 277-286: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-2-1-pages-277-286-key-events.md) - [4.2.2 Pages 277-286: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-2-2-pages-277-286-key-themes.md) - 4.3 Pages 287-315: Victims of War - [4.3.1 Pages 287-315: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-3-1-pages-287-315-key-events.md) - [4.3.2 Pages 287-315: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-3-2-pages-287-315-key-themes.md) - 4.4 Pages 315-327: Lola & Paul Marshall’s Wedding - [4.4.1 Pages 315-327: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-4-1-pages-315-327-key-events.md) - [4.4.2 Pages 315-327: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-4-2-pages-315-327-key-themes.md) - 4.5 Pages 328-349: The Visit - [4.5.1 Pages 328-349: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-5-1-pages-328-349-key-events.md) - [4.5.2 Pages 328-349: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/4-5-2-pages-328-349-key-themes.md) ### 5 Chapter Summaries & Analysis: Part Four - 5.1 Epilogue: London, 1999 - Pages 353-371 - [5.1.1 Pages 353-371: Key Events](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/5-1-1-pages-353-371-key-events.md) - [5.1.2 Pages 353-371: Key Themes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/5-1-2-pages-353-371-key-themes.md) ### 6 Key Character Profiles - 6.1 Briony Tallis - [6.1.1 Overview of Briony's Character](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-1-1-overview-of-brionys-character.md) - [6.1.2 Briony in Part One](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-1-2-briony-in-part-one.md) - [6.1.3 Briony in Part Three & Four](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-1-3-briony-in-part-three-and-four.md) - 6.2 Robbie Turner - [6.2.1 Overview of Robbie's Character](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-2-1-overview-of-robbies-character.md) - [6.2.2 Robbie in Part One](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-2-2-robbie-in-part-one.md) - [6.2.3 Robbie in Part Two & Three](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-2-3-robbie-in-part-two-and-three.md) - 6.3 Cecilia Tallis - [6.3.1 Cecilia in Part One](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-3-1-cecilia-in-part-one.md) - [6.3.2 Cecilia in Part Three](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-3-2-cecilia-in-part-three.md) - 6.4 Lola Quincey - [6.4.1 Overview of Lola Quincey](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-4-1-overview-of-lola-quincey.md) - [6.4.2 Lola Relationship with Marshall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-4-2-lola-relationship-with-marshall.md) - 6.5 Paul Marshall - [6.5.1 Overview of Paul Marshall](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-5-1-overview-of-paul-marshall.md) - [6.5.2 Paul Marshall's Relationship with Lola](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-5-2-paul-marshalls-relationship-with-lola.md) - [6.5.3 Paul Marshall's Power](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-5-3-paul-marshalls-power.md) - 6.6 Emily Tallis - [6.6.1 Overview of Emily Tallis](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-6-1-overview-of-emily-tallis.md) - [6.6.2 Emily Tallis' Character](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/6-6-2-emily-tallis-character.md) ### 7 Key Themes - 7.1 Introduction to Crime Texts - [7.1.1 Common Themes in Crime Texts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-1-1-common-themes-in-crime-texts.md) - 7.2 Crimes in Atonement - [7.2.1 Crimes in Atonement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-2-1-crimes-in-atonement.md) - [7.2.2 Structural Patterning & Ambiguity in Crime Texts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-2-2-structural-patterning-and-ambiguity-in-crime-texts.md) - 7.3 Criminals in Atonement - [7.3.1 Paul Marshall & Lola as Criminals](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-3-1-paul-marshall-and-lola-as-criminals.md) - [7.3.2 Narrative Point of View in Crime Texts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-3-2-narrative-point-of-view-in-crime-texts.md) - 7.4 Victims in Atonement - [7.4.1 Lola, Robbie & Cecilia as Victims](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-4-1-lola-robbie-and-cecilia-as-victims.md) - [7.4.2 Females Victims & Social Class in Crime Texts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-4-2-females-victims-and-social-class-in-crime-texts.md) - 7.5 Detection in Atonement - [7.5.1 Detection in Atonement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-5-1-detection-in-atonement.md) - [7.5.2 Detection in Crime Texts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-5-2-detection-in-crime-texts.md) - 7.6 Settings in Atonement - [7.6.1 Settings in Atonement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-6-1-settings-in-atonement.md) - [7.6.2 Symbolism of Settings in Crime Texts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-6-2-symbolism-of-settings-in-crime-texts.md) - 7.7 Guilt & Punishment in Atonement - [7.7.1 Marshall & Briony Escaping Punishment](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-7-1-marshall-and-briony-escaping-punishment.md) - [7.7.2 Guilt & Punishment in Crime Texts](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/7-7-2-guilt-and-punishment-in-crime-texts.md) ### 8 Writing Techniques - 8.1 Structure - [8.1.1 Overview of Structure](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/8-1-1-overview-of-structure.md) - [8.1.2 Metanarrative, Circular Structure & Ending](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/8-1-2-metanarrative-circular-structure-and-ending.md) - [8.1.3 Manipulation of Time](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/8-1-3-manipulation-of-time.md) - 8.2 Form - [8.2.1 Narrative Perspective](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/8-2-1-narrative-perspective.md) - [8.2.2 Genre](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/8-2-2-genre.md) - 8.3 Symbols & Motifs - [8.3.1 Symbolism of the Vase & Amo Bar](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/8-3-1-symbolism-of-the-vase-and-amo-bar.md) - 8.4 Language - [8.4.1 Focalising Through Briony & Robbie](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/8-4-1-focalising-through-briony-and-robbie.md) ### 9 Context - 9.1 Historical Context - [9.1.1 The Summer of 1935](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/9-1-1-the-summer-of-1935.md) - [9.1.2 Dunkirk, 1940](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/9-1-2-dunkirk-1940.md) - [9.1.3 London, 1940](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/9-1-3-london-1940.md) - 9.2 Social Context - [9.2.1 Social Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/9-2-1-social-class.md) - [9.2.2 The Role of Women in the 1930/40s](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/9-2-2-the-role-of-women-in-the-193040s.md) - 9.3 Literary Context - [9.3.1 Literary Genres & Atonement](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/9-3-1-literary-genres-and-atonement.md) ### 10 Critical Debates - 10.1 Marxist Literary Criticism - [10.1.1 Introduction to Marxist Literary Criticism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/10-1-1-introduction-to-marxist-literary-criticism.md) - [10.1.2 Marxist Readings: Importance of Social Class](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/10-1-2-marxist-readings-importance-of-social-class.md) - [10.1.3 Marxist Reading: Capitalist Exploitation & War](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/10-1-3-marxist-reading-capitalist-exploitation-and-war.md) - 10.2 Feminist Literary Criticism - [10.2.1 Introduction to Feminist Literary Criticism](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/10-2-1-introduction-to-feminist-literary-criticism.md) - [10.2.2 Feminist Readings: Gender Roles & Stereotypes](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/10-2-2-feminist-readings-gender-roles-and-stereotypes.md) - [10.2.3 Feminist Readings: Marriage & Family](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/10-2-3-feminist-readings-marriage-and-family.md) - [10.2.4 Feminist Readings: Male & Female Sexuality](https://senecalearning.com/en-gb/revision-notes/a-level/english-literature/aqa/atonement-specification-b/10-2-4-feminist-readings-male-and-female-sexuality.md)